浅谈中西方礼貌异同及其根源

1、目 录摘 要1Abstract2引 言31 了解中西方礼貌差异的重要性32 中西方礼貌差异的表现32.1对待夸奖和祝贺的差异32.2社交应酬的差异32.3称呼语的差异32.4日常寒暄语的差异42.5谦虚与客套的差异42.6致谢语的差异42.7小费的差异43 造成这些差异的根源43.1中西方的礼貌原则43.2等级观念53.3个性化差异5参考文献6致 谢6（全部英文，格式已发）浅谈中西方礼貌异同及其根源摘 要礼貌原则是我们交际中的最高原则，它是会话中合作原则的完善，是使交际和谐的润滑剂。由于英汉文化存在差异，不同文化背景的人在言语交际中所遵循的礼貌原则的侧重点不同。本文根据中西方的自身特点阐述了中

2、西方礼貌的几方面差异的表现，并说明了其产生差异的根源。关键词：礼貌；中西方；差异AbstractPoliteness principle in communication is our highest principle, it is the conversation cooperation principle is to make perfect, harmonious communication lubricant. Due to cultural differences, people from different cultural backgrounds in verbal commu

3、nication the politeness principle different emphases. According to the western oneself characteristic elaborated western manners and several differences in performance, and illustrates the differences in the causes of.Key words: politeness; Chinese and western the difference; Primed wordsUnderstandi

4、ng of the similarities and differences of Chinese and Western Politeness in cross-cultural communication, people will be able to smooth exchange of information, to avoid misunderstanding and contradiction in favor of nation, various nationalities peaceful coexistence and harmonious development. This

5、 article through to the Chinese and Western Politeness contrastive analysis, hope people to enhance communication skills, intercultural interaction in the process of reducing the unnecessary misunderstanding and contradiction.1 understand the importance of differences in politeness between Chinese a

6、nd WesternPoliteness is not only a common phenomenon in human society, is a symbol of human civilization, is the human society activity is an important yardstick, and to some extent reflects the personal moral cultivation. Because of cultural differences, different people have different understandin

7、g of politeness, followed by the politeness principle and the way of evaluation also differs very far. Understanding of Chinese and Western Politeness difference, can make both countries people better use of politeness principle to achieve the purpose of communication, thereby forming a harmonious i

8、nterpersonal atmosphere, make communication better implementation, so that we do better expression, the establishment of harmonious social relationships, happy life.2differences in politeness between Chinese and western performance2.1praise and congratulations to the differencePraise is the life of

9、the lubricant, the need in the life of others, give a person rose, fragrance in hand. For others, the result of your praise and become more luster, to him, you have your own relationship opens a bumpy road. When people praise you, Chinese is a habit. While the Westerners more frank, heard praising t

10、hem, will be the first to say "thank you", if have different view, use" but" to turn. In cross-cultural communication, both sides does not understand these, can produce misunderstanding. Chinese think of the common people too have a high opinion of oneself, and British and Americ

11、an people think Chinese talk insincerely, or too outspoken.2.2social intercourse differencesChinese people in social intercourse, speak directly, sometimes it's not the attention of others face. But the western country to do better. If you are in a party dress, a newly bought skirt and chat with

12、 people. B walked over to a greeting . "Your skirt is very beautiful!". Hearing this, a sure will be very happy to B maintained a friendly attitude, because B social respect a positive face. If a bad mood of sitting in the office, just B also comes to work, when I see a state, on a" B

13、 here?". Two simple words stop entertainment B both expressed to colleagues in the care, and didn't say much make a feel more tired, respect a negative face.2.3said the differenceIn western countries, people mutual call and our habits vary greatly. Some names in Chinese it seems perverse, i

14、mpolite, uncouth. For example: the children to grandparents called grandpa and grandma, but by their first name, is graceful, gracious. In Chinese, we can use the" teacher, secretary, manager, engineer, director of" and the surname is used as titles, while in English, but can not, we canno

15、t say" Teacher Zhang" ( Zhang )," engineer Wu" ( Wu Engineer ). The correct term is to be in accordance with the British and American people accustomed to Mr. Mrs, Miss, and name (name ), respect and politeness.2.4 daily greetings differencesChinese often talk is usually:" h

16、ow old are you?"" how much money do you make?". In English culture, age, work unit, address, income, marriage, family, faith and other topic belongs to personal privacy, taboo others asked. American Greetings most frequent topic is the weather conditions or prediction. In addition Chi

17、nese two friends are very long time again, will often ask" the home how"," salary have rose", and some other practical life and related topics.2.5humble and polite differencesWestern thinking and ways of doing things more Oriental is simple, its language characteristics can be su

