2022年牛津深圳版中考英语阅读理解之--主旨大意解题技巧

1、中考英语阅读理解之-主旨大意解题技巧 命题形式主要有：常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：The text is mainly about _.The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is _.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last/xx paragraph?What would be the best title /headline for the text?This article mainly tells about the story of _.What

2、is the topic of the text?The subject discussed in this text is _.What does the second paragraph discuss?The paragraph (passage) deals with _.What is mainly discussed in the text?解题技巧：主旨题不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题，要注意1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为怎么样”的观点。2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。比答案的

3、原则是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的。3、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。5、“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。 一，文章或者某段落的主旨大意主题句定位法：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。主题呈现的方式：1 开门见山式：主题句出现

4、在文首In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.题目：

5、What does this passage mainly talk about？A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.2 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾On the Internet, we can read news a

6、t home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. Whats more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball ma

7、tches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. 题目：Whats the main idea of the passage？A. Keep away from the Internet. B. Surf the net. C. The Internet is p

8、laying an important part in our daily life. D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet. 3.首尾呼应式： 在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for

9、war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal isThere are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the la

10、crosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio. At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.题目：The passage is mainly about . A. How to Play Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The History of Lacrosse D. LacrosseA Popular Gam

11、e in Canada4.抛砖引玉式： 文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environmentsmostly for entertainment purposesis fair and respectful？Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “co

12、llections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats (栖息地). Zoos claim (声称) to educate people and save endangered species(物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.Actually, we will save endangere

13、d species only if we save their habitat and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.题目： What does the author try to argue in the passage？A.Zoos are not worth the public support.B.Zoos fail in their

14、 attempt to save animals.C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.5 藏龙卧虎式： 即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactl

15、y when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each others hands to make a deal or to reach an

16、agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Lets shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.题目：The first paragraph mainly tells us _. A. where handshaking was first practicedB. how handshaking came aboutC. about the relat

17、ionship between handshaking and tradeD. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China二、选择最好的标题选帽原则：像帽子一样，大小合适才行。另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要具有醒目的特点，能吸引读者。在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误： 概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小); 过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围); 以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。 He wishes the holiday season would end alre

18、ady. His back aches, his red suit feels like a spacesuit, his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours The questions from children these days are harder than ever. Now, with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan, the questions are as heart-breaking

19、 as they are unanswerable. For example, “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning？”Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控)题目：What would be the best title for the passage？ AChristmas: Not a Good Festival for Santas BIs Santa Claus Really Alive？ CA

20、Christmas Story DWhat Does Santa Claus Do for Children？【课堂跟踪练习】 A Why play games? Because they are fun, and we can learn even more while playing. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member these are all “game” ideas that you will come across all through your life. They can

21、 help you in different ways. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are very interesting. But perhaps more importantly, they translate part of life into exciting games that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expe

22、cted to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作). Many childrens games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which improves

23、the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in fishing. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the event (比赛项目) know that a gold medal is a win for the whole country, not just the athlete who go

24、t it. For countries experiencing natural disasters (灾害) or wars, an Olympic win can mean so much. Sports games are also an event that unites (团结) people. Football is the most popular sport in the world. People all over the world play it some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Calif

25、ornian football player, has discovered a way to spread hope through football. He created a foundation (基金会) to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a bright future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether

26、these skills will help you in other parts of your life. 1Whats the main idea of the passage? A. Games can help people in different ways. B. People are advised to play games for fun. C. An Olympic win means a lot to every country.D. Sports can get people all over the world together. B Ask someone wha

27、t they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost mention recycling, which is the process (过程) of treating used things, such as paper or steel so that they can be used again. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we alrea

28、dy have more things than we need. We are now dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the possible greenest way, but it would be far better if we did not bring so many things home in the first place. Here is an example. In the UK, the total of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and

29、2005. It now makes up a third of a households waste. In many supermarkets, foods are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard. Too much packaging causes serious environmental problems. The UK is running out of different kinds of ways for dealing with this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is bur

30、nt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect (效果). Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The best way of avoiding this problem is to stop producing such unnecessary things in the first place. Food waste is another serious problem, too. Too many supermar

31、kets encourage customers (消费者) to buy more than they need. They seldom encourage customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to conne

32、ct packaging with quality (质量). We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. Is it true for all the products? In fact, more and more companies realized the importance of protecting the environment. They try to package what really should be packaged, including products in go

33、od quality. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize how many unnecessary things are being collected. We need to face the waste of our daily life. Although many people have taken action to recycle, we have a high mountain to climb.1. What is the main purpose of the second paragraph? A. To

34、show the facts of over-used packaging.B. To talk about the possible greenest ways.C. To teach people how to do recycling at home.D. To express worries about environmental problems. 2. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Supermarkets should recycle first. B. Packaging causes serious problems.

35、C. Needless things are mostly recycled. D. Recycling should be done in the first place. C If you get a chance to check out some railroad tracks, notice the gaps or separations between the rails. (Dont get run over by a train!) Thermal expansion and contraction is why those gaps are placed there that

36、 way, and why expansion joints are placed in long highway bridges. Youve probably felt expansion joints on old concrete highways. Remember the “thumpthump” sound as you rode over them?1. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Why thermal expansion is on the tracks and highways.B. How to check r

37、ailroad tracks and concrete highways.C. Why railroads and highways are built that way.D. How to remember the “thumpthump” sound. 【课堂跟踪练习】 A The teacher stood before his class of 30 students and was going to hand out the final exam papers“I know how hard you have all worked to get ready for this test

38、” he said“And because I know you are all able to understand these questionsI am ready to offer a B to anyone who would prefer not to take the test A number of students jumped up to thank the teacher and left the classroomThe teacher looked at the rest students and said“Does anyone else want to get a

39、 B? This is your last chance”Two more students decided to goSeven students stayedThe teacher then handed out the papersThere were only three sentences on the paper： Congratulations! You have received an A in this classKeep believing in yourself I never had a teacher who gave a test like that，but I t

40、hink that it is a test that any teacher could and should giveStudents who do not have confidence in what they have learned are B students at most The same is true for students in real lifeThe A students are those who believe in what they are doing because they have learned from both successes and fa

41、iluresThey have learned lifes lessonswhether from school education or from events in their lives，and have become better peopleScientists say that by the age of eight，80% of what we believe about ourselves has already been formedYou are a big kid now and you realize that you have some limits(局限)Howev

42、er，there is nothing you cant do or learn to beSir Edmund Hillary, the first person to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma (珠穆朗玛峰)said，“We do not conquer the mountain,but ourselves.”1What does the writer want to tell us in the passage? ATo know what our limits are B. To learn to believe in ourselves CTo receive school education DTo1earn from B students B If the rose can be said to be a special flower, then the apple can be said to be a special fruit. It is very important in American culture. American stories speak