Determiners(限定词)

1、Determiners（限定词）What is determiner?Words that precede any pre-modifying adjectives in a noun phrase and which denote such referential meanings as specific reference（特指）（特指）, generic reference（类指）（类指）,definite quantity(定量）定量） or indefinite quantity （不定量）（不定量）are referred to as determiners. Classifica

2、tion:Determiners, as a class of words, include:Articles冠词冠词 (definite article, indefinite article, zero article) Possessive determiners形容词性物主代词: my, your, his, herGenitive nouns名词所有格名词所有格: Johns, my friendsDemonstrative determiners指示代词: this, that, these Relative determiners关系代词: whose, whichInterro

3、gative determiners疑问代词: what, which, whoseIndefinite determiners不定代词: no, some, each, severalCardinal基数词基数词 and Ordinal序数词序数词 numerals:Multiplicative倍数词倍数词 and Fractional numerals分数1.Quantifiers数量词数量词: a lot of, plenty of, a large amount ofProblemsProblems The head of a noun phrase limits the choice

4、 of determiners, so there is the problem of collocations between determiners and nouns and when more than one determiner occurs in the noun phrase, there is the problem of word order between determiners.6.1 Collocations between Determiners and Nouns The choice of determiners is closely related to wh

5、at might be called the three classes of nouns: singular count nouns, plural count nouns and noncount nouns. These three classes of nouns demand appropriate determiners to collocate with.1. Why is there _ traffic on the streets in February than in may? A. less B. fewer C. few D. little2. On account o

6、f the typhoon_ shipment will arrive this week. A. neither B. all C. both D. these3. They paid _ money for the machine than I expected. A. little B. less C. much D. fewer4. There are trees on _ side of the street. A. such a B. both C. some D. eachAABD5. Have you got _ copies to go round? A. the other

7、 B. enough C. a little D. much6. I saw_ cars out side the building. A. a little B. any C. lots of D. neither 7. theres _ water in the bottle. A. few B. a number of C. plenty of D. any8. Id like _ paper. A. a few B. several C. a bit of D. theseBCCC9. There are _ mistakes in the paper . A. the B. a li

8、ttle C. much D. a few10. Do they have_ air-conditioners for cooling the room in summer? A. many a B. enough C. a great deal of D. a bit of11. Dont worry about the seats. There are _ chairs in the room. A. plenty of B. any C. both D. most12. There is _ iron in this mine than in that one. A. much B. a

9、 great deal of C. less D. a lot ofDBAC13. _ work has to be done before the plant goes into operation. A. Much B. Double C. A number of D. Neither14. He wrote_ essays on Victorian novels in his class. A. the next B. the most C. the other D. the more15. The model worker had _ thought of his own intere

10、sts. A. the last B. less C. the least D. anotherABC16. There must be _ empty talk but more hard work. A. fewer B. no C. the least D. less17. He has published _ short stories in English. A. a great amount of B. a number of C. another D. many a18. We had _ rainfalls last summer. A. too much B. little

11、C. a little D. only several19. _ care would have prevented the accident. A. Much B. Little C. A little D. A fewDBDC20. The students spent _ their time working in the fields. A. both B. most C. more D. halfD6.2 Collocations between DeterminersThere is a problem of word order between determiners if a

12、noun phrase contains more than one determiner.According to their potential position, determiners fall into three subclasses: Central Determiners中位限定词中位限定词, Pre-determiners前位限定词前位限定词 and Post Determiners后位限定词后位限定词.The Order:The Order:all the four teachersall your three booksall these last few dayshal

13、f his lecturethose last few monthsseveral hundred guestsall other studentssuch a misfortunesome such alloyCentralCentralPrePrePostPostDeterminers Predeterminers (前位限定词）：前位限定词）：all, both, half；倍数；倍数（double, twice, three times, etc. ); 分数（分数（one-third, two-fifths, etc. ); what a(n), such a(an)等等。 Cent

14、ral determiners(中位限定词）：中位限定词）：冠词（冠词（a, an, the); 指示指示代词（代词（this, that, these, those); 人称代词（人称代词（my, your, etc.); 名词名词属格（属格（Marys, my friends, etc.);不定代词（不定代词（some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough); what(ever), which(ever), whose 等等。 后位限定词（后位限定词（post modifiers）：）：基数词（基数词（one, two, three

15、, four, etc.);序数词（序数词（first, second, third, etc.); next, last, other, another, etc.; many, much, (a) few, （a）little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the) least, more, most; several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great/large/good number of, a great/good deal of, a large/small amount of, such等等。1. The a

16、dditional work will take _ weeks. A. the other B. another five C. other five D. the more2. He did it in _ time it took me. A. the one-third B. half a C. the double D. one-third the3. I saw _ boys at the cinema. A. the both B. many a C. both the D. the several4. _ candidates are girls. A. Half the B.

