(完整)牛津沪教版英语八年级上完形填空专题讲义

1、1/8八年级上完形填空练习一、完型填空的解题总则文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。填空多是实意词，四个选项巧设计，词类范畴必同一。确定最佳靠逻辑，字里行间找信息。个别填空借常识，相近词义细辨析，习惯用法靠记忆，复读反思再核实。完型填空SECTION解题原则完形填空如何入手？1.做题前先花30-45秒预览文章， 大致了解文章的体裁（记叙、议论或者）、文章内容、几个段落、是否有小标题和项目符号（这个往往是该段的主题句）。2.做题时，首句和小标题重点读，充分体会文章论证结构，灵活使用技巧（例子与例子的关系，例子与中心句的关系，平行关系等），注意逻辑对应，指代清晰。特别提

2、醒，绝对避免见空填空，（即看到一个空格，直接看选项进行选择），这样很危险，失误率会大大增加。再次强调，完形填空强调单词、短语在语境（句子层面，段落层面，篇章层面）的应用。请填第一格词，务必读到第二格，很多时候两格之间出题者往往给了很多暗示和线索。依次类推，填第二格请务必读到第三格。如第一格在第二段，也请认真读完第一段，切莫跳过，因为前文可能在给全文或者该段足够的背景叙述。同理，如最后一格后还有句子或者段落，请务必读完。3.完成题后，请重读该文1-2遍，确保单词在该句语法，语义，语境都合适。非常强调逻辑对应：1.首句必重点读首句很多情况是Topicsentence（主题句），告诉你文章的背景和主

3、旨。首句一般不设空，如果首句设空，请重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。EG1:（11长宁）Thesedays,itisforchildrenasyoungasSammytobesogoodatcomputers.ManyChildrenusecomputersathomeoratschoolandsomeschoolsevenhavetheirownwebsites.A.hardB.unusualC.commonD.dangerous如果学生分析这四个词用法，那就和这道考题背道而驰了，首句设空，我们重点读后面的那句话很多孩子在家里，学校使用电脑，甚至一

4、些学校有他们自己的网站”，说明对电脑的使用是持肯定意见的，选项C为正确答案，A、B、D都为否定意见，故不选。EG2:（13长宁）Ifyouhavenomobilephone,nocomputer,andnoInternetwithyou,whatwillyoudowithyourfreetime?2/8Willyougo80?A.enjoyableB.interestingC.crazyD.busy2.例子之间关系例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子有时候会有正反对比或者是平行关系。(12虹口)Inmostmenageries,animalswerekeptinsmalldirtyc

5、ages.However,inmodernzoos,animalsarekeptinhabitats(栖息地)thatlooklike81areas.81.A)nativeB)narrowC)naturalD)national3.最佳适用原则举个这例子，如果这样出题。这位男士很,每次和女生一起出去逛街的时候都会为女生拉开商场大门，直到身边所有的女生都通过。假设选项如下AgoodBniceCgentleDhandsome你会如何选？很多学生会选good,觉得good是万能词，但这里错了，完形填空一定要基于语境，选择一个最适合，最具体，不是最宽泛的词语。因而Cgentle很绅士是最佳答案。(12虹

6、口)Peoplewho85animalrightsdontlikethedisplayofanimalsinzoos.Butotherpeoplefeelthatzooscareforandprotecttheanimals.Theyfeelthatthisiswhymanyexoticspeciesarestillalivetoday.85.A)playatrickonB)gettiredofC)payattentiontoD)goonwith4.场景匹配原则(2011长宁一模)SammyLiu,asix-year-oldboyfromKowloon,hasbecomeaherorecent

7、ly.Onedayheusedthefamilytostoparobbery.A.radioB.computerC.recorderD.telephone后文都在说关于电脑使用，这里选择ACD显然不合适，文章里根本就没有提到收音机，录音机和电话，虽然电话也能用来报警，但是一定要基于原文的场景。5.平行并列原则完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还不妨可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空不妨也可以关注一下下面一段的末句。例如有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处，其中第二段末

8、句这么写：withanactive,youcanovercomeallthedifficulties.需要我4填空。在第三段末句出现了withanactiveattitude,youcanbehealthy.如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句，使用了平行原则，自然就能填出attitude.二、完型填空的解题方法：方法1.充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例1.Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.21springsandstreamssometimesmea

