性别预算概念原则和工具

1、Gender-Responsive Budget:Concepts, principles and purposes$United Nations Development ProgrammeRegional Centre in Colombo Serving Asia and the PacificNational BudgetThrough the budget policies are transformed from “paper promises” into practice. The national budget demonstrates the countrys prioriti

2、es and values in terms of the sectors, population groups, and geographic locations.National Budgetis a policy tool that demonstrates a governments political commitment can make evident that government spending is responsive to the demands of poverty reductionNational Budget can increase accountabili

3、ty and transparency in public expenditure management may impact differently on different individuals men, women, boys, girls, older persons, youth, persons with disabilities, etc.National Budget Why the need for integrating a gender perspective? Budgets are not gender neutral, but are perceived as n

4、eutral in their impacts on the lives and empowerment of women and men and different groups of women and men. Budgets too often ignore womens social and economic contribution.National Budget Why the need for integrating a gender perspective? Women and men have different priorities, needs and concerns

5、, and contribute differently to the society, due to their socially assigned gender roles. The way a government raises and spends money can have both positive and negative impact on women and men, and their power relationship.National Budget Why the need for integrating a gender perspective? Budgets

6、are too often formulated, presented, implemented and audited on an assumption that their impact is felt by everyone in the same way. The way a government raises and spends money can have both positive and negative impact on women and men, and their power relationship.Gender-Responsive Budget Also kn

7、own as Gender Budget /Gender- Sensitive Budget /Gender Budget Work /Gender Budgeting /Gender-Aware Budget /Gender Budget Initiative /Gender Budget Analysis An effective gender mainstreaming tool Has been implemented in over 60 countries since mid-1980s in one form or anotherGender-Responsive Budgeti

8、s an approach designed to mainstream the gender dimension into all stages of the budget cycle is the analysis of the impact of any form of public expenditure or method of raising revenues on women and girls as compared to men and boyscan take into account other categories of inequality such as age,

9、religious or ethnic affiliation, or the place of residence (urban/rural, different provinces), which can then be incorporated into gender responsive analysisGender-Responsive Budgetis not about whether an equal amount is spent on women and men, but whether the spending is adequate to womens and mens

10、 needscomprises the drawing up of proposals designed to reprioritise expenditures and revenues, taking into account the different needs and priorities of women and menresults eventually in gender responsive budgets but NOT in a separate budget for womenGender-Responsive Budget and the Beijing Platfo

11、rm for ActionWomen and PovertyStrategic objective A1: Review, adopt and maintain macroeconomic policies and development strategies that address the needs and efforts of women in poverty.Gender-Responsive Budget and the Beijing Platform for ActionWomen and PovertyAction to be taken: 58. By government

12、s:d) Restructure and target the allocation of public expenditures to promote womens economic opportunities and equal access to productive resources and to address the basic social, educational and health needs of women, particularly those living in poverty.Gender-Responsive Budget and the Beijing Pl

13、atform for ActionF. Women and the EconomyStrategic objective F1: Promote womens economic rights and independence, including access to employment, appropriate working conditions and control over economic resources.Gender-Responsive Budget and the Beijing Platform for ActionF. Women and the EconomyAct

14、ions to be taken:165. By governments:i) Facilitate, at appropriate levels, more open and transparent budget processes.Gender-Responsive Budget and the Beijing Platform for ActionFinancial arrangements:345. Full and effective implementation of the Platform for Action, ., will require a political comm

15、itment to make available human and financial resources for the empowerment of women. This will require the integration of a gender perspective in budgetary decisions on policies and programmes, as well as the adequate financing of specific programmes for securing equality between women and men.Gende

16、r-Responsive Budget and the Beijing Platform for Action345. (continued) To implement the Platform for Action, funding will need to be identified and mobilized from all sources and across all sectors. The reformulation of policies and reallocation of resources may be needed within and among programme

17、s, but some policy changes may not necessarily have financial implications. Mobilization of additional resources, both public and private, including resources from innovative sources of funding, may also be necessary.Gender-Responsive Budget and the Beijing+5 (23rd GA Special Session)73. Incorporate

18、 a gender perspective into the design, development, adoption and execution of all budgetary processes, as appropriate, in order to promote equitable, effective and appropriate resource allocation and establish adequate budgetary allocations to support gender equality and development programmes that

19、enhance womens empowerment and develop the necessary analytical and methodological tools and mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation.Gender-Responsive Budget: Goals To help achieve gender equality and advance womens human rights. To raise awareness of the gender issues of budgets and programmes. To

20、 promote transparency and accountability of the gender impacts of government budgets.Gender-Responsive Budget: Goals To change and/or adjust programmes and budgets to promote gender equality. To reprioritize rather than an increase in overall government expenditure or a change in the sectoral alloca

21、tions.Gender-Responsive Budget: Dimensions to be considered households and individuals care economy public employment users of publicly funded services transfers from the government to households time use patterns decision-makingGender-Responsive Budget: Stakeholders to be involved Ministry of Finan

22、ce National Planning Commission Local government National machinery for womens empowerment and gender equality Researchers StatisticiansGender-Responsive Budget: Stakeholders to be involved Economists Civil society organisations Media DonorsGender-Responsive Budget:What it can doAssists in Impactass

23、essmentEnhances auditingMonitors &EvaluatespolicyManagesimplementationUtilizes human resources to their full potentialAssists planningPromotes equityPrioritizes needs/allocation of resourcesGender-SensitiveBudgetGender-Responsive Budget:How it helps achieving gender equality Highlights implicit

24、and explicit gender issues and concerns Actively addresses gender gaps in budget allocations Ensures that government resources are allocated where they are most needed for the benefit of allGender-Responsive Budget:How it helps achieving gender equality Answers to a question: “In what ways are the p

25、olices and their associated resource allocations likely to reduce or increase gender inequalities? Assists in monitoring and evaluating government expenditure against gender & development commitment Gender-Responsive Budget:How it helps the economic efficiency Gender inequality is inefficient. G

26、RB can contribute to equity and economic efficiency by articulating inputs, activities, outputs and outcomes of government interventions and essential feedback for making adjustments.Gender-Responsive Budget:How it helps good governance GRB can help Governments better understand the impacts of their

27、 activities on the welfare of particular population groups, particularly the disadvantaged and vulnerable groups.Gender-Responsive Budget:Processes and Initiatives GRB is a combination of multi-level, long-term, and context-specific interventions involving multiple activities. GRB should not be seen

28、 as a stand-alone activity. It should be conceptualised in the context of the larger environment in which GRB is situated and operated.Gender-Responsive Budget:Processes and Initiatives Advocacy/sensitization Gender equality assessment Gender Budget Analysis Networking/Consultation/Lobbying Capacity

29、 Building Target-Setting Gender-Responsive Budget Formats Monitoring & Evaluation Feeding into New Budgets Gender-Responsive Budget:Processes and Initiatives Actors (e.g. Governments, civil society organisations, parliamentarians, researchers) Scope of the exercise (e.g. national-local, expendit

30、ure, all or selected portfolios) Activities (e.g. monitoring and evaluation, research, advocacy, training) Target groups (e.g. government officials, parliamentarians) Methods and tools appliedGender-Aware Medium-Term Economic Policy/Expenditure Framework An appropriate approach when planning a budge

31、t for bringing about social and behavioural changes, such as gender equality A useful strategy for an output-based / performance-oriented public expenditure management Provides an opportunity to change underlying assumptions about the social and institutional setting for economic planningGRB - Essential ingredients Gender equality policy commitment High-level political leadership and commitment Country