中考英语语法第一轮复习之冠词与介词

1、中考英语语法第一轮复习之冠词与介词冠词一、概念1 .冠词是一种虚词，不能单独担当句子成分e.g. The sun rose red.旭日升。冠词+太阳组成这个句子的主语2 .主要放在名词前，不能离开名词单独存在e.g. Youd better take the as soon as possible.A. medicine B. medical C.不填3 .在句中对名词起限制作用e.g. Open the door, please!请开门！（特指开说话者指定的门）二、分类1 .不定冠词：a an表泛指，即首次提到的或不限定的人或事物。也可表示数量“一”。后面接可数名词单数。元音音素前用an,

2、辅音音素前用a。e.g. Im an English teacher.我是一名英语老师。表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机械。用在可数名词单数前，表示某一类人或事物，以区别于其他种类。There is a plane flying in the sky.有一架飞机在天上飞。表示某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人何物。There is a plane flying in the sky. The plane is really fast.有一架飞机在天上飞。这架飞机 真的飞得很快。EX:以下那些句子应填入不定冠词The

3、re is dog lying on the ground.There is man swimming in the river. He must be Jack! young man is waiting for you.He came to Beijing in _ autumn of 2008.I have failed twice, but I will try a third time.我失败两次了，但是我将再尝试一次。用于序数词前表示“再一、又一”的意思2 .定冠词：the表特指，即上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限定的人或事，也可以是指 说话双方都默认的人或事等用法。定冠词的用法口

4、诀：一独：指世界上独一无二的事物前。e.g. The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转二双：指说话双方都知道的。e.g. Open the door, please!请开门!三方：表示方位的名词前用the.e.g. Its wet in the south.在南方气候很潮湿。四级：形容词最高级前要用the.e.g. She is the tallest girl in our class.她是我们班最高的女孩。五乐：西洋乐器名词前要加the.e.g. Lily is good at playing the piano.莉莉擅长弹钢琴。六姓：在某些姓氏前用定冠

5、词the,表示某某一家。e.g. Please give my best regards to the Browns, will you?请帮我给布朗一家带去我最真挚的敬意，好吗？七形：在某些形容词前加the,表示某一类人或某一类事物。e.g. The new always take the place of the old.新人总会取代旧人。比如：the rich富人the poor穷人八山：在山脉、江河、湖海、群岛前加thee.g. We climbed the Mount Tai last year.去年我们去爬了泰山。九党：在党派、机构、报纸名称、某些国名前用 the.e.g. The

6、 Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国十序：序数词前要加the.e.g. My room is on the second floor.我的房间在第二层。三、零冠词口诀：下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限。专有名词不可数，学科球类和三餐。复数名词表泛指，星期月份季节前。颜色语种和国名，称呼习语和头衔。（交通工具、球类、三餐、学科、名词前有形容词性无主代词或名词所有格、称呼、公共假日、季节、表示泛指意义的可数名词复数或不可数名词等）e.g. by bike play football have lunch English my bike Jack New Years D

7、ay in autumn Animals can't live without water.介词、表示时间的介词: at 后跟具体的时刻或地点如： at 2:00、 at home in 后跟年份月份、月份、季节或泛指某天早中晚。如：in May、in summer、 in themorning on 后跟某日、星期几或具体某天的上、下、晚。如：on Mondayfor+一段时间。如：for a daysince+时间点at, on的区别：节假日中含有 Day的用on,表示节日当天 节假日中不含有 Day的用at,表示在节日期间。 in+ 一段时间：表示从现在算起的将来的一段时间aft

8、er+语段时间：表示从过去的时间点算起的一段时间之后。时间表达a、整点+o'clock几点整b、分钟+past+时钟几点过几分c、分钟+to+时钟几点差几分d、先时钟，后分钟 几时几分年月日的表达先月，后日，再年e.g. on March the eighth, nineteen ninety-four 1994 年 3 月 8 日二、表示地点方位的介词： in 表示在某一地区之内的某一方位（属于该范围）。Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 on 表示与某地的毗邻关系。Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 湖

9、北在湖南的北方。 to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）。China is to the west of Japan. 中国位于日本的西部。 in, at 的区别：in 接大地点，at 接小地点 on, over, above 的区别：on 表示垂直上方，与物体表面有接触，“在。之上”over 表示垂直上方，与物体表面无接触，还有“越过，跨过，超越”之意。反义词为under.above ”在。上方”但不一定是垂直上方，表面无接触，反义词为below. through, across, cross, over 的区别：through 指从空间内“穿过，通过”，如： through th