9、nscontrol,particularlyinthe22areaslikethedesert.3/821.A.UsingB.HoldingC.OwningD.Finding22.A.dryB.distantC.desertedD.wild例2.The33watersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthe34thanfromthebelow.33.A.correctB.furtherC.averageD.early34.A.cloudsB.skyC.airD.above例3.In1964ShirleygraduatedfromGallaudetand

10、lookedfor_44_.Shewantedtobe_45_andworkfulltime.rmationB.helpC.ajobD.anassistant45.A.happyB.independentC.freeD.confident方法2.注意固定的搭配， 包括动词与介词的搭配、 动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等， 同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例1.Hed36hislifebrewingbeerforlocalbreweriesonlytomakealiving,37hadhisfatherandgrandfatherbeforehim.36.A.costB.spentC.ta

11、keD.paid37.A.likeB.asifC.soD.nor例2.IcalledmybeerSamuelAdams,51thebrewerandpatriot(爱国者)whohelpedtostarttheBostonTeaparty.51A.forB.atC.inD.after例3.Hedidnthearthebellforhewascompletelyinreadingthenewspaper.A.interestedBcenteredCaddictedDabsorbed方法3.注意同义词的辨义例1.Herfacewasfamiliartome,butIcouldnot8.rwhere

12、andhowIhadseenher.(remember)例2.AllatonceI10.rwhereIhadseenher.(realized)例3.ThenIexplainedthatIhad13.rherfromthephotoIfoundinthepurse.(recognized)方法 4.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词1) Andvideocamerascanbeusedtopeoplesactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch2) Thewatch,whichMrsSmithhadonthetableasshestartedherlectur

13、e,disappeared.A.seenB.droppedC.foundD.laid3) Whenthepaperswereshediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.A.collectedB.completedC.markedD.answered方法5.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项例1.Theexplorersfoundthattheislandhadgoodsoil37the200nativeslivingtheresurvivedwithlittlefood.37.A.andB.but

14、C.howeverD.still例2.Herfatherhad36hertwothings.Onewasnottopullheroutofthewater37sheasked.36.A.givenB.refusedC.allowedD.promised37.A.asB.unlessC.evenifD.when例3.So,at24Idecidedtodropout.42,myparentsdidntthinkthiswasagreatidea.42.A.FortunatelyB.ObviouslyC.PossiblyD.Properly方法6.根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项例1.in1967s

15、hewasaskedtoworkatGallaudetUniversityasadormsupervisor(宿舍监管员).Shirleysupervisedyoungwomenwho_47_intheuniversityduringtheschoolyear.47.A.workedB.studiedC.livedD.played方法7.根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项例1.Lifeisvery55,sodontrushtomakedecisions.Lifedoesntletyouplan.55.A.hardB.busyC.shortD.long例2.Thisis39themosti

16、mportantcharacterofcreativepeopleisaverystrong40tofindawayoutoftrouble.39.A.whyB.forC.howD.because4/840.A.desireB.inspireC.influenceD.attitude完型填空专项练习1Ifyouhavenomobilephone,nocomputer,andnoInternetwithyou,whatwillyoudowithyourfreetime?Willyou5/8go80?Harley,a15-year-oldgirlfromCalifornia,USstayedcal

17、m.Shedidsomethingdifferent.Hermobilephonedidnworkoneday,soshedecidedtotryandlive81it.Shetookasix-weeksummertravelwithsomefriends.Harleyandtenotherteenagersrodetheirbikes3,000milesacrosstheStates.Withtwocollegestudentsasguides,theystartedfromabeachinGeorgiaonJune23.Theytravelledthroughsmalltownsinthe

18、south,they82inthemountains.Itsnoteasytofindacomfortableplacetosleep.Itwastoohotinthesouth,andsuperwet,too.mosquitoes（蚊子）werearoundthem83whensleepingoutside.Althoughthereweregroup,Harleysaid.Fromthesethings,Atthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,trafficinbigcitiessuchasNewYorkandLondonbecameverybusy.Car

19、riages,horses,andbikesrushedineverydirection（方向），andthentheywere80bythenewesttoyoftherichpeople,theautomobiles（汽车）.Inthosedays,crossingastreetusedtobearealchallengeforpeoplewalking.Therewereno81fordrivers.TheNewYorkPoliceDepartmenthadtocreateaspecialgroupofpolicementocontroltraffic.Policeofficerssto

