钾的异常 英文

1、Potassium balancePotassium balancePotassium is the major cation in the intracellular compartment.Potassium affects many body functions and contributes to maintenance of intracellular osmolality.Normal serum potassium concentration:3.55.5mmol/LAbnormal potassium metabolismPotassium deficit(hypokalemi

2、a)Potassium excess(hyperkalemia) HYPOKALEMIA(低钾血症)Reasons:uInadequate intakeuExcessive lossesuExtracellular potassium has moved into body cellsClinical manifestation:Myasthenia gravisPatients with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, intestinal peristalsis disappeared intestinal paralys

3、isHeart block, the abnormal rhythmElectrocardiogram: T wave decrease, flattening or inversion, ST segment depression, prolongation of the QT interval, U waveMetabolic alkalosis and Paradoxical acidic urine（代谢性碱中毒,反常性酸性尿）Diagnosis:pMedical historypClinical manifestationpPotassium is less than 3.5mmol

4、/LpAided diagnosis:ECGTreatment:The removal of the causeThe amount and speed control The speed of 20mmmol/L The daily amount of 100200mmolSee urinary potassiumNon intravenous injectionFractional potassium, edge treatment observationHYPERKALEMIA(高钾血症)Reasons:uEnter the body potassium levelsuThe renal

5、 excretion of potassium hypofunctionuIntracellular potassium removalClinical manifestation(临床表现):Mental confusion, feeling abnormal, body weak and feebleBeckoning bradycardia or arrhythmiaECG:T wave height and tip,P amplitude decreased, QRS broadeningDiagnosis:pDiagnosis: potassium than 5.5mmol/LpAided diagnosis：ECGTreatment1.Immediately stop all drugs containing potassium or solution2.Reduction of serum potassium concentrationuUrges the potassium ion to intracellular: infusion of sodium bicarbonate solutionuCation exchange resin（阳离子交换树脂）uDia