ENG生物化学绪论 - 副本

1、 BIOCHEMISTRY(BIOCHEMISTRY(生物化学生物化学) ) preface Instant Notes in BiochemistryInstant Notes in Biochemistry B.D.Hames&N.M.Hooper B.D.Hames&N.M.Hooper BIOS Scientific Publishers LimitedBIOS Scientific Publishers Limited，2003.2003. teaching material A.What is Biochemistry?B.Cells and their struc

2、ture.C.The main features of the living matters.D.The development of biochemistry. Key Notes Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena.Biological structures serve functional purposes.The main features of the living matters.A.What is Biochemistry?Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena. a.

3、 a. BiochemistryBiochemistry is a science whose is a science whose boundaries now encompass all aspects boundaries now encompass all aspects of biologyof biology，from moleculs to cellsfrom moleculs to cells，to organismsto organisms，to medicine to medicine ，and to and to ecology.ecology. b.Scientist

4、use the tools of biochemistry and b.Scientist use the tools of biochemistry and molecular biology to explore all aspects of an molecular biology to explore all aspects of an organism-from organism-from Basic questionsBasic questions about its about its chemical composition,the complexities of its ch

5、emical composition,the complexities of its metabolism,its diffrentiation and metabolism,its diffrentiation and development,its evolution and behavior.development,its evolution and behavior. Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological PhenomenaB.Cells and their structure.The most obvious quality of living o

6、rganisms is that they are complicated are highly organized. Biological structures serve functional purposes. Living systems are actively engaged in energy transformations. Living systems have a remarkable capacity for self-replication. Weak forces maintain biological stucture and determine biomolecu

7、lar interactions. a.The elemental composition of livinga.The elemental composition of livingC H O N S P Cl Ca K Na MgFe Cu Co Mn ZnAl As B Br Cr F Ga I Mo Se Si VForm covalent bondsfundamental elementsoligoelementsmicroelements b.Simple molecules aminoamino acid-acid- the units for protein.the units

8、 for protein. nucleotide monophosphate-nucleotide monophosphate- the units the units for nucleic acid.for nucleic acid. glycerin and fattyglycerin and fatty acid acid - the units - the units for fat.(fatty lipids)for fat.(fatty lipids) monosaccharidemonosaccharide - the units for - the units for pol

9、ysaccharide.polysaccharide.OCH2OHHOOHOHOHc.biomacromolecule(生物大分子）生物大分子） Proteins, sugar(carbohydrate), Proteins, sugar(carbohydrate), nucleic acids,lipids.nucleic acids,lipids.A strand of DNA53A polypeptide segmentA polysaccharide chain d.structure primary structureprimary structuresecondary struct

10、uresecondary structureTertiary structureTertiary structurequariernaryquariernary structure structure Biological structures serve functional purposes. Native ribonucleaseDenative reduced ribonucleaseNative ribonuclease8 M urea and -mercapotoethanolDialysis变性变性复性复性 Hydrogen bond Electrostatic interact

11、ion Vander Waals force离域键间的离域键间的电子重叠作用力电子重叠作用力 Hydrophobic interaction e.Biomolecular Recognition Is Mediated by Weak Chemical Forces. receptor substratumsupermoleculeorganellecellcell f.thef.the unit of life is the unit of life is the cell cell element moleculeC.The main features of the living matt

12、ers.a. Many kinds of molecules sugars,lipids, proteins and naucleic acids.b .melecule system is complex and regularization (Metabolism).c.Enzymes mediate cellular reactions d.ATP and NADPH represent chemically useful forms of stored energy.e.The importance of proteins and nucleic acids.important Car

13、bohydrate metabolism,Lipid metabolism,Nitrogen metabolism,Nucleic acid metabolism. proteins are the indispensable agents of biological function. Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes. 线虫线虫 GFPThe fluorescence (荧荧光）光）of nema(线虫线虫).20082008年诺贝尔化学奖年诺贝尔化学奖 北京时间北京时间1010月月8 8日下午日下午5 5点点4545分揭晓，分揭晓， 三位美国科

14、学家三位美国科学家美国美国Woods HoleWoods Hole海洋生物学实验室的海洋生物学实验室的Osamu Osamu ShimomuraShimomura（下村修）（下村修）哥伦比亚大学的哥伦比亚大学的Martin Martin ChalfieChalfie加州大学圣地亚哥分校的加州大学圣地亚哥分校的 Roger Y. Roger Y. TsienTsien （钱永（钱永健，钱学森的堂侄）健，钱学森的堂侄） 因发现并发展了绿色荧光蛋白（因发现并发展了绿色荧光蛋白（GFPGFP） 而获得该而获得该奖项。奖项。 Medusa(水母水母)荧光兔荧光兔Fluorescent rabbitD.

15、the development of the development of biochemistry(study by oneself)biochemistry(study by oneself) a.a.生化发展生化发展(the development of biochemistry)(the development of biochemistry)b.b.生化的发展前景生化的发展前景(the front development of (the front development of biochemistry)biochemistry)homework1. Name four classe

16、s of small biomolecules. In what larger biomolecules are they found?2. What are the common types of chemical reactions found in living cells?3.Life on earth arose from nonliving molecules. Life is highly organized, and nonliving materials are disorganized. Is this seemingly spontaneous increase in organization a violation of the second law of thermodynamics? Explain.Reference book(参考书目) Bi