18、mmarized as" self"," words without words", namely:" is" is" is"," not" is" not", such as: to the master's house for dinner, if you feel full, on the say" eat", not full, he said" not satisfied". In contrast, Oriental

19、 people especially the Chinese language to express the meaning is more complex, often depending on the occasion, sometimes" quite different"," was" phenomenon, such as: to the master's house for dinner, even if not feel satisfied, but also to master said, you are full, to exp

20、ress politeness and reduce the master trouble.2.6 thanks to language differencesIn western countries, thank you / thanks available everywhere, especially in the service industry, such as stores, hotels, railway stations, airports and other. Because the automatic, polite, mechanical thanks except, as

21、 a courtesy, most of the time is a recognized: the recognition of the services, the conversation end recognition. Chinese words of gratitude for the Hui people were indeed, few Western culture in the ceremony, more sincere. Therefore, in some of our industry, especially the service industry, with ou

22、r own social and cultural norms of politeness, the other is to work within the scope of their duties, there is no need to say thank you. Our emphasis on collectivism culture, family members, close relatives and good friends be considered themselves to be an integral part of the" self", hel

23、p each other, behoove, if say thank you, but a stranger.2.7 tips for the differencesTip originated in London in eighteenth Century, is intended to ensure the rapid service, later evolved into the tip for service personnel and pay remuneration. Tip is introduced from the West since our country, indus

24、try and academia to tip the nature of continuous debate. People in the west especially respect of beauty, hairdressing, cosmetics, beauty, massage, massage the manual service industry workers, once the service satisfaction, tipping never mean. Ordinarily, the manual service in western countries are

25、of high consumption industry, if some Chinese, would have cut the package, but also give10%-20% tip. But you be hardly worthy of belief, many foreigners will pay extra fee for the tip, sometimes even consume one or two times the amount of.The cause of these differences in the root of33.1Chinese and

26、Western Politeness PrincipleIn cross-cultural communication, Chinese and western people in different language, expressed in different ways, ways of thinking are different, so we observe the politeness principle is not the same. Its western social differences mainly in the praise of answers, Westerne

27、rs in praise of others, modest and not belittle oneself, they will accept the praise thank each other, while Chinese people often use negation to belittle oneself.The western culture from ancient Greek philosophy and Christian influences, all the pursuit of equality, freedom, independence. Therefore

28、, the Western cultural values in the expression of individualism, for them, personal interests, rights, privacy, freedom are inviolable. Therefore, in the Chinese traditional values under the guidance of the politeness principle and cooperative behavior, will often let Westerners feel" hypocris

29、y, dishonesty, not polite".3.2hierarchyWe have said in the Western sense of hierarchy, broadly speaking, refers to the common people 's subjective consciousness, people will see all things, according to the status of classification, and gives high grade are specific power and honor. Specifi

30、cally, refers to the human society, according to the origin, social status and social achievement level standard, will be divided into different levels, high level persons in the society have more power and honor society. In fact, our country the sense of hierarchy and is not very clear, with respec

31、t to our country, the western countries rank idea ingrained, so they and the Chinese thought contrasts. Another is China 's5000-year history of multi ethnic country. Chinese traditional culture origin with Confucianism, with all classes of authors of the school culture. The characteristic of tra

32、ditional culture is the emphasis on the overall qualitative thinking mode, this and Western culture emphasizes individual local empirical mode of thinking is not the same. The main western Christian culture. In the Confucianist philosophy system emphasizes is slim, family, country, the world is flat

33、. The first is practices moral culture first, also is fastidious the moral culture; the western philosophy thought emphasis is the analysis, separately has formed the focus of holistic thinking or the individual thought difference.3.3individual differencesThe sage Confucius well reveal the ethics cr

34、eation. He thinks, every normal human growth, thanks to the childhood of our parents care and love. The skin of children have a sense of hunger, natural need parental caress, long-term since, formed a kind of physiological needs. While the parents of the children physiological needs, but also let th

35、e children psychologically dependent on parental care needs; in this way, children and parents on the psychological care for each other, have a deep emotional interaction, from the physical to the psychological, from psychology to ethics, accompanied by Confucian become show learn, become country of

36、 study the individual psychology, gradually turned into a kind of national psychology, and by the individual ethics, acting as the whole nation's social ethics.Westerners personality, Oriental ethics, should be the material reflects the personality differences between East and west. From the lan

37、guage point of view, we express ourselves vocabulary has several? It is obvious to" I" and" we". English words to express self vocabulary is so rich, such as the subject position of" I" with" me" object, "my" and" mine" not to say" we, our, ourself". Notably there is a word" self", which is relative to the others and the society of an object exists, this is the objective understanding of self, and the Chinese have no. More terrible is the word "I", in any place