现在完成时整理归纳

1、's off现在完成时讲解部分现在完成时的构成：助动词 have （has） +过去分词1 表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是衣服干净了”现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already （"已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）never （从不"用于中间处）ever （"曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）just （刚刚”用于中间处）yet （已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/还”用于否定句的末尾处）或不加任何的时间状语，但

2、不能和表示过去的时间状语连用 1.现在完成时的”完成用法”A、定义 现在完成时的”完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时 刻并已结束但该动作对现在产生了影响与现在情况具有因果关系。例如 He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去 沈但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。）B、特点 现在完成时”完成用法”的特点是动作不延续因此该时态 只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如already yet beforer ecently等）、频度时间状语（如 never ever once等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如thismorning/ mon th /year

3、.today 等）连用。例如 Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2. 现在完成时的”未完成用法”A、定义 现在完成时的”未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过 去某一时刻海一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去。例如He has lived here si nee 1978.自从1978年以来他一直住 在这儿。（动作起始于1978年一直住到现在可能还要继续住 下去。）I have bee n in the army for more tha n 5 years. 我在部队已经 呆了五年多了。（动作开始于5年前瓜一直延续至今漁有可 能还要继续下去。）B、特点此种用法

4、的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 （由si nee或for引导）或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如up to now=so far至U目前为止 ）等。例女口 I have heard nothing from him up to now.至U目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词， 不可用于终止性动词即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如come go arrive leave join become 等。现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比

5、较：The plane has arrived .飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示 我 现在 已经不在这儿任教了）1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情不强调对"现在

6、"产生的影响。如He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。（只说明去桂林的时间）2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如 Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（着重点 是现在有了一台新电脑）3. 两种时态的区分（1）一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。女口The film started at 7o' clock. He has been a teacher fo

7、r many years.（2）一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday,last week, two years ago, just no w, i n 2002 等而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词禾口 these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段时间的状语连用。have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区另U一、have（has） been in表示 在某地呆多长时间 ”常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：si nee, for, how l

8、ong等。例如：Mr. Brow n has bee n in Shan ghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已 经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：have bee n here （there） /at home （school）/on the farm have been here （there） / abroad（国夕卜）二、have（has）been to表示 曾经去过某地 ”现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用，例如：I have just been to the postoffice.我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never bee

9、n to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？have（has） been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好 几次了。三、have（has） gone to意为 到某地去了 ”表示到了某地或正在 去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第 二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：-Where is

10、 Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。现在完成时练习部分用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Ialready(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(fini sh) his work today ?Not yet .3. you(be) to Hong Kong ?-Yes, I(be) there twice .4. you ever(eat ) chocolate ?No, n ever.5. My fath

11、erjust(come) back from work. Heis tired now.6. Where ' Li Mi ng ? He(go) to the teacher7. Shanghai (be) a small town hundreds of years ago.Now it(become) a large city.8. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.9. - I(see) the film“ Chicken Run ” .-Where and whe nyou(see) it? - Last week.10. Mary

12、already(have) her supper.11. I(not want) to see the film. I(see) itwith my pare nts. We(see) it last Sun day.12. -Uncle Wang(me nd) the TV yet?-Yes, he.-Whenheit? - Yesterday.13. you(read) today' s newspaper yet?14 They already(do) their homework. But theydon ' t know what(do) next.15. -you(

13、see) the film last ni ght?-No, I(see) it for several times.请尝试着做以下的练习1. I(work) here si nee I(move) here in 1999.2. -How longthe Smiths(stay)here?-For two weeks.3. She(be) ill for three days.4. She(not read) this book before.5. you ever(travel) on a train before?6. -Wei Hua(come) yet?-Yes. She(come)

14、 already. She(come) just now.7. -How longyou(lear n) En glish? -For morethan two years.8. They (live) in Chi na si nee they (move) to China.11. My fatherjust(come) back from work. He is tired now.现在完成时态练习写出下列动词的的过去式和过去分词repairbebeginpayrunsendcutcatchmovefeelgeteatholdhurtlear nleavelosewinun dersta