10、e rainacross指从物体表面穿过，如：across the street cross 是动词over the river.over 指从上方“越过；从一边到另一边”，如： between, among 的区另U： between 一般指两者之间among 一般指三者或三者以上之间on the tree表示树上长出来的；in the tree表示临时停在树上的on the wall表示东西粘帖在墙上；in the wall表示门、窗等嵌在墙上。d斌牛刀一、用ar Jd,。口填空1. rbe> have。PE Mod day-2. Classes h吆in S：0D.3. 口。bav

11、t four 1砥3。口3 the morning.1. I wa tcb 1 play Fnday5. My sister play basketball half past four the afternoou,6. Mv parents get upsix Thirtv even- moiTiing.7. We have Luncb nomS. His brother gets Io ti of presents his birthday,SL Flowers come out spiing.10. She b afraid of ant night二、懒汉翻I译句子1 .会议下午三点十

12、分开始.The meeting begins in be af(crn«OD, i.We go home 3 .他的父段三点三十分由His pat ents go to work .一周有七天.There are stvtn days a week5 .他们星期五不Thty don't have k»ans Triday.6 .他的生日在十月一日.His birthday is Che first of October.»今夏天胜It h ven- bot summer7 2005年汤姆来到了中国low comes to China 20.9 .他们在周六

13、晚Jl看电号The go to thednetna Saturdayaftei DaoB.10 .不要在下雨的夜础去DooTt 自。«ut a rainy evening.EX:1_ China E old ccuutt>> with Iong hinory.A. The: an: aB.an： aC. /: an theD. /- (be; »2. Does To nt ofteu play foo tbaU after school?A_ / ; /B_ / ; theC. th% /D_ a； /3-What colour is fltange?It:s

14、oraue.A_ anT aaB. aiL, theC. anT/D_ J, an4, In the United S(a(es father's Day falh on tiiird Saaday in June.A. tbe/B. the aC. /, theD. a,/5, -WhaiTs (be mattet vith you ?-I caugbcbad cold and bad f4 stay iob«d.A. a, /B. j, theC. a, aD. 山七由电6* She is ufacomer to chemistry but she has already

15、 made some importantdiscoveries.A_ ThejheB. the, IC. a, fD. a, Theh工 After *n'itchug TV, she playedA. /T/B. the, theviolin for au houi:C_ the, !D. lf theS. tVhBn Linda was a child, her mother always 1h b骷f haveb闻.A. the breakfast inB. rhe breakfast in theC- breakfast inD_ breakfast in rhe9. Alex

16、ander &rahAtn Bell inveofedB. atelephone id 18715.C_ theB. one10. 1 have Iwo dogs. black one is two vears aid andiellow one is rbr电白 vtarsold.A, aB. The, aC. Th& th。D. A, (h«二、英语书面表达专项训练2.写作百善孝为先”孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。某英语报社正在举办以弘扬中华传统文化”为主题的征文活动，请你以"We should honor ourparents为题，写一篇短文参加征文活

17、动。内容包括 ：What do you often do for your parents?Why should we honor our parents?How should we honor our parents?要求：1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。We should honor our parentsAs we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition ofChina.【答案】 We

18、should honor our parentsAs we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of China.I honor my parents.I often help my parents do housework in my spare time.I think it's our duty to honor our parents.Our parents take much effort to raise us, so it's important for us to honor them.The

19、y love us so we should love and respect them.First of all, we should try our best to study hard to make them proud of us.Then, we can help our parents with some housework because they are tired after working.Next, we should respect them and never talk to them rudely.We'd better communicate with

20、them patiently if we have different opinions.It's also important to tell our parents we love them.【解析】【分析】本题要求考生以 我们应该尊敬我们的父母”为题结合所给的内容要点，写一篇作文【详解】这是篇材料作文，主要内容要点已给，所以考生要围绕着要点，进行写作，不要遗漏，当 然顺序可以适当调整。这篇作文又句型亮点，例如： As we know, 众所周知；.I think it's our duty to do sth等等，其次文章结构也比较清晰，例如第二段的衔接词，First o

21、f all,Then, Next,使用的简单而恰当。3.假如你是阳光中学的李华，你校成功举办了中华诗词朗诵比赛”，请用英语写一篇短文，介绍活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。内容要点如下：时间地点5月23号下午；学校礼堂。每学期举办一次。活动介绍今年乂大获成功。同学们的精彩表现得到了大家的高度评价。八年级的士丽获一等奖。她极具朗诵天赋。每位获胜者赢得一张免费书展的票。呼吁参与的理由(自拟1至U 2点)注意事项：(1)须包括所给内容要点，要求语句通顺、行文连贯作、适当发挥；(2)词数在80个左右，文稿的开头已给出，不计入总词数；参考词汇：中华诗词朗诵比赛Chinese Poetry Recit

