英文图表描述

1、今天我们所要关注的是运动图表， 无论是什么题目的运动图表， 无论题出的多难， 我们都要清醒的认识到，那就是考官也逃不出如下的5个范畴，它们分别是运动范畴，程度范畴，时间范畴，数据范畴与连接范畴。在运动范畴中存在着如下的8种运动趋向：1、保持平稳：我们可以使用的套用结构有：stay stable/ rema in steady举例： 表示人口数量保持平稳的时候可以写: the number of population stayed stable。 /the number ofpopulation remained steady2、上升/增加： 我们可以使用的套用结构有： rise/ climb/

2、 increase/ ascend/mount/aggrandize（ 增加） 举例：人口上升： the number of population increased/ascended/mounted 等等。3、 下降 /减少：我们可以使用的套用结构有：fall/ drop/ decrease/ descend/ decline 举例：人口减少：the number of population decreased/ declined全国注册建筑师、建造师考试 备考资料 历年真题 考试心得 模拟试题4、下降后保持平稳：这个线段前面是向下的，后面是平的，在表示这个平的时候我们就不可以使用 rema

3、in steady 了，我们要使用的结构是bottom out举例：人口下降后保持平稳： the number of population decreased and bottomed out5、上升后保持平稳：前面的上升我们就不用说了，但是在上升以后保持平稳，我们需要使 用 level off举例：人口上升后保持平稳： number of population mounted and leveled off6、 复苏： 前面下降了以后，然后就上升了，这两条线段的连接点就叫复苏。英语中表达为recover举例：人口下降后复苏： number of population decreased an

4、d recovered7、 波动： 就像我们的心电图一样。英语中叫 fluctuate 举例： 人口波动： number of population fluctuated8 、 达到顶峰：peak/ reach its summit/reach its zenith 举例： 人口到达了顶峰：number of population peaked/reached its summit/ reached its zenith程度范畴上面就是运动性线段的八种趋势了。但是同学们想过没有上升，下降，波动是存在程度的。 所以我们接下来要讨论的是程度的描述方法。程度只有两种，缓慢和陡然。缓 慢 的 /轻 微

5、 的 ：gradually/ smoothly/ steadily/ slightly 陡 然 的 / 大 幅 度 的 ：dramatically/ sharply/ considerably/ appreciably/ greatly 举例：1、人口大幅度攀升：number of populationmounted dramatically 2 、 人 口 轻 微 下 降：number of population decreased slightly 3、 人 口逐 渐 下降:nu mber of populatio n decreased gradually数据范畴好了，我们现在已经说了两

6、个范畴了 ,这个两个范畴可以帮你搞定任何线段组的描述、紧接下来我们要讨论的是如何将线段组与数据进行连接、非常简单。注意如下的介词使用一、 remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ peak/reach its peak/ reach its zenith 后面需 要使用的是 at举例 : 1、人口在 500 万上保持平稳 :number of population remained steady at 5 million1、 人口在 800 万时到达了顶峰 :number of population peaked at 8 milli

7、on2、下降后,人口在400万保持平稳 :after decreasing, number of population bottomed out at 4 million3、上升后,人口在700万保持平稳：after mounting, nu mber of populati on leveled off at 7 millio n 二、 上升 / 下降后面使用 to（至 U）和 by（了）举例:1、 人口下降至 200 万：number of population decreased to 2 million2、 人口下降了 200 万: number of population decre

8、ased by 2 million3、 人口上升至 1000 万: number of population increased to 10 million4、 人口上升了 500 万: number of population increased by 5 million三 、 recover 的 后 面 大 家 需 要 使 用 的 是 from 举 例 : 人 口 在 200 万 时 开 始 复 苏:nu mberof populatio n recovered from 2 milli on四、fluctuate 的后面大家需要连接betweenand 举例：人口在 2 和 100 亿之

9、间波动:number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion （ 那俩人是 ADAM 和 EVE）我们已 经搞定了三个范畴了。剩下的两个范畴，时间与连接，我想大家就不会有很大的困难了吧。希望大家以后多多练习对于线性图表的描述上升1. 对于上升趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to increaseto go upto riseto growto jumpto leapto soarto shootto pick upb. 可以使用的名词：an increasea growtha jumpa soaran upward tre

10、nd2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词 to +具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词 to+ the peak of+具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词 reaching the peak of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词 reaching + 具体数据。e. to peak at 具体数据f. to climb to + 具体数据3. 对于上升的程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词 by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。 （见下降1. 对于下降趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to fallto decreaseto go down