15、 ndthrowswimsleepstudysingtakewearlay二.用所给动词的适当形式填空5. - I(see) the film"Chicken Run ” last week2.我们足够幸运，可以看见国家的变化。-Whereyou(see) it?6. We(hold) a sports meet ing n ext week.11. Whathe(do) at 8:00 last ni ght?12. Mum(cook) whe n I got home yesterday.13. I(not want) to see the film. I(see)it with

16、 my pare nts. We(see) it last Sun day.14. The teacher told us that the earth(travel) around the sun.15. you(read) today' s newspaper yet16. Theyalready(do) their homework.17. - Where is Jim?- He(water) the flowers in the garde n.19. A squirrel(松鼠)(hide) itself if it(feel) dangerous.20. -WhatTom(

17、do) now?-He(work) on a maths problem.- He (work) it out?-No, not yet. I (th ink) he(work) it out soon.21. - I(hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disn eyla nd recen tly.-Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.22. Maryalready(have) her supper.23. If hun ters catch a gia nt pan da, they(kill) it

18、 for its fur.24. My father(walk) to school from time to time.25. -Why are you late aga in?-Sorry, I(not be) late n ext time.26. - A man n amed Wang Hao(call) you twice just now.-He is one of my old frien ds. I(not meet) him si nee I leftfor Hong Kong.27. My pa rents(return) today.the airport.28. -Un

19、cle Wang(repair) the TV yet?-Yes, he.-Whenhe(repair) it?-Yesterday.29. -1 ' m hungry Mum.Don-Hun gry? Youust(eat) four hamburgers.30. you(be) to Beiji ng?-Yes, Ialready(be) there twice.三翻译句子1. 他自从去了美国以后就没给我写过信。HesinceWe areto seewith our eyes.3. 我原来居住的地方已变成了一个购物中心。The place I used to live in4. 我

20、不能像以前那样经常看到他们。I can ' t see them5. 这家工厂过去常常把废弃物倒进河里。This factoryin to the river.一、动词填空。1. She(be) away from home for almost four years.2. The sun(rise ) in the east.3. You look tired. Stop(work) and (have) a rest.4. I( not hear) from you for a long time.5. My brother(be ) to En gla nd twice.6. M

21、r Gree n(not come) back to China yet.7. Who(teach ) you math last term?8. They(go) to the shopp ing cen ter already.9. Liste n, Xiao Li(sing) in the n ext room.10. They(play) football whe n I walked past.二、句型转换(每空一词)。1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)Ibee n to Macau before.2. He hasn ' t com

22、e to schbecause he ' .s(就划线部分提问)'t forget to meet them athe come to school?3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问)lear ned En glish ?4.I bought a new bike just now.(用 just 改写)Ijusta new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 )WeEn glishthree years6. He has lived here

23、 si nee 1999.(就划线部分提问)hehere?7. They have already fini shed the work. 变否定Theythe work.8. My father got there two days ago. 同义句My fatherthere for two days.9. Mr. Li began to teach En glish in this school in 1999. 同义句Mr. LiEn glish in this school si nee 1999.10. They have cleaned the room twice this w

24、eek.（就划线部分提问）theythe room this week?11. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. 同义句My fatherEn gla nd.选择题1. Li Hong hasthe army for 2 years.A. joi ned B. be in C. bee n in D. joi ned in2. We have bee n friends since.A. childre n B. five yearsC. five years ago D. five years before3. Mikethe story

25、 book for a mon th.A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed4. Youthat questi on three times.A. already asked B. have already askedC. already have asked D. asked already5. Those foreig n friends left Guan gzhou.A. since last week B. a week agoC. for a week D. since a week ago6. Iat this sc

26、hool for two years.A. am study ing B. studyC. studied D. have studied7. Theyin the city si nee last summer.A. live B. didn ' t live C. have lived D. live8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou1992.A. since B. from C. after D. i n9. Mr. BlackChina si nee the summer of 1998.A. has bee n toB. has bee n in

27、 C. has come to D. came to10. His fatherfor years.A. has died B. has bee n deadC. died D. dies11. Maryto see the films because sheit twice.A. won ' t go, sawB. won ' t go, will seeC. won ' t go, has seerD. didn ' ot gees12. Would you like some more food?Thank you. Ieno ugh.A. will ha