20、odatcrossroadsandtriedtodirectthetraffic,butveryoftentheywererunoverbyvehicles（车辆）.By1912,NewYorkCityhad38,000motorvehicles.82hadtobedoneaboutallthetrafficonthestreets!In1916,thefirsttraffictowerwas83inNewYork,atthecrossroadsofFifthAvenueand42ndStreet.Atrafficofficercontrolledthree500-wattlamps.They

21、were40centimetersindiameter,andtheywerered,yellow,andgreen.However,atthetime,red84trafficinalldirectionshadtostop,yellowstoppedonlyeast-westtraffic,andgreenstoppedonlynorth-southtraffic.Thiswasveryconfusing,soin1924thecityadopted（采用）thesystemusedinrailroads:redforstop,greenforgo,andyellowforslow.Thi

22、ssystembecamestandardallovertheworld.ThefirstautomatictrafficlightscameintouseinWolverhampton,England,in1927.Todaycomputerscontroltrafficlights,androadconditionsaremuchbetterthantheyusedtobe.Theonly85iswhenthereisapowercut.Theresultisoftenconfusiononthestreetsbecausethetrafficlightsdon80.A）joinedB）s

23、eenC）playedD）built8384,noonelefttheteam.Everyonewashard-workinganddideverythingfortheWelearnedhowtolivewithotherpeopleandlookaftereachother.theynotonly85themselves,butalsoopenedtheireyes.Southerrpeoplearereallysanicechangeofwhatmostofusareusenice,Harleysaid.Smallcommunitieswerejustthat.It，thecountry

24、lives.Itsawholenewworld.”80.A.enjoyableB.interestingC. crazyD.busy81.A.withB.withoutC. onD. for82.A.setafireB.watchedTVC. hadapicnicD. madecamps83.A.allthetimeB. forthetimebeingC.fromtimetotimeD.inashorttime84.A.happinessB.goodnessC. worriesD. difficulties85A.trainedB.taughtC. learnedD.practiced80.C

25、81.B82.D83.A84.D85.Ato.It26/881.A）roadsB）rulesC）jobsD）seats82.A)NothingB)EverythingC)AnythingD)Something83.A)putoffB)putoutC)putupD)puton84.A)stoppedB)controlledC)madeD)meant85.A)chanceB)problemC)answerD)advantage80A81B82D83C84D85B3EversinceJonathanhadsetupthehouseinComptonStreet,hehadlookedafteritv

26、erycarefully.Beforeheleftthehouseinthemorning,hecarefullyclosedallthedoorsdownstairs,openedsomewindowstolettheairinandlockedthefrontgate.80Jonathandidwastidyandorderly.OnesummereveningJonathanreturnedhome81atfiveminutestosevenexactly.Whenheopenedthefrontgate,heimmediatelynoticedsomethingstrange.Ther

27、ewasaheavyfootprintinthesoilinoneoftheflowerbeds.Jonathanwasjustgoingtoblame(责怪)themilkmanorthepostmanwhenhenoticedthatoneofthecurtainsinthefrontroomdownstairswasnotinitsusualplace.Thatwastoostrange!Jonathan82leftanythingoutofplace.Hewalkeduptothefrontdoorandopeneditquietly.Helistenedcarefullyforafe

28、wminutes,buthecouldhearnothing.Thefrontroomdoorwashalfopen.Jonathanthoughtaboutitcarefully,.83ifhehadforgottentocloseitthatmorning.Hehadneverforgottenbefore.Helookedinsidetheroom.Theshadow(影子)ofamanwasclearlyreflectedon(映在)thefarwallintheeveningsunlight.Hehadbeenstanding84thedoorsinceJonathanreturn.

29、Jonathanshutthedoorquicklyandturnedthekey.Thenhepickedupthetelephoneinthehallandcalledthepolice.Thethieftriedtoclimbthroughawindowtogetout,butJonathanhadexpectedthat.He85himwithhisumbrella,holdingitasasword(剑).Threeminuteslaterthepolicearrivedthere.Jonathanwasalittleangrythathehadtohavedinnerlaterth

30、anusual,butonthewholehefeltquitepleasedwithhimself.80.A)NothingB)SomethingC)AnythingD)Everything81.A)asusualB)allthetimeC)rightawayD)assoonas82.A)alwaysB)neverC)oftenD)seldom83.A)knowingB)guessingC)wonderingD)surprising84.A)atB)infrontofC)besideD)behind85.A)caughtB)attractedC)attackedD)pulled80.D81A