11、to slideto collapseto declineto dropb. 可以使用的名词：a collapsea decreasea falla declinea drop2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a.中的动词+ to +具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词 tothe bottom of 具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词 reaching the bottom of + 具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词 reaching + 具体数据。3. 对于下降程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词 by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。 （见 对于平稳的趋势的描

12、述： 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to hardly changeto have little changeto keep steadyto level offto remain constantto stay the same表示程度的副词：1. 程度较大：considerablydramaticallygreatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2. 程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadily时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infrom.to.between.an

13、d.during .and.at the start of .by the end of .over .at the end of .throughout .时间s +具体数据上升和下降趋势的组合描述（嵌入了时间和程度之后 ）：1.先上升后下降的句型： .in creased slowly duri ng . and . but fell sharplyin .A steady fall in . duri ng . and .followed the sharp in crease in.2.先下降后上升的句型：.fell before . bega n to make a recovery

14、.con ti nue the recovery, climbi ng to.dropped duri ng but in creased aga in in.fell and the n pick up duri ng.collapsed before rising to.at the end of3.起伏波动的句型：.fluctuated sharply all through.4.波动不大的句型：.hardly cha nged through the period betwee n柱状图形的描述转换为线形图形的描述饼状图形的描述 对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型：.% the . is/

15、has/have/are.acco unts for % of the totaltakes up .% in the whole chart趋势的比较1. 表示相似的句型 （实例 ） ：Both share prices rose sharply in January.Neither company has made a profit yet.Like X, Y fell in June.andX rose just as sharply as Y.2. 表示差异的句型 （实例 ）：X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.X fell q

16、uickly compared to Y.Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y .3. 表示倍数的句型：the . doubled/tripled in . compared with those in4. 客观比较的句型：. is . in con trast to .数据的修饰1. 表示不足的词或词组：up tobelowunderalmostnearly2. 表示超过的词或词组：overmore thanjust over3. 表示大约的词：about补充一点点：一 . 主章开头图表类型： table; c

17、hart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph描述： show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent内容： figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion二 . 表示数据一般： have 10%; at 10%;over 10%最高(低)点： peaked; reached a peak/high(point)bottomed out; reached the bottom变化： rec

18、over 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climbdecrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reducefluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change变化程度： sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sha

19、rply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地stable/stably 稳定的表示范围：fromtobetweenandfor to 多长时间直至 U表示程度： almost adv. 几乎，差不多nearly adv. 几乎，密切地approximately adv. 近似的，大约about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围just over 刚超过over adv. 结束，

20、越过，从头至尾exactly adv. 正确地，严密地precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地比例： 20 per cent 20%one in three 1/3one out of every four 1/4三。常用词significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长distribute 分布，区别unequally 不相等地pronounced 明显的average 平均no doubt 无疑地corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的re

21、present vt. 阐述，表现overall 总体上讲except 除外in the case of adv.在 的情况下in contrast 相反，大不相同in conclusion adv. 最后，总之in comparison 相比之下inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地in general 通常，大体上，一般而言rang fromexcessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外lower v. 降低，跌落elapse vi.（时间）过去，消逝category n. 种类government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规率measure n.尺

22、寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测1.有用的词上升： increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up下降 : decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down平稳 :stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to波动 :fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down占 :occupy take

23、up account for gain而 :while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact相比 :by contract on the contrary likewise compared with最高点 :the highest the top the summit the peak the most最低点 :bottom less least rock bottom平均 :mean average趋势 :tendancy trend inclination预见 :prediction达到顶峰 : mount to在 * 中占

24、 *:*gain the percentage of 有一个稳定的过程 :a stable period can be seen 原则： A. 不可能写的很好，关键是要很稳地写清楚。B.概括一些内在关联性或原因推测作为总结以下是引用 zxc0470 在 2004-6-3 23:05:00 的发言：1. As is shown by the graph/in the table 。 （概述图表 ） 正如曲线所示，最近 54 年来该国人口飞速增长。As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population o

25、f the country in the pastfive years.2. It can be seen from the table that得出结论()shown graphconcluded figuresestimated statisticsA. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从 1985 年到 1990 年中国的人均收入迅速提高。From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinesepeople increased (grew 、ro

26、se) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近 5 年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the pastfive years.3. amount to 数(量总计)add up tocome tosum up to全部费用合计 200 美元。All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.4. i

27、n crease from to 数量增减)decreaserisefalldropA. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由 1986 年的 5000 台增加到 1990 年的 21000 台。The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in1986 to 21000 in 1990.B. 参加者的人数增加到 30 万。The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reac

28、hing 300000 persons).C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到 700 人。The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.5.(be)three times as + 形容词 + as 总产量 total output 钢的年产量 the annual output of上升 17% rise by 17per cent steel日产量 the daily output 导致产量下降 result in adiminished output现在我们地区的粮食产量相