28、ve B. have had C. have D. had13. youEn gla nd? Yes, ita beautiful coun try.A. Will, gone to, wasB. Have, bee n to, isC. Had, bee n to, isD. Have, gone to, is14. -youto Beiji ng?-No, Ithere early n ext mon th.A. Have, been, haven ' t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn ' t, am goingC. Have, gone, hav

29、en ' t, inas goD. Did, go, didn ' t, was going15. Your sisterto London to study En glish. Is that true? -Yes ,shethere for two mon ths.A. has been, has been B. will go, has goneC. gone, will be D. has gone, has bee n16. He has a computer of his own. Heit two days ago.A. bought B. bought C. b

30、oughtD. has bought17. Where is Li Lei? HeSha nghai.A. has gone to B. has bee n to C. went toD. goes to18. Hehis homework and is now liste ning to music.A. fini shesB. has fini shedC. finish D. is finishing19. DavidShan ghai for more tha n three mon ths.A. came to B. has bee n to C. has bee n in D. h

31、as come to20. - Is your father a Party member?-Yes, hethe party three years ago. Hea Party memberfor three years.A. jo in ed; has bee nB. has join ed; has bee nC. was join ed; is D. joi ned; was21. -What a nice bike! How loneyouit?Just five weeks.A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; havi ng D. have; had

32、22. Ithis book for a weekhave to retur n it now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept23. -your sisterin Gree n China for a long time?Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; bee n B. Have; bee n C. Has; jo ined D. Have; jo ined24. -How long have youfrom the USA? -For three mon ths.A. co

33、me back B. retur nedC. go back D. bee n back25. Ithis book for half a year.A. have bought B. have had C. bought D . had26. The stude nts are sorry to hear that famous sin gerfor a year.A. has left B. has gone C. has bee n awayD. has gone away27. -youyour homework yet?-Yes, Iit just now.A. Did; do; f

34、ini shedB. Have; done; fini shedC. Have; done; have fini shedD. Will; do; fin ish28. The sand storm weatherin Beijing several times this year.A. happe nB. happe ned C. has happe nedD. have happe ned29. -How long have you bee n here? -last month.A. ForB. UntilC. BeforeD. Si nce30. Hea cold for three

35、days.A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught31. Jim Gree nin Ch ina for two years.A. has come B. has bee n C. has arrived D. came32. The filmfor half an hour.A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn ' t begunD. began33. Where have youthese days?I have to Beijing with my friends.A.been gone B.be

36、en beenC. gone beenD.gone gone34 How long have youthis bookA. bought B.borrowed C. had D.le nt35. We have lived herefive years agoA. whe nB.si nce C.before D.after36 I have watched the game.Whenyouit ?A.have watched B.do watchC.did watchD.will watch37 How do you like Beiji ng, Mr. Black?Oh Isuch a b

37、eautiful city.A don' tis/itBdidn ' t visitC haven ' t visited D hadn ' t visited38 Miss Brow nto the Great Wall twice.A have bee n B has bee nC have goneD has gone39. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice he came toYunnan A afterB beforeC si nce D for40. His gran dpafor two year

38、s.A.was diedB.has bee n deadC.was dead D.has died2) The door ope ned at six in the morning.练习：I .翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我上星期看过这部电影。8. 在1992年他住在这里。II .用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “you(have) lunch ?“ Yes'. ”“ Whenyou(have) it? “I (have) it a

39、t 12:00.”2. “you(write) a letter to your aunt yet?“ Yes, I. I(writ e) one last week.3. he(finish) his homework?“'Not yet.4. they ever(be) abroad? ”“ Yes, just once.5. Your fatherjust(fin ish) his work.6. Your father(fini sh) his work just now.7. Last term I(lear n) many En glish words.8. They(no

40、t read) the in terest ing books yet.9.Hen ever(go) to the scie nee museum.10you ever(dri nk) coke?11ayou(buy) a dicti on ary?a“ Yes, I“ Whereyou(buy) it? ”“1(buy) it in a bookstore.Whenyou_ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday. ”练习:用si nee和for填空1)two years2)two years ago3)last month4)19995)yesterday6)4 o' clo

