《必修5)一单元知识点

1、Unit 1 Great Scientists object n.物体物体；目标；宾语；客体，对象；物体物体；目标；宾语；客体，对象；vi.不赞不赞 成，反对（成，反对（to）；抱反感）；抱反感vt.提出提出作反对的理由作反对的理由 I object to his plan.2. float , flow , run ,go 的意思的意思3.环境：环境： environment , surroundings；circumstances； ambient（周围的；产生（周围的；产生轻松氛围的；环境）轻松氛围的；环境） 4.lift up draw a conclusion（练习册（练习册7页）页

2、） make （up ）a question（make up弥弥补补, 虚构虚构, 缝制缝制, 整理整理, 包装包装, 和解和解, 编辑编辑, 化化妆补足妆补足,拼凑）拼凑） expose to get /be/become interested in sth/doing sth. absorb into ;be absorbed into slow down减速，慢行减速，慢行 in addition 另外另外 (to)除了除了4. conclude vt/vicome to a close_=end_eg: The meeting concluded at 8:00 pm. She con

3、cluded her speech with a poem. She concluded her speech by reading a poem. 归纳总结：归纳总结：(使使)结束结束, 终止终止decide sth. as a result of what you see or hear _eg. What can you conclude from these facts? After waiting for half an hour，I concluded that he wouldnt come at all. 等了半个小时后，我断定他不会来了。等了半个小时后，我断定他不会来了。 推

4、断出推断出, ,得出结论得出结论 归纳总结归纳总结: n. conclusion 结论，结束结论，结束 * arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion _eg: It was difficult to draw a conclusion because the situation was complex.* in conclusion _ =in a word, to sum up eg: In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.得出结论得出结论 总之

5、总之 思维袋袋库思维袋袋库 link to prevent sb. from doing sth. come to an end look into apart from(besides,except,but) be strict with sb. in sth. lead to make sense有意义，行得通有意义，行得通 work on从事工作从事工作 be against ones ideaHomework checking (P4, Ex 3) 1. make a telephone call 2. make a plan 3. make a speech 4. make a ch

6、ange 5. make a decision 6. make a contribution 7. make a noise 8. make a descriptionLanguage pointsLanguage points2. characteristic adj. 独特的，特有的独特的，特有的 n特征，特性（个性的集中表现）特征，特性（个性的集中表现） eg. genetic characteristics 遗传特征遗传特征 character n性格；特征；人物，角色；汉字性格；特征；人物，角色；汉字 区别：区别：characteristic 1)adj.意思是特有的，独特的，表示特

7、意思是特有的，独特的，表示特性性2）n.意思是特性，特征，特色，个性的集中表现。；指某意思是特性，特征，特色，个性的集中表现。；指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，但常指有代表性的一物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，但常指有代表性的一个侧面，常用于科技领域。个侧面，常用于科技领域。 character 1)n.意思是事物的特征，性质，人的性格品质，小意思是事物的特征，性质，人的性格品质，小说戏剧等的人物，书写符号，印刷符号，身份，资格，品德说戏剧等的人物，书写符号，印刷符号，身份，资格，品德评语，人物素描评语，人物素描 ；character 指成年人已经充分发展的生活指成年人已经充分发展的生

8、活方式，而且往往与品格有关。方式，而且往往与品格有关。 2）v.意思是刻，写，印，使意思是刻，写，印，使具有特性。具有特性。 feature 通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西。的、有吸引力的东西。 personality 偏重指一个人表现出来的无法偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点，不与形容明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点，不与形容词连用时表示情感上的吸引力。词连用时表示情感上的吸引力。 of good character好性格好性格no character没特没特点点 characterize v是是的特征；描述的特征；描述的特的

9、特征征 characterless adj.无特色的；平凡的无特色的；平凡的 Kindness is one of his _. My car doesnt have special _ . characteristicsfeatureknow about 了解有关了解有关.的情况的情况know of 听说过听说过有些事我想了解一下有些事我想了解一下. There is something I want to know about .我听说过那件事我听说过那件事, 但不很清楚但不很清楚.I know of it , but I didnt know it well.1.知识袋袋库知识袋袋库.

10、put forward: come up with 提出提出（意见，观点）等；推荐，提名，（意见，观点）等；推荐，提名，把时钟往前拨（练习册把时钟往前拨（练习册6页）页）eg: He put forward some useful advice at the meeting. （翻译）（翻译） We put forward Tom as monitor.（译）（译） The meeting has been put forward to 2:00 pm. （提前）（提前） 提出提出 An interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere a

11、round Mars has been _. Aput forwardBput down C. put up D. put aside 【解析】【解析】 有人提出一个有趣的建议有人提出一个有趣的建议 【答案】【答案】 A考题练练看考题练练看 put aside _ put away _； put off _ put on _ put down _ put out _ put up _ put up with _ 储蓄储蓄备用，放一边备用，放一边把把收拾起来收拾起来；储存储存推迟推迟 穿上，戴上；上演，演出穿上，戴上；上演，演出 举起；粘贴；建立，建设，留住宿举起；粘贴；建立，建设，留住宿 忍受

12、忍受 放下，写下，镇压放下，写下，镇压扑灭扑灭(火火)，使熄火，生产，使熄火，生产思维泡泡堂思维泡泡堂 Considering your salary，you should be able to _ at least twenty dollars a week. Aput forward Bput up Cput out Dput aside 【解析】句意为“就你的工资而言，每周你应至少存20美元”。put forward提出；put up张贴；put out扑灭；put aside储存。 【答案】D考题练练看考题练练看 expose expose sth. to the light of d