31、82.B83.C84.D85.C4ThisisatruestorywhichhappenedinEngland.Anoldman,whohadnochildren,felt80anddecidedtoliveintheSeniorCenter(养老院)whenheturned81.Afterheannouncedthathewouldsellhisluxurious(豪7/8华)house,hundredsofpeoplewhowantedtobuyitcametohim.Atfirst,theoldmanconsideredacceptingsomeonewhomight8280,000po

32、undsforthehouse,butsoonthepriceroseto100,000poundsandstillwenthigher.83,theoldmanlookedsadandunhappy.Actually,ifhewaswell,hewouldnotsellthehouse,whichhadaccompaniedhimformorethanhalfofhislife.Oneday,ayoungmanvisitedtheoldman.Hebentdownalittleandsaid84ownthishouse,butIonlyhave10,000pounds.Yetifyousel

33、littome,I85youcanstilllivehereandbehappywithme.Wewilldrinktea,readnewspapers,andtakeawalkeverydaytogether.Pleasebelieveinme,andIbesttotakegoodcareofyou.Theoldmansmiledandnodded.Hesoldthehousetotheyoungmanatapriceof10,000pounds.Sometimes,whatreallycounts(有价值，重要)isloveforothers.80.D81.C82.A83.A84.C85.

34、BFormanypeople,havingyourownbusinesssoundsliketheperfectjob.Youcandoworkthatyoulove.Youcansetyourowntimetable,andwearjeanstowork.Youneverhaveto80aboss,andyoumakealldecisionsyourself.Youcanevenraiseyoursalaryanytimeyouwant.Havingyourownbusinesscan,t)esaysDavidPaik.Afterworkingforanadvertisingagencyfo

35、rsixyears,hestartedawebsitedesignbusinessathome.Hisincomeinthefirsttwomonthswas$0.82,hegotabigprojectcreatingawebsiteforamagazine.Thenhehadanewproblem:histimetable.Designissuccessful,butDavidsays,Ireallywasnpreparedtobeabusinessowner.Ididnt83thedifficulty.seasytotaketoomuchtimeiotfgettoolittleworkdo

36、ne.Withnoworkmates,youmightfeelboredor84.Youhavetopayforyourownholidays.Ifyoumakeabadbusinessdecision,youcouldloseallthemoney.Forallofthesereasons,morethanhalfofallnewbusinessesfailwithinoneyear.)80.A)relaxedB)worriedC)proudD)lonely)81.A)richerandricherB)sadderandsadderC)weakerandweakerD)moreandmore

37、disappointed)82.A)offerB)orderC)buyD)reuse)83.A)HoweverB)WhatsmoreC)AfterallD)Bytheway)84.A)carefullyB)quietlyC)honestlyD)happily)85.A)predictB)promiseC)requireD)warnButtherealityisdifferent.wasworkingtwelvehoursaday,sevendaysaweek,becauseIdidnthaveemployeestohelpme.Today,PaWithnoboss,it8/8Anotherpr

38、oblemisbalancingworkwithpersonallife.Asabusinessowner,youcantjuststopat59/8aboutyourworkuntiltomorrow.EvenwhenImwatchingTVintheevening,InkingmalaM曲ystlmhy85andprojects,saysDaik.Still,hundredsofpeoplearoundtheworldstartbusinesseseveryday,andmostenjoytheexperience.advantagestohavingyourownbusiness,say

39、sDeniseWilliams,theownerofawomensclothirexactlyhowtodoyourwork,howmuchmoneyyouwanttomake,andwhowillworkforyou.”80.A)talkaboutB)listentoC)hearfromD)lookafter81.A)hardB)expensiveC)foolishD)strange82.A)AsaresultB)InadditionC)ForexampleD)Atlast83.A)memorizeB)realizeC)haveD)solve84.A)angryB)funnyC)lonely

40、D)sorry85.A)lessonsB)holidaysC)customersD)friends80.B81.A82.D83.B84.C85.C6AjoblessmanappliedforthepositionofoffcrosoyTheHRMK力资源)managerinterviewedhimthenwatchedhimcleaningthefloorasa80.Youareemployedhesaid.Givemeyoure-mailaddressandIllsendyoutheapplicationformtofillin,aswellasthedatewhenyoumay81.”ThemanrepliedButIdonthaveacomputer,nei