29、当于 1970 年的 3 倍。The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.6. Compared with ，与去年相比，今年 13 项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。 The factory has an output of 9 millioncigarettes daily.Compared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased

30、 to agreat extent.7. There is (was) a rapid rise in be on the risehas been sharp increase on the increasesudden decrease on the declinesteady declinegradual fallslow dropslight最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.“结尾 ”段落中常用的句型：1. In my opini

31、on, 2. Pers on ally, I 3. In shctotie=) In 4. In con clusi on,5.As far as I m concern ed, 6. To con elude , it seems clear that至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正 错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。As far as I m concerned ,I m in favour of the former view.Therefore,my conclusion is that we arecertain to succeed as l

32、ong as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.我再补充几点：同学们在选用描述图表变化的动词、 名词， 介词词组， 形容词和程度副词方面要注意是 否准确到位和形象。以下一些词汇大家重点揣摩：spiral upward / the demand for talents (fair ) spiraled upward / climbed drastically / soar / surge /experience an explosive growth / an acceleration / swell / manage a m

33、odest ( marginal ) gain / on the rise /on the ascendance / wane / shrink / slump / fall off / drop off / take a dip / take a nose dive / trend (tide ) / sth.continued its upward / downward trend. / reach the plateau / the bottleneck / sth. level off /sth. remainssteady / stable / unchanged / constan

34、t / stay the same /There was a slight drop( fall ) between 2000 / and 2005 / hugely / sharply / dramatically / drastically /substantially / steeply / incredibly / massively / surprisingly / alarmingly / distressingly / slightly / steadily /gradually / marginally / moderately / gently / reach a ( the

35、 ) peak / the highest point / A record number ofstudents / reach the nadir / reach the bottom / the rock bottom / experience a moderate fluctuation / swing /另外， 大家仔细研究我下面提供的五种描述图表的句型， 在考试的时候如果考到图表作 文要会灵活使用。This bar chart describes significant changes in the ownership of houses in a big city in China

36、. It can beseen from the chart that a very noticeable trend from 1990 to 2000 was the dramatic increase in the privateownership of houses as opposed to the huge drop in the state ownership of houses. In 1990, three out offour houses were state-owned. However, by 2000, the percentage of the ownership

37、 of private houses hassoared to 80%.The above chart reveals that the huge expansion in the private house ownership has beenaccompanied by a corresponding fall in the state ownership of houses in a span of a decade. (1990-2000)As is suggested ( unfolded / demonstrated / illustrated / mirrored ) in th

38、e above chart, with the sharprise in the private ownership of houses, the state ownership of houses has dramatically ( substantially /alarmingly ) dropped in a passage of a decade. (1990-2000)According to the above chart, there has been a drastic growth in the private ownership of houses, whilethe s

39、tate ownership of houses has shrunk steeply over the past decade. ( 1990-2000)From the above chart, we can see distinctly that the private ownership of houses has witnessed anhuge rise as distinct from ( as opposed to / in contrast to / in comparison with ) the drastic decrease in thestate ownership

40、 of houses in a matter of a decade. (1990-2000) 对于平稳的趋势的描述，可以使用的动词或动词词 组： to hardly change to have little change to keep steady to level off to remain constant to stay the same表 示 程 度 的 副 词 ： 1. 程 度 较 大： considerably dramatically GREatly markedly obviously quicklyrapidly sharply significantly sudden

41、ly2. 程度较小： slightly gradually slowly steadily时间的嵌入 嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组： in from,to, between,.and, during,and, at thestart of , by the end of , over , at the end of , throughout ,时间+具体数据 上升和下降趋势的组合描述：1.先上升后下降的句型：. . . . . . increased slowly during, and , but fell sharply in ,.A steady fall in , during ,

42、 and , followed the sharp increase in ,.2. 先下降后上升的句型：, fell before , began to make a recovery , , continue the recovery ， climbing to , , droppe d during , butincreased again in , , fell and then pick up during , collapsed before rising to ,at the end of ,3. 起伏波动的句型：, fluctuated sharply all through

43、,4. 波动不大的句型：hardly changed through the period between ,and柱状图形的描述 转换为线形图形的描述 饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句 型 ： , % the , is/has/have/are , , accounts for ,% of the total , takesup ,% in the whole chart趋势的比较1. 表示相似的句型：Both share prices rose sharply in January. Neither company has made a profit yet. Like X ， Y fell in June.X rose just as sharply as Y.2. 表示差异的句型：X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady. X fell quickly compared to Y. Unlike Y ， X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3. 表示倍数的句型：the , doubled/tri