41、ck7)4 hours8)an hour ago9)we were childre n10)lunch time11)she left here用si nee和for填空1. He has lived in Nan ii ngthe year before last.2. I've known himwe were childre n.3. Our teacher has studied Japa nesethree years.4. She has bee n away from the cityabout ten years.5. It's about ten yearss

42、he left the city.2. 短暂性转换延续性 arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.t be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beiji ng five minu tes ago.HeBeiji ng for2) I moved to the USA last year.Ithe USA since3) I went home yesterday.Ihome for.4)They ca'me here las

43、t week.Theyhere since come/go back, return t be backcome/go out t be out1)He came out two years ago.Hefor.2)We retur n to Fuzhou yesterday.Weto Fuzhou since become t be1)I became a teacher in 2000.I a teacher for2) The river became dirty last year.The riverdirty for close t be closed open t be open1

44、) The shop closed two hours ago.The shopforThe doorfor six hours. get up t be up die t be deadleave sw. t be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleept be asleepfini sh/e ndt be ovmrarry t be married1) I got up two hours ago.Isi nee.2) He left Fuzhou just now.HeFuzhou for five mi nu tes.3) My grandpa d

45、ied in 2002.My gran dpafor.4) The meet ing fini shed at six.The meeti ngfor six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.Isi nee.6) They married in 1990.Theysince. start/begin to do sth. t do sth. begin t be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.Iat this school since.2) The film bega n two minu

46、tes ago.The filmfor. borrow t keeplose t not have buy t haveput on t wear catch/get a cold t have a coget to know t know1) They borrowed it last week.Theyit si nee.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.Ia pen for.3) I got to know him last year.Ihim si nee.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.Imy glasses

47、 for. have/has gone to t have bee n in1) He has gone to Beiji ng.HeBeiji ng for two days. join the league/the Party/the armyt be a league/a Party member/a soldiert be a member of the league/the Party t be in the league/the Party/the army 1) He joined the league in 2002.Heafor two years.Heathefor two

48、 years.Hethe league fortwo years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brotheraforMy brotherinfor two years.3汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。6）他们已经结婚 10年。7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。8）这会已开了多长时间了？9）这门已经关了两天了。10）我入团2年了。IIatwo years ago.for two years.Iaoffor two years

49、.Ithefor two years.11）自从1999年以来他们就认识。12）我来到农场已 5年了。4. 划线提问1） I have bee n there for two days.?youyour father2)My father has lived here since 2000.?3)He left here yesterday.he?4)They bought a book two hours ago.theya book?练习：I. 用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: WhereLi Fei?B: Heto Hai nan Isla

50、nd.A: How longhethere?B: Hethere for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I ' m afraid he won ' t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Isla nd?B: Sorry, In everthere.A: How many timesLi Feito that place?B: Hethere only on ce.II. 用 have/has been to/in, ha

51、ve gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? Hehis coun try.2)Davidthe park just now.3)Joh nEn gla nd since he came back.4)How longhethis village?5)The SmithsBeijing for years.6)youeverAmerica?- Yes, Itheremany times.7) Ithis school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? Hethe farm.9) Whenhe? Hean hour

52、 ago.10) Would you like to the zoo with me?-Yes, but Ithere before.11) Whereyounow? - Ithe zoo.12) He oftenyou swimming ?13) youthere last year?14) they oftenskating in winter?III. 翻译下列句子：1. 他已经来中国三年多了。2. 他们出国两个月了。3. 我从来没去过长城。4. 你曾经出过国吗？5. 他已经去图书馆了。6. 他来这儿五年了。7. 昨天他去了公园。8. 你要去哪里？ ” 我要去学校。”9. 他常常去游泳。

53、综合练习：I. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空1. I havesee n him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack hasfini shed his homeworkan hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught i n this schoolten years.4. “ Have youseen the film?“ No, I have X”see n it.5. “ Has the bus left?“ Yes, it hasleft.1. 他们已经打扫了教

54、室吗？2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。3. 打那以后，她一直住在这。4. 你曾经到过那里吗？” 不，我从来没到过那里。”III. 用适当的时态填空：I. She ' _s(live) here ever si nee she was ten.2. Both of them(be) in Hongkong for ten days.3. Both of them(come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour(pass) since the train(leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen .you(see)it here and there?6. you(find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty?-No I just(have) some oran