unit3_grammar_宾语从句与表语从句

1、Noun Clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于的作用相当于名词名词，因此主语从句、表语从句因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。和同位语。Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know

2、what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句That/wh-clause + v +主语从句主语从句S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表语从句表语从句S + vt + that/wh-clause宾语从句宾语从句S + vi + prep + wh-clause宾语从句宾语从句 ( (引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词): :从

3、属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+everthat, whether, ifwhen, where, how, why I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）什么是什么是宾语宾语？ I know him. Do you have the time? I think (

4、that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me? 宾语宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后位于谓语动词或者介词后一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，位置：通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动位置：通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。词）或介词之后。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. We can learn what we do not know. He will tal

5、k to us about what he saw in the U.S.A. I dont know where we will hold the meeting.二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态由从属连词由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句（一）引导词1 12 23 3e.g. I hear

6、 (that) _. He said (that) _. 1.The teacher told us (that) _ _. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由从属连词由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略省略around the sun引导宾语从句的引导宾语从句的that一般都可以省一般都可以省去，但是当及物动词后跟两个或两去，但是当及物动词后跟两个或两个以

7、上的宾语从句时，只有第一个个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。可以省略。 The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.that不能省略的不能省略的2种情况种情况（1）当）当that作介词作介词 宾语时宾语时They believe in that she must still be single. I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing. （2）用）用it做形式宾语的宾

8、语从句时做形式宾语的宾语从句时（ it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾）从句则放在句尾） I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. We heard it that she would get married next month.由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句I want to know _ _.2. Ask him

9、_. 3. I wonder _.4. Could you tell me_? if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or notif/ whether “是否是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在楚。常用在ask, wonder, can (could) you tell me 等后。等后。 whether(if) Mr Li lives here只能用只能用 whetherwhether不能用不能用

10、 if if 的情况的情况1. 在介词后面：在介词后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2. 在动词不定式前在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.) ： They asked me whether to go skating.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was d

11、oing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4. 宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I

12、dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether 由连接代词由连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词和连接副词 where ,how ,why, when引引导的宾语从句导的宾语从句1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_3. He asked_ who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose bike was the best in the class连接代词或副词连接主句和从句

13、，并连接代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。意义，不可省略。 4. Do you know _? 5. Please tell me _. 6. Can you tell me _? 7. Could you tell me _? when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分其他成分His b

14、rother asks when he will go to the library . 主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）否定的转移否定的转移 主语为第一人称，主句谓语动词为，主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，等， 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式句谓语用肯定式。翻译句子 I dont think this dress fits you well. I

15、dont think you are right. 我认为你今天无法完成工作我认为你今天无法完成工作。 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。我认为你是错的。 I dont believe you will finish the work today. I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow . 主句用现在时或将来时，从句可主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，用任何时态，根据实际情况而定根据实际情况而定。

16、2.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时（一般过去时，过去进对应的过去的某种时（一般过去时，过去进行时行时, ,过去将来时，过去完成时）过去将来时，过去完成时）vI knew who lived here. vI saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .3. 从句说明的是一般真

17、理、客观事实、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun.4. 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生作发生 在主句动作前，仍用一般过去在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960. I heard that he went to Paris last night.宾语从句三要素

18、时时 态态Summary (小结）小结）引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序常见的系动词分为三种：常见的系动词分为三种：A表示特征和状态：表示特征和状态： be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear等等 B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：表示由一类状态转为另一类状态： get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等等C表示某种状态的：表示某种状态的： remain, keep, prove, continue, stay等等表语从句表语从句表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语表语的名

19、的名词性从句，放在词性从句，放在系动词系动词之后之后我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.表语从句表示表语从句表示“是否是否” 只用只用“whetherwhether” 而不用而不用“ifif”试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this

20、the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?( (表从表从) )( (定从定从) )( (定从定从) )注意注意1：that / what的辨用的辨用1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.4.He told us _ he felt ill.WhatThatwhat（that） 5.The result is _ we

21、 won the game.6.This is _ we want to know.7. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. 8.The fact_ she works hard is well known to us all.thatwhatwhatthat9.His father is satisfied with _ he has done.10.The reason was _ Tod had never seen the million pound bank-note.whatthat 1.that在名词性从句中不充当任在名词性从句中不充当

22、任何成分，只起连接作用何成分，只起连接作用 2. what除起连接作用外，还在除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。从句的主语、宾语、或表语。Ruleswhether与与if的辨用的辨用1.Whether it is true remains a problem.2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true.3. He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony.4.It depends on whether we have got eno

23、ugh money. 5.The question is whether you should accept it. 6.The question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 7.I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 8.I dont know whether it is right or not. 1.在由形式主语在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在引导的主语从句及在vt后面的宾语从句中，表后面的宾语从句中，表“是否是否”， whether/if 都可以用；都可以用； 2.在前置主语从句

24、、表语从句、同位在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表表“是否是否”， 只能用只能用whether； 3.在在whether or not 和和whether to do 中中whether 不能换成不能换成ifRules1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A.