十大词类 (2)

1、十大词类、八种成分、五种基本句型1、词类：名类、代词、动词、连词、介词、冠词、形容词、副词、数词、感叹词。1.1 名词：noun n.eg: book, China, class, ink, courage名词： 可数名词（countable noun） 不可数名词（ uncountable noun ）名词： 专有名词：Chian, Mr Smith, the Yellow River 个体名词：book, school, student普通名词 集体名词：class, family, team 物质名词：ink, paper, water 抽象名词：courage, praise, bea

2、uty注：名词的类别不是一层不变的，它们会根据词义的变化和场合在不同而相互转换。如：Our school is not far from my home. (具体n)I often go to school at six. (抽象n)1.2 代词：pronounpron eg: I, you, his, mine, one, this代词分类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词。1.2.1 单数复数人称代词（主格）IyouhesheitweyouThey人称代词（宾格）形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词1.2.2 指示代词：this/t

3、hat these/those such/ sameSuch is Albert Einstein. Our views are the same.1.2.3 相互代词：one another; each other1.2.4 不定代词：all, both, each, either, neither, another, other, some, any, many, much, few, little, more, one以及some, any, no, every构成的合成词。some oneany + bodyno thingevery1.2.5 疑问代词：引起特殊疑问句who, who

4、m, whose, which, what1.2.6 关系代词：引导定语从句He is the boy Who was named Tom. Who name was Tom. Whom /that Tom met.1.2.7 连接代词：引导名词性从句who, whom, whose, which, whatWho will go there is what you must decide.1.3 动词：verb实义动词动词及物动词：vt eg: see, eat, study不及物动词：vi eg: look, come, arrive, run连系动词： link verb: be 表感官

5、的系动词look, smell, taste, feel, seem, sound, appear 表状态变化的：become, grow, get, turn, go, fall, prove 表保持状态的：keep, remain, stand, lie助动词：do, does, did shall, will, have, had, be情态动词：can, must, may, will, should, ought to1.4 连词：conjunctionconj. 并列连词：and, bothand, not onlybut also, notbut, neithernor, eit

6、heror, or, but, for, while, when从属连词：引导状语从句when, while, as, if, because, so that1.5 介词：prep注：介词要带宾语，不及物v后要加上介词才能带宾如：look at, wait for, arrive at /in1.6 冠词：article art 冠词定冠词：the 不定冠词：a, an1.7 形容词：adjective adj eg: beautiful, good1.8 副词：adverb adv eg: well, quite, off1.9 副词：number num基数词：one, two, one

7、 hundred序数词：first, sixth, one hundredth分数词：onethird, fivesevenths小数和百分数：0.5: zero point five 3.56%: three point fiftysix percent 40%：forty percent1.10 感叹词：interjection enter eg: My God2、八种句子成分主语、谓语（只由动词充当）、表语、宾语、定语、补语、同位语、状语I 五种基本句型1. Mr Brown is1.主语+系动词+表语+n +pron +adj+adv+ing+ed+prep（短语）+to do+tha

8、t从句+wh-从句英语中常用的系动词有： be(am, is are/was, were) look, seem, appear feel, sound, smell, taste rest, promise, fall keep, remain, hold, continue lie, sit, stand prove (tobe)=turn out (tobe)an engineer.one of the most famous musicians.very modest and honest.away on mising (有前途的)wounded in that

9、battle.in good health.to go abroad for further study.2. The problem is that he cant attend the conference.3. That is why we decided to put the discussion of.4. The question is what we should do first.5. The theory sounds reasonable.6. The theory sounds reasonable.7. We should not rest satisfied with

10、 what we have achieved.8. He seems quite happy with the work.试比较 The apple tastes delicious.（系表结构） He tastes the delicious apple.（动宾结构）2、主语+不及物动词+ X adv prep 短语 to do ing adv性补助词The traveler has arrived. has gone abroad /home. has gone to the United States. has gone to see this nephew(外甥) has gone s

11、wimming. has gone away.3、主语+及物动词+宾语I dont know n pronthat从句Wh+词+to doWh+词+从句试比较He expects to see you（宾语）He comes to see you(状语)试比较He wants to come to see you.He keeps practicing speaking English1.the strange.them.that he comes from London.what to do with the matter.how to translate the book into Spa

12、nish.whether he will come before long.whether to leave or stay. I want to collect stamps. I enjoy collecting stamps.4.1 主语+及物动词+间宾(sb)+直宾(sth)=直宾(sth) to 间宾(sb.)（常用此结构的动词有：give, hand, lend, post, promise, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw, write, owe, pass, bring, read, do, offer, bring等）1.

13、 He shows me a book-He shows a book to me.2. I send him a telegram-I send a telegram to him.3. He lent his computer to me- He lent me his computer.4. I gave him some money-I gave some money to him.5. He told me a funny story-He told a funny story to me.4.2主语+及物动词+sb+sth.=sth for sb 试比较（常用此结构的动词有：buy

14、 build, paint, call, choose, cook, cut, do, fetch, get, keep, draw, make, order(定购) , prepare, save等。1. He drew a picture for me-He drew me a picture.2. He bought her a novel- He bought a novel for her.3. Please fetch me some chalk-Please fetch some chalk for me.4. Please choose me a new tie-Please

15、choose a new tie for me. Ill write a letter to(给)you. Ill write a letter for(替)you.4.3 主语+及物动词+to sb sth=sth to sb（常用此结构的动词有：introduce, present suggest, mention, announce, say, express, report explain等）1. He explains to me the matter-He explains the matter to me.2. Ill introduce to you the book-Ill

16、introduce the book to you.3. He expressed to me his thanks-He expressed his thanks to me.但He asked me a question=He asked a question of meI put him a question =I put a question to him. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 n adj. adv ing ed to be Prep（短语）I found hera famous poet.very anxious.fond of music.out the other

17、day.working in the company.wounded in the accident.(to be) honest.to go that way.in poor health.II 十大词类词类意义在句中作语例示n名词表示人或事物的名称主（表、宾、定、补、同位）语1. Our monitor(主语)is reading a novel written by Dickens.2. Alice is our monitor(表语). I invite our monitor(宾语)to dinner.3. Alice, our monitor(同位语), will attend t

18、he conference.4. We elected her our monitor(宾语补足语)5. Our monitor is talking to a woman(定语)writer.Prun- 代词代替名词、数词等主（表、宾、定、同位）语I (主语)bought these(定语)books, so theyre mine(表语)and I teach them(宾语)myself(同位语).adj-形容词表示人或事物的性质和特征定（表、补）语等1. We love our beautiful(定语)school.2. Our school is beautiful(表语).3.

19、We want to make our school more beautiful(补语).adv-副词表示动作或性状的特征作状语、表语修饰动词、形容词、副词1. We should constantly(状语)review our lessons.2. The doctor is treating the patient who is seriously(状语)ill.3. They are getting on very(状语)well with each other.4. I must be off (表语)now because I have much work to see to.n

20、um 数词表示数量和顺序主（表、宾、定）语1. Eight(主语)plus zero(宾语)is eight(表语).2. One fifth(主语)of the workers have worked for eight(定语)years.verb 动词表示动作或状态谓语1. We appreciate(及物动词)what you have done for us.2. Time and tide wait(不及物动词)for no man.3. Mr Brown is(系动词)an excellent engineer.4. The situation seems(系动词)quite normal in my opinion.5. She has been(助动词)studying