促进节能的政策措施

1、T h e C h i n a S u s t a i n a b l e E n e r g y P r o g r a m中中 国国 可可 持持 续续 能能 源源 项项 目目能源基金会北京代表处能源基金会北京代表处Energy Foundation Beijing Office2006年年5月月 May 2006GWH Impacts from Programs Begun Prior to 20012001年以前节能项目产生的节能量年以前节能项目产生的节能量05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000197519761977197819

2、79198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000GWH 百万千瓦时百万千瓦时Utility Programs电力公司的节能项目电力公司的节能项目Building Standards建筑节能标准建筑节能标准Appliance Standards家用电器节能标准家用电器节能标准 14% of Annual Use in California in 20012001年加州年用电量的年加州年用电量的14%美国的冰箱能耗与价格演变美国的冰箱能耗与价格演变20304050607080

3、9010011019721976198019841988199219962000YearIndex (1972 = 100)Effective Dates of National Standards=Effective Dates of State Standards=Refrigerators冰箱冰箱Central A/C中央空调中央空调Gas Furnaces燃气灶具燃气灶具Impact of Standards on Efficiency of 3 Appliances标准对标准对3种电器节能的影响种电器节能的影响Source: S. Nadel, ACEEE, in ECEEE 200

4、3 Summer Study, 75%60%25%国标生效日期国标生效日期州标生效日期州标生效日期Annual Usage of Air Conditioning in New Homes in California 加州新建住宅年空调用电量加州新建住宅年空调用电量Annual drop averages 4% per year平均每年下降平均每年下降4%05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0001970197219741976197819801982198419861988199019921994199619982000200220042006kWh

5、/YEARSource: CEC Demand Analysis Office1992 Federal Appliance Standard1992年联邦电器节能标准年联邦电器节能标准California Title 20 Appliance Standards家用电器节能标准家用电器节能标准1976-1982Initial California Title 24 Building Standards建筑节能标准建筑节能标准Estimated Impact of 2006 SEER 12 Standards预期到预期到2006年年SEER12 标准产生的节能量标准产生的节能量100%33%Sa

6、les Units % by GfK MS, - Italy - SDA-MDA Dept.AverageATBEDEESFRUKITNLPTSE4,853,431,57,232,849,138,16,43,51165,716,84,3757,932,732,547,612,86,8652,6333,456126,19,53,247,23215,521,2666,33,835,145,77,910,73,27024,3Energy Class A +Energy Class A +Energy Class AEnergy Class BEnergy Class COthersStates wi

7、th PBF采用公共效益基金的州See /briefs/mktabl.htm for details澳大利亚：澳大利亚：精英能源企业项目，温室气体挑战加拿大：加拿大：工业节能项目丹麦：丹麦：工业能效协议法国：法国：CO2 减排自愿协议芬兰：芬兰：工业节能方法协议Australia: Energy Smart Business Program, Greenhouse ChallengeCanada: Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC)Denmark: Agreements on Industria

8、l Energy EfficiencyFrance: Voluntary Agreements on CO2 ReductionsFinland: Agreements on Industrial Energy Conservation Measures瑞典：瑞典： EKO能源英国：英国：气候变化税收，高耗能工业部门能效目标，最佳能效实践项目， 合作协议运动美国：美国：铝业工业自愿伙伴关系，PFC减排伙伴关系Sweden: EKO-EnergiU.K.: Climate Change Levy, Energy-Intensive Industry Sector Efficiency Targe

9、ts, Energy Efficiency Best Practice Program, Make a Corporate Commitment Campaign (MCCC)U.S.:Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership; PFC Emissions Reduction Partnership for the Semi-Conductor Industry0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.50123456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23HourWa

10、tts per Square FootLoad ManagementBaselineEfficient 0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.5012345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24HourWatts per square footBaselineEfficient and Load MngEfficient工业部门行业报告工业部门行业报告Sector reports for industrial sectors部门能耗及生产过程分析Sector-wide analysis of ene

11、rgy consumption and production processes公司内部提高能效的一般性潜力的确认、Identification of general potentials for improving energy efficiency in the companies能源管理必须包括：Energy management must include:-能源政策和能效目标-Energy policy and energy efficiency targets-能源帐目-Energy accounting-能效采购与设计的程序-Procedures for energy-effici

12、ent procurement and design-员工教育与激励-Education and motivation of staff提供节能潜力与技术信息Provides information on energy-saving potentials and technologies管理投资资金Administers investment grants政府提供年度政府提供年度CO2税收返还税收返还Government provides annual CO2 tax rebate实施实施 Enforcement没有进行行动项目中所列举活动的公司要退回当年所享受的CO2税收返还部分Compan

13、ies who fail to take actions outlined in Action Program must pay back CO2 tax rebate from that year设立一揽子工业部门目标Set collective industry sector target制定行动计划以实现目标Develops Action Plans to meet targets独立公司承诺达到特别的目标Individual companies commit to meet specific targets年度报告年度报告Annual Report-评估当年能效提高情况-Assess

14、current year progress in improving energy efficiency-基准评价：将设施与工业平均水平及“最佳实践”（被定义为最高水平）相比较-Benchmarking: compare a facility to the industry mean as well as to a “best practice” (defined as the top quartile)sectors-为工业提供强有力的交流与认识促进项目-Provides a strong communications and awareness program for industry联邦

15、统计机构联邦统计机构Federal Statistical Agency-收集有关数据，测量并报告工业达标进程-Collection of relevant data to measure and report industrys progress toward meeting their targets参与方参与方 Participants所有消耗一定能源的工业部门All industrial sectors with energy consumption of a certain level1250家企业1250 firms占工业能耗的90%90% of industrial energy

16、 consumption 公司的节能潜力评估公司的节能潜力评估 Assessment of Energy Efficiency Potential at company NOVEM的机密报告 Confidential report by NOVEM 单个公司准备的节能计划单个公司准备的节能计划 Energy Conservation Plans prepared by individual companies 参考年度于本年度的能耗状况描述 Description of energy consumption in the reference year and current year 公司的能

17、效目标 Energy efficiency target of the company可能采取的行动的指征Indication of possible activities预计的行动时间表Estimated timetable of activities监督与报告方法Method of monitoring and reporting单个公司的贡献对于整个部门目标实现的意义What individual company contribution will be to the overall sector target能源管理能源管理Energy Management-审计与检测工具：能源潜力扫

18、描与能源监测系统-Auditing and monitoring using tools: Energy Potential Scan and Energy Monitoring System-与环境管理相结合-Integration with environmental management投资补贴与财政激励投资补贴与财政激励Investment Subsidies and Fiscal Incentives-25%的补贴用于热电联产项目-25% subsidy for cogeneration (CHP) projects如果部门的目标不能够实现，则要终止整个部门的长期协议Entire s

19、ector Long-Term Agreement can be terminated if sector fails to reach targets协议一旦终止，公司必须遵守严格的环境许可If terminated, firms must comply with strict environmental permits荷兰荷兰 Netherlands实际的效果好于协议目标：1989至2000年间，能效平均提高了22.3%Actual results were better than the VA target: an average improvement in energy efficiency of 22.3% over the perio