定语从句教学

1、语法复习：定语从句语法复习：定语从句定语从句定义： 用来修饰说明一个名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。结构：（通常放在被修饰词的后面）（通常放在被修饰词的后面）The man who is standing in the middle is Mr Green.先行词关系代词The pen which I bought yesterday cost me 10 yuan.先行词 关系代词（在句中作主语，不能省）（在句中作宾语，可以省去）The room where he lives is very big.先行词关系副词This is the reason why he was late.先行词关系副

2、词The room whose window is open is Lucy s.关系形容词定语从句的引导词包括关系代词：that, who, which,whose+n. 和关系副词：where, when, why 两种。关系代词/副词的用法：1.当关系代词指人，在定语从句中作主语时，可用 who 或 that, 且不能省略。Do you know the person _ is talking with MrsWhite?who2. 当关系代词指人，在定语从句中作宾语时，可用 whom, who 或 that, 可以省略，也可以保留。The man _ I am calling is D

3、octor Lee.whom ( )3.当关系代词指物，在定语从句中作主语时，可用 which 或 that, 且不能省略。Where is the book _was on the desk just now?which4.当关系代词指物，在定语从句中作宾语时，可用 which 或 that, 可以省略，也可以保留。The pen _I bought yesterday cost me 10 yuan.which( )5. 当先行词与定语从句中某个名词有所属关系 的时候，使用“关系形容词” whose, 它既可以 指人，也可指物，且不能省略。Do you know the girl _ ha

4、ir is quite long?whoseThe room _ window is broken is Tims.whose6.当关系副词指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语时，可用 where 或 prep. + which, 且不能省略。 This is the house _ I was born.where 或 in which7.当关系副词指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语时，可用 when 或 prep. + which, 且不能省略。 The day _ they got married was February 2.when8.当关系副词指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语时，可用 why,

5、 且不能省略。 Do you know the reason _ he was late for school?whyThe reason _ he didnt come to Jacksonsbirthday is that he was ill.why要注意区分以下两种情形：1.I will never forget the days _ we studied in London.2.I will never forget the days _ we spent in London.whenwhich( when = in which )3.This is the house _I was

6、 born.4.This is the house _ I bought last year.where 或 in whichwhich( )定语从句（二）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句首先请同学们区分下列两个句子的意思：1.He has a daughter who is a doctor.（定语从句）他有一个做医生的女儿。 （可能还有其他女儿， 不是做医生的。）2.He has a daughter, who is a doctor. (非限制定语从句)他有一个女儿, 是做医生的。 （只有一个女儿）中考链接：1.The earth _ we live, are becoming dirt

7、ier and dirtier. Something must be done. (2007)A. which B. where C. on which D. , where2.Elephants _ are the largest animal on land, are killed for their tusks almost every day.A. which B. , who C. , which D. in whichDC使用“非限制性定语从句”注意事项：一.在非限制性定语从句中不能用 that 指代人或物；1.Miss Li, _ taught us English last y

8、ear, has moved to America. A. that B. who C. whom D. which2.The house, _ he bought last year, cost him more than one million yuan. A. that B. / C. whom D. whichDB二.who 和whom 都指人，who 作主语，whom 作宾 语，不能互换使用，且与限制性定语从句不同的 是，whom 作宾语也不能省略（在限制性定语从 句中 whom 是可以省略的）。1.He is the man _ I want to see. A. who B. w

9、hom C. that D. /ABCD2.She is a nice girl, _ I wnt to marry. A. who B. whom C. that D. /B三.which 指物，既可作主语，也可作宾语，与限制 性定语从句不同的是，which 作宾语时也不能省 略（在限制性定语从句中 which 是可以省略的）试比较：1.The house _ I bought last year cost me one million yuan.A. that B. which C. / D. whomABC我去年买的那栋房子花去我一百万元。（说话人可能买了不止一栋房子）1.The hou

10、se, _ I bought last year, cost me one million yuan.A. that B. which C. / D. whomB这栋房子，是去年买的，花去我一百万元。（说话人就只有这一栋房子，而且是去年买的）在这里，which I bought last year 只是对 the house作进一步的说明。而不是像限制性定语从句那样在众多的 house 中进行限定筛选。五、 “非限制性定语从句” 还可以对整句进行说明，当定语从句修饰整个句子时，关系代词要用which,相当于 and this, 而不能用 that;1.He didnt pass the exa

11、m, _ disappointed me. A. who B. that C. what D. which_D2.The terrible traffic accident killed three people, _ terribly frightened me. A. that B. how C. they D. which _D （注意：（注意：限制限制性定语从句性定语从句却没有这个功能）却没有这个功能）六、定语从句的化简（变成简单句）：定语从句可以简化为：1.形容词短语He received a box which was full of gifts.He received a box

12、 full of gifts._2.介词短语The book which is on the desk isnt worth reading.The book on the desk isnt worth reading._3.不定式或不定式短语Have you got anything that you want to say at the meeting?Have you got anything to say at the meeting?_4.过去分词短语The boy who is sitting in the middle is Mike.The boy sitting in th

13、e middle is Mike._5.过去分词短语The stories which were written by Dickens are veryinteresting.The stories written by Dickens are very interesting. _6.变成被修饰名词的同位语The old man, who is a famous scientist, is coming togive us a talk.The old man, a famous scientist, is coming to give us a talk._ d. 主句是who / whi

14、ch引导的特殊疑问句，而先行 词又指人或物时。一、只能用that的情况：a.先行词为指物的不定代词all , one , everything , something , anything , nothing b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , only , very , all , no时c. 先行词既有人，又有物时定语从句关系词的一些特殊用法： 1)Is there anything _? 有我能做的我能做的事吗？ 2)He is the only one _ at the moment. 他是现在能帮助我们的能帮助我们的唯一的人。 3)He talked about the teachers and schools _ _. 他谈论着他拜访过的拜访过的老师和参观过的参观过的学校。 4)Which is the computer _? 我们上周日用过的我们上周日用过的电脑是哪一台？that I can dothat can help usthat he visited that we used last Sunday二、有些时候,定语从句的动词是一个动词+介词的词组，此时，介词不能_。我们也可以把介词放在关系词的_, 此时，关系词指人时