22、ing Competition;表现performance;高度评价 think highly of ;朗诵 recite;天赋 gift;免费的 freeI'm Li Hua from Sunshine Middle School. Our school.【答案】I'm Li Hua from Sunshine Middle School. Our school held a Chinese Poetry Reciting Competition on the afternoon of May 23rd. It was held in the school hall. The

23、 competition is held every tram. This year it was a big success again. All the teachers and students thought highly of the students' wonderful performances. Wang Li from Grade 8 won the first prize. She has a real gift for reciting .Each winner won a free ticket for the book show.I hope more peo

24、ple will take part in this activity and enjoy the beautiful Chinese culture 【解析】【详解】本题是一篇给材料作文，介绍中华诗词朗诵比赛”活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。短文用第一人称和第三人称，还会用到被动语态的句子。写作思路：考生需要首先审 清主题，围绕主题展开作文，其次考生可根据表格中的要点提示去写作。文章必须包括要 点中所给的信息，但不要逐句翻译，并补充两条个人的观点。在写作过程中，要注意句与 句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词， 使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要

25、仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还 要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求4.为提升南京城市形象，我市已启动老小区出新改造工程。假设你是 Tim,请根据下面表格内容的提示，用英文向你的外国笔友Jack做简单的介绍。Purposeimprove the environmentChanges to people?s lifebeautiful buildings,Problemslots of noise, rubbishYour advice注意：1 . 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2 .语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3 词数

26、80 左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。Renovation of the oldHi, Jack! I am Tim. Today I will tell you something about the project communities ” in Nanjing.【答案】Hi, Jack! I am Tim. Today I will tell you something about the project“ Renovation of theold communities ” in Nanjing. This project is aim to improve the environm

27、ent. After this project,there will be more beautiful buildings, some parks and a big shopping store. Our life will be more convenient. But there are some problems which influence our life. For example, lots of noise is around us all day long, and we can see the building rubbish anywhere. In my opini

28、on, the project team only work in daytime and the building rubbish can be put at a fixed place. Of course, everyone in the old communities can do what they can do to renovate our communities.【解析】【分析】这篇书面表达是描述老社区改造工程，话题较新。【详解】这是篇材料作文，所给的内容要点给的比较零碎，不完整，所以考生需要结合实际情况补充完整，是文章内容充实。在写作时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在能

29、力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，这样才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。5 你有没有因为没能好好管理时间而影响了学习的经历?请你写一篇文章谈谈这件事及你的看法。内容包括：1.你没完成学习任务的经历（事情，原因及后果）；2.针对如何管理好时间给出几点建议。作文要求：1.短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。3.词数80 个左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on mystudy.【

30、答案】Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my study.I had an experience like this. Last weekend, my good friend, Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game. It was interesting. So I spent more time on it. I forgot to do my homework in the end. My teachers and

31、parents were angry with me. I was also upset.How to make good use of our time? I think we should make a weekday plan. We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. It can help us to remember what we

32、have to do next. 【解析】 【详解】 这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如make good use of， lastweekend， how to do ， play a game， a kind of， spent more time on ， forget to do ， in the end， be angry with ， be going to do ， on the paper ， put up 等。而特殊非谓语动词结构Jimtaught me how to play a kind of computer game. 和 I think we s

33、hould make a weekday plan. /We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. /It can help us to remember what we have to do next. 等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻

34、辑性， 也更富有条理。【点睛】要求：1.除上图所给提示外，再写出两条如何学好汉语的建议;2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名；3.字数80词左右。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear David,6.假如你是李雷，彳的英国笔友David发邮件向你咨询如何学好汉语。请根据提示和要求用英语给David回复邮件。watch tnoYits书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理 后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要 尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得 到较高的分数。How

35、 io learn Chinese wellI ' m glad to receive your email. Here's some advice on how to learn Chinese well.Best wishes.Yours, Li Lei【答案】Dear David,I ' m glad to receive your email. Here' s some advice on how to learn Chinese well.It ' s a good idea to watch movies. You' ll find

36、it helpful to improve your listening skills. Readingalways plays a key role in language learning, so do more reading in your spare time.In my opinion, you ' d better make more Chinese friends. They' ll be glad to lend you a hand and itprovides a good chance for you to learn about Chinese cul

37、ture. It' s a wise choice to use your celphone, which allows you to use apps, QQ or WeChat to learn Chinese.Practice makes perfect, so do remember to keep practicing every day!Follow the advice, and I ' m sure you can learn Chinese well! Best wishes.Yours, Li Lei【解析】这是一篇提纲作文，让考生给英国笔友David写封回