17、 The half C. Their D. Half aBDCA5. He was on leave _ days. A. the few last B. few another C. few other D. the last few6. _ friends usually speak highly of him. A. His some B. His many C. Many his D. Some his7. Please serve me _ soup. A. more some B. the less C. more the D. some more8. _ alloy may be

18、 used to replace copper. A. Such a B. Some such C. Such some D. Several suchDBDB9. Please send _ samples to London by air. A. these enough B. five these C. enough these D. these five10. Are you going to buy _ rice? A. all these B. these all C. all this D. both these11. They want at least _ salaries.

19、 A. their double B. double their C. enough their D. their enough12. _ dictionary is enough for me. A. Such one B. One such C. Such a one D. One such aDCBB13. _ factors should be considered. A. These all B. Such all C. All such D. Some these14. _ evening he did enjoy himself immensely. A. The first f

20、ew B. The few first C. The first some D. Some the first15. _ meat is tainted. A. That one-third B. One-third that C. Such a D. Few such16. _ cases has been reported. A. Such few B. Such some C. Few such D. Some theseCABC17. _ boys were in the classroom. A. All five other B. Other all C. All the more

21、 D. All the other five18. _ recommendation has so far been made by the technicians. A. Several such B. No such a C. Such no D. No such19. They are not likely to agree to _ propositions. A. other any B. other all C. all other D. other these20. He has been staying at home _ days. A. these all last few

22、 B. these last few all C. all these last few D. these last all fewDDCC6.3 A Comparative Study of Some 6.3 A Comparative Study of Some Determiner UsageDeterminer Usagemany, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty ofmany & muchDeterminersIndefinite PronounsIve told you many times that I hate dishonesty.Many a

23、re called but few are chosen.Much information is now transmitted through E-mail.Have you done all these exercise?-No, I havent done very many.Did you do much work today?- No, I didnt do much. many ManyMuch manymuchMany/ much often take such modifiers as how/ too/ so/ as asHow much money is needed fo

24、r the project?I have too many books to carry by myself.He took so many boxes that he had to call a taxi.They can spend as much money as they need on the project.HowtoosoasIn informal style, especially when they do not take any modifiers and do not appear in the subject areaHe hasnt got much money, b

25、ut he has a lot of / lots of/ plenty of friends.Are there many animals in the park?- No, not many- Yes, quite a lot.many/ much Negative & InterrogativeNegative & Interrogativea lot of, lots of, plenty of Affirmative Just as many/ much sometimes carry a non-assertive tone, they are commonly used in t

26、he object clause introduced by whether/ if. I doubt whether /if therell be many people at the show on this rainy day.I wonder whether/ if he has much information on this subject.2) (a) few, (a) little To express the idea of “少”, we can use (a) few/ (a) little. These items can function both as determ

27、iners and as indefinite pronouns, but the smallness of the number or amount expressed by a few/ a little denotes a positive evaluation on the part of the speaker, while that expressed by few/ little a negative evaluation. When a few is preceded by quite or not, it does not denote the idea of small q

28、uantity but that of “a fair number (of)”,. Likewise, a good few also denotes the idea of “a considerable number (of), eg: Quite a few of us are getting worried.youll have to wait a good few weeks. Less/least, as the comparative/ superlative degree of little, commonly go with mass nouns. As mentioned

29、 above, in present-day English, less/ least are occasionally used with plural nouns. Note that this occurs only in informal style and that in formal writing, fewer/fewest should be used instead.3) some, any To express the idea of “一些一些”, we can use some/ any. As an assertive word, some is generally

30、used in affirmative sentences, and any, which is nonassertive word, is generally used in negative or interrogative sentences, in conditional sentences or in sentences with negative implications. When some occurs in questions, it is implied that the speaker expects an affirmative answer. For instance

31、, when one is expecting letters, he may ask “Are there some letters for me?” Likewise, when showing hospitality to his guests, the host may ask “Would you like some chocolate cake?” When some is followed by a singular count noun, it denotes the idea of no matter which(任何一个任何一个), eg: Some boy has bro

32、ken a window.Any child can answer that question.4) all, both, every, each, either, any All the items in this group can function both as determiners and as indefinite pronouns with the exception of every which is s determiner only. a) to express the idea of “全体”, we can use all and both. All refers to the whole of three or more than three, while both refers to the whole of only two. The negative forms of all and both are respectively none and neither. None, which means no one, can be used both for personal and for impersonal reference, while no one for personal reference only,