TheCultureofAustralia

1、The Culture of Australia AustraliaCommonwealth of Australia Population Population : 22.5 million AustralianEnglishIrishScottishItalianGermanChineseGreekOthers3787Australian foreign immigration rank first in the world Language Australia has no official language English is so entrenched t

2、hat it has become the de facto national language Italian Chinese Cantonese (粤语) , mandarin（普通话） Greek Arabic Vietnamese（越南语） Australian Aboriginal Languages Pitta Pitta languageAyapathu languageRingu-RinguRakayaNgulupuluKaranjaKunkalanjaMayawarli (Maiawali)Pitta Pitta language Ayapathu language (Cap

3、e York)WritteningWritteningAboriginal historyAboriginal historyKoala Native Bearo In Aboriginal language: Doesnt drinkoFood:eucalypt leavesAboriginal historyKangaroo o In Aboriginal language: I dont understand youo Food:grassAboriginal historyWhen the English arrived in 1770 colonization started whi

4、ch later meant that Australia would no longer be the Aboriginals country. The English started a penalty expedition against them and they where forced to leave there homes in order not to be killed. Aboriginal historyAboriginal children:o could not go to schoolo did not have a right to voteo could no

5、t own any land o were not counted in population censuses. o If an Aboriginal got a job, he/she could not take it without certain permission and the salary was paid to a protector, as it was called.o The ones who where living in reservations had to work about 32 hours a week without any payment at al

6、lo if an Aboriginal was considered to be lazy or provocative, this person would be punished by being arrested or get sent away to some prison island for an indefinite time.Aboriginal historyThe Stolen ChildrenOne part in Aboriginal history is called the Stolen Children where the white people forcibl

7、y transferred children between 4 and 7 years old to foster homes and institutions and cut off all family tiesIn reality the boys most often became farmers and earned very little and the girls became nannies or had to work in a white household, often without any salary.Aboriginal historyThe Turning P

8、oint 1962 - The right to vote.1967 - Aboriginals would be included in population cencuses1968 - Aboriginal farmers got the right of a minimum wage.1982 - The first land conveyance was made and an Aboriginal tribe on Cape York could purchase land.Aboriginals todayEDUCATIONPoor study resultshome situa

9、tions - weak economy, long periods of illnesses and low self-esteem.Being bullied and harassed in school because of their origin leads to many of them dropping out of school. LanguageEnglish is the second language for many Aboriginals and in Australian schools English is the language of communicatio

10、n.Aboriginals todayCRIMINALITYA study showed that the Aboriginals were 1.5% of the Australian population. Out of the whole population in Australia, 15% were Aboriginals in prison, 25% were Aboriginals who die in custody and 30% were Aboriginals who are arrested by the police. If the same person comm

11、its a crime again he/she is sentenced to 3 months in prison and the third time the person commits a crime he/she is sentenced to a year in prison. Even if this law is the same for everyone, Aboriginal and white Australian, it is more likely that Aboriginals are affected by this, considering their po

12、or situations at home, in school, alcohol and drug abuseIndigenous peopleoAboriginal people had a long history of contact with seafarers from outside Australia.oAlthough Australia is a multiculture country, its culture is mainly based on indigenous culture. Belief systemsThere are three main forms o

13、f Australian indigenous peoples unique religious belief Totem Worship Witchcraft PantheismTotem Worshipo Every clan has its own totem; usually the totems are animals or plants. They believe that there is some special relationship between themselves and the totem.o They even regard the totem as thems

14、elves. In fact, they show respect to the totem. They seldom conflict for the land. All their conflicts can be attributed to the desecration of their totem.Witchcrafto The indigenous peoples are weak in front of the nature. In that case, they believe in super power. They think that witchcraft can con

15、trol the world and bring out miracles.o They think that any diseases or death are caused by some secret witchcraft of somebody else who hates them.PantheismThe indigenous peoples also believe in god. When they cannot explain a phenomenon, they usually turn to god for help. But unlike other races, th

