呼吸系统解剖学医学课件ppt

1、The Respiratory System ILI JING， Ph DDepartment of ASep. 15. 2009Constituents: Respiratory tract LungsGeneral DescriptionFunction: Gas exchangev Pleura and plural cavityv MediastinumUpper respiratory tract Nasal passage Pharynx Larynx Respiratory tractLower respiratory tract Trachea Bronchi 1. Exter

2、nal noseNasal passage2. Nasal cavity nasal vestibule (鼻前庭） proper nasal cavity (固有鼻腔） nasal septum （鼻中隔） lateral wall of nasal cavity3. Paranasal Sinuses frontal sinus （额窦） ethmoidal sinus （筛窦） sphenoidal sinus （蝶窦） maxillary sinus （上颌窦）Back1. External nose鼻骨鼻骨额骨额骨上颌骨上颌骨鼻侧软骨鼻侧软骨中隔软骨中隔软骨鼻翼软骨鼻翼软骨2. Na

3、sal cavity鼻后孔鼻后孔鼻前庭鼻前庭鼻中隔鼻中隔Nasal limen鼻阈鼻阈鼻咽鼻咽Lateral wallSeptum固有鼻腔固有鼻腔固有鼻腔固有鼻腔The nasal septum （鼻中隔）（鼻中隔） The longitudinal plate of ethmoid bone The cartilage of nasal septum The vomer筛骨垂直板鼻中隔软骨犁骨2. Nasal cavityLittle region2. Nasal cavityLateral wall Nasal conchae (鼻甲) Nasal meatus (鼻道) Sphenoet

4、hmoidal recess (蝶筛隐窝)蝶筛隐窝蝶筛隐窝上鼻甲上鼻甲中鼻甲中鼻甲下鼻甲下鼻甲下鼻道下鼻道中鼻道中鼻道上鼻道上鼻道2. Nasal cavityLateral wall 1. Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 2. Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗 3. Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡 4. Nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管3. Paranasal Sinuses frontal sinus （额窦） ethmoidal sinus （筛窦） sphenoidal sinus （蝶窦） maxillary sinus （上颌窦）额

5、窦额窦额窦额窦额窦额窦筛窦筛窦蝶窦蝶窦上颌窦上颌窦上颌窦上颌窦筛窦筛窦The openings of the paranasal sinusesfrontalfrontalethmodialsphenoidalmaxillary3. Paranasal SinusesThe biological roles of the paranasal sinusesDecreasing the relative weight of the front of the skull Increasing resonance of the voiceProviding a buffer against blow

6、s to the face Insulating sensitive structures like dental roots and eyes from rapid temperature fluctuations in the nasal cavity. Humidifying and heating of inhaled air Olfactory and respiratory regionNasal mucous membrane: olfactory region respiratory regionPosition: at the anterior part of the nec

7、k from 36 cervical vertebrae.Functions: respiration and phonationLarynxLarynxlaryngeal Cartilages: thyroid cartilage (甲状软骨) cricoid cartilage （环状软骨） epiglottic cartilage （会厌软骨） arytenoid cartilage (paired) （杓状软骨） Anterior view posterior view Thyroid cartilageinf. cornu下角laminaanterior angle前角Larynge

8、al prominence喉结Laminae of thyroid cartilage甲状软骨板sup. cornu上角sup. thyroid notch上切迹Laryngeal Cartilages舌骨大角环状软骨 Anterior view posterior viewArytenoid cartilages and cricoid cartilageCricoid arch Cricoid laminaMuscular processVocal processVocal process杓状软骨环状软骨Laryngeal CartilagesEpiglottic cartilage An

9、terior view posterior view会厌软骨Laryngeal Cartilages甲状会厌韧带Roles of laryngeal Cartilages Prevents entry of food and liquids into respiratory tract During swallowing:the larynx is elevatedthe epiglottis folds back over glottisThe framework of the larynx5.环杓关节1.甲状舌骨膜2,弹性圆锥3.方形膜4. 环甲关节声韧带前庭韧带Laryngeal Art

10、iculation1. thyrohyoid membrane 甲状舌骨膜: 2. conus elasticus 弹性圆锥: 上缘游离形成声韧带3. quadrangular membrane 方形膜:下缘游离成前庭韧带 4. cricothyroid joint 环甲关节环甲关节: 甲状软骨在冠状轴作前倾复位5. cricoarytenoid joints环杓关节环杓关节: 杓状软骨沿垂直轴向内,外侧旋转2,环甲正中韧带1. Posterior cricoarytenoid 环杓后肌声门裂开大，声带紧张2. Transverse arytenoid 杓横肌 3. Oblique aryte

11、noid 杓斜肌4. Lateral cricoarytenoid 环杓侧肌缩小/关闭喉口5. Cricothyroid 环甲肌 (外群喉肌)1. Posterior cricoarytenoid 环杓后肌拉长、紧张声带6. Thyroarytenoid 甲杓肌 松弛、缩短声带Laryngeal muscles123465Laryngeal cavityAditus laryngis (喉口)2 folds vestibular fold (前庭襞) vocal fold (声襞)2 fissures vestibular fissure (前庭裂) fissure of glottis (声门裂)3 parts laryngeal vestibule intermediate cavity of larynx infraglottic cavity会厌会厌杓会厌襞杓会厌襞杓间切迹杓间切迹前庭襞前庭襞声襞声襞喉前庭喉前庭声门下腔声门下腔喉中间腔喉中间腔声带声