38、信，就如何才能学好中文给QQ出建议。这需要我们发挥英语思维，将提供的信息用英语完整流畅的表达出来。写作需要 用第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时，内容要点包括：观看中文电影；阅读；另外至少再 写出两条建议，可自由发挥，如：学唱中文歌曲，交中国朋友，利用手机，应用程序，或微信来学习中文等等。建议信要写出写信的原因、建议的内容及提出建议的理由和根 据，理由要合情合理，语气一定要缓和，因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合 理性和说服力。7. 假如你叫李华，三年的初中生活即将结束，你将迎来漫长的暑假，你的笔友Peter写信来 询问你的暑假计划。请根据表格中所给的基本信息给你的笔友回信，告诉他你的暑假

39、计划。要求：1 .回信必须包含表格中的所有信息，并可适当发挥，字数在80字左右，开头和结尾不计入总字数。2 .回信中不得出现真实的人名和校名，否则将以零分计。3 .书面表达必须写在答题卡上，如在本卷上作答，一律不得分。Your planswhatwhyPlan onevisit grandparentsmiss themPlan twovisit Beijing and Shanghaiwant to open my eyesPlan threelearn senior （高中） English and math by myselfdream to go to a famous univers

40、ityDear peter,YoursLi Hua【答案】例文 Dear peter ,Thank you for your letter, in the letter, you asked me how I planned my summer vacation, now, let me tell you all about it.Firstly I will visit my grandparents as soon as I leave school, I haven' t see them for a long timiss them so much. Then , I am g

41、oing to take trip to Beijing and Shanghai to open up my eyes, as we all know, both cities are so beautiful and important, I believe I can learn a lot by travelling.After coming back, I will learn senior subjects by myself to get ready for the coming senior school, because I dream to go to a famous u

42、niversity.That ' s all about my plans, please write me soon and tell me about yours.YoursLihua【解析】【详解】本文分三个自然段。第一段点出文章主题you asked me how I planned my summer vacation,now, let me tell you all about it 。第二自然段用 Firstly, Then , After coming back 有序列出三 个计戈U。文章结尾用That' s all about my plans, please

43、 write me soon and tell me about yours 总结。另外，文中为第一人称，时态主要为一般将来时will visit my grandparents , I am goingto take trip , I will learn senior subjects 等。8 .假如你是李明，将参加今年暑期的澳大利亚悉尼新南威尔士语言学校的游学活动 (study tour),该项目的负责人 Mike给你发来了封电子邮件征询你对此次游学活动的想法和建议。请阅读以下信息，并回复一封电子邮件。Dear Li Ming,XVtE glad to know you*re comtn

44、g to our school for your study tour this summer holiday. Here are two host families for you to choose to live in: rhe (ireen familyold couple, no children, two dogsa flat. in the centre of Sydney Wi-fi 350 poundsThe fiiueA ftimify<i mid(11e-ageil couple, a junior school boy, a primary school girl

45、a house, link far Irom Sydney a garden 230 poundsL Which hosl fumily would you like Io choose? Why? (2-3 points)2. We can ofler you a buddy during your siay al our 就hooL Whal da you expect him4icr In do lo help you? (1-2 points)3. What would you like to do al weekends? Why? (I -2 points) 注意事项：1 .文章所

46、写内容必须包括邮件中的问题所涉及的所有信息。2 .文章要求语意通顺，条理清楚，书写规范，不能出现真实的姓名、校名等信息。3 .文章词数在100词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Sir/Madam,I ' m glad to receive your email and I have read it carefully. I have decided to live inI，m really looking forward to this study tour!Many thanks,Li Ming【答案】例文：Dear Sir/Madam,I m glad to rec

47、eive your email and I have read it carefully. I have decided to live in the Greenfamily. The old couple have no children but two dogs, so they will have more time tocommunicate with me in English and I can play with their pets as well. Their flat is in the centre ofSydney, so it s easy for me to go

48、around. I can also use t-hfietoWkieep in touch with my parents.My family can afford the cost of 350 pounds.I m lucky to have a buddy during my stay at your school. eI xpect him/her to help me with my problems in my study. I can chat with him/her in English to improve my speaking skills.I love histor

49、y so I want to visit some places of interest at the weekend. I m also curious alocal food and I want to have a taste.I m really looking forward to this study tour!Many thanks,Li Ming【解析】【详解】这是一篇应用作文，邮件内容要回答邮件中的三个问题，可分为三个段落进行回答。好单词：afford 负担得起好短语：communicate with 和交流as well 也keep in touch with 与保持联系expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人chat with和聊天place of interest 名胜古迹be curious about 对感至U好奇have a taste 尝一尝好句式：Their flat is in the centre of Sydney, so it's easy for me to go around. 他们的公寓在悉尼市