16、ey believe in Pantheism.Australian Aboriginal astronomy Australian Aboriginal astronomy is a name given to indigenous Australian culture relating to astronomical subjects such as the Sun and Moon, the stars, planets, and the Milky Way, and their motions on the sky. Because the Australian Aboriginal

17、culture is the oldest continuous culture in the world, it is probable that the Australian Aboriginal people are the worlds oldest astronomers.One of the earliest records of indigenous astronomy was made by William Edward Stanbridge, an Englishman who emigrated to Australia in 1841 and befriended the

18、 local people.Some Aboriginal groups use the motions of celestial bodies for calendar purposes. Many attribute religious or mythological meanings to celestial bodies and phenomena. There is a diversity of astronomical traditions in Australia, each with its own particular expression of cosmology. How

19、ever, there appear to be common themes and systems between the groups.The main content of astronomyo Emu in the skyo Canoe in Orion o Pleiades o Milky Way and other stars o Sun and Moon o Eclipses o Venus The Aboriginal Emu in the sky. In Western astronomy terms, the Southern Cross is on the right,

20、and Scorpius on the left; the head of the emu is the Coalsack.Arto Aboriginal Art covers a wide medium including painting on leaves, wood carving, rock carving, sculpture, sand painting and ceremonial clothing.o Art is one of the key rituals of Aboriginal culture and was and still is, used to mark t

21、erritory, record history, and tell stories about the dreamtime.o Art was, and is, a central component of the traditional way of life, of significance in the political domain, in the relationships between clans, and in the relations between men and women. o Art was and remains an important component

22、of the system of restricted knowledge.Artnative culture + world mainstream culture = Australian culture ArtAboriginal hollow log coffin This photo shows the painting of Baiame made by an unknown Wiradjuri artist in Baiames cave, near Singleton, NSW. Notice the length of his arms which extend to the

23、two trees either side. Aboriginal art at Uluru Aboriginal Namadgi National Park featuring a Kangaroo, Dingoes, Echidna or Turtles, totems and stories are created using dots. ArtLuurnpa by John Lee Tjakamarra and Kaningarra near Canning Stock by Susie Bootja Bootja at the Arte contemporaneo australia

24、no de Balgo Hills exhibition at the Museo de Arte Popular in Mexico City Picture of Albert Namatjira at the , Alice Springs Cultural Precinct, in 2007. MusicLets watch a video firstDIDGERIDOO Aboriginal music had a distinct identity for its most famous instrumentA trunk of the eucalyptus tree hollow

25、ed out paint it in different patterns and colours.MusicThe Australia aboriginal music was mostly played by a ligneous instrument called didgeridoos.Traditional instrumentsDidgeridoo Clapsticks Indigenous Australian music Australian indigenous music includes the music of Australian Aborigines and Tor

26、res Strait Islanders, who are collectively called Indigenous Australians; it incorporates a variety of distinctive traditional music styles practiced by Indigenous Australian peoples, as well as a range of contemporary musical styles of and fusion with European traditions as interpreted and performe

27、d by indigenous Australian artists. Music has formed an integral part of the social, cultural and ceremonial observances of these peoples, down through the millennia of their individual and collective histories to the present day. The traditional forms include many aspects of performance and musical

28、 instrumentation which are unique to particular regions or Indigenous Australian groups; there are equally elements of musical tradition which are common or widespread through much of the Australian continent, and even beyond. The culture of the Torres Strait Islanders is related to that of adjacent

29、 parts of New Guinea and so their music is also related. Music is a vital part of Indigenous Australians cultural maintenance.Indigenous Australian music BOOMERANGUsage: toys and for sports, cooking tools, to make music by clapping them together. first started using non-returning boomerangs which they called kylies. They used them mostly for hunting. SportCricketField hockeyNetball (无板篮球)