13、ay 把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下 I threatened to expose him ( to the police). 我威胁要我威胁要(向警察向警察)揭发他揭发他. He exposed his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下. The old man was left exposed to wind and rain. exposed在句中是过去分词作后置 定语定语5. defeat vt. to win against sb in the a war, competition,sports game _ to be difficult f

14、or sb _n. failure to win _eg: The army defeated the enemy in the end.Tom suffered defeat in the English examination.The problem has defeated me and I cant solve it.打败，打败， 战胜战胜 失败，挫折失败，挫折 难倒，使困惑难倒，使困惑 辨析：辨析：defeat/ beat/ winHe can easily _ me at golf.He didnt _ the election.He was _ in the election.

15、defeat 战胜，击败。含义广泛，指在战争、辩战胜，击败。含义广泛，指在战争、辩论、争斗、竞选或比赛中击败对方，获得胜利。论、争斗、竞选或比赛中击败对方，获得胜利。宾语是对手宾语是对手。 beat 表示表示“战胜，击败和难倒战胜，击败和难倒”时可与时可与defeat 互换互换;另外还可以表示另外还可以表示“击打击打vt.，(心脏心脏)跳动跳动”vi.等含义。等含义。beat up win 后只接后只接事或物事或物（比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、（比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、钱）钱） 不能是对手。不能是对手。win sth. defeated/beatenbeat/defeatwin Lin Dan _

16、 his competitor and got the first place in the game. Awon Bdefeat Cbeat Dhit 【解析】“击败对手”可用beat或defeat，但由got可知，空白处应用过去时，若选B，则应为defeated。 【答案】C考题练练看考题练练看6. attend v. be present at; _ attend to sb/sth: to deal with 从事；接从事；接待待 ；处理；处理 attend on sb/sth; to take care of sb/sth _eg: He attended the meeting y

17、esterday. I have some urgent business to attend to.出席出席,参加参加 照顾照顾,护理护理 The coach asked his staff to _ the large group of journalists waiting for him to announce his training plans. Aadapt to Battend to Crefer to Dappeal to 【解析】【解析】 adapt to意为“适应”，attend to 意为“注意，关心，料理”，refer to 意为“涉及”，appeal to 意为“向

18、呼吁，求助于”。整句话意为“教练要求他的队员去照应一下那一大群等着他公布训练计划的新闻记者们”。考题练练看考题练练看【答案【答案 】 B区别区别attend/join/join in/take part in Would you like to _ us in the basket game? A. attend B. join C. join in D. take part in考题练练看考题练练看【答案】【答案】 B 辨析：辨析：treat与与cure Has the doctor _ her illness? No，he _ her but didnt _ her. Acured; tr

19、eated; treat Bcured; cured; treat Ctreated the old woman for; treated; cure Dcured the old woman of; treated; cure 解析：cure “治愈治愈” 强调结果。强调结果。 cure sb of sth treat “治疗治疗” 强调过程。强调过程。 treat sb for sth 答案：D思维袋袋库思维袋袋库Sentence 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

20、every time 在这里是连词，引导时间在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为状语从句，意为“每次，每当每次，每当” e.g. Every time I hear that song, I feel happy. 每次听到那首歌，我都感到非常开心。每次听到那首歌，我都感到非常开心。 (2009年云南玉溪模拟年云南玉溪模拟)_you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others. AAt times BSome time CEvery time DThe time【解析】句意为：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都

21、向别人展示你的技能。every time是名词词组用做连词，引导时间状语从句。【答案】C考题练练看考题练练看 Ann seems to be upset. Whats up? She _ from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores. AincludesBconcludes Csuggests Dcontains 【解析】下句意为：她根据电话中的声音判定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。 【答案】B考题练练看考题练练看 注意注意: immediately, the moment/the

22、minute, directly, instantly 等与等与 every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为句，意为 “一一.就就”。如：。如： I will give the letter to him immediately/ the moment /directly/instantly I see him. 另外另外the first time (第一次第一次)，next time( 下下次次)，last time (上次上次) 都可以引导时间状语都可以引导时间状语从句。从句。思维袋袋库思维袋袋库(2009年陕西卷) This is

23、the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family. Asee Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seen【解析】“This/It is the序数词time +that 从句”为固定句型， 如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。 。【答案】D考题练练看考题练练看9. challenge n/vt 挑战挑战eg: (1)opportunity and challenge 机遇与挑战机遇与挑战扩展：扩展：face a challenge 面临挑战面临挑战 meet a challenge

24、 接受挑战接受挑战 challenging adj. 具有挑战性的具有挑战性的13. blame vt consider or say that sb is responsible for sth _eg: Please dont blame me. blame sb for sthdoing sth _ blame sth on sb _ be to blame_责备、谴责责备、谴责 责备某人做某事责备某人做某事 把某事归咎于某人把某事归咎于某人 (某人某人/某物某物)该受指责该受指责 n 过失、责备过失、责备Its not fair that you should get the blam

25、e. Dont always _ your own failure _ others. Sometimes you yourself _. Ablame；on；are to be blamed Bblame；for；are to blame Cblame；on；are to blame Dblame；for；are to be blamed 【解析】【解析】句意为：不要总把失败归咎于他人。句意为：不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该责怪你自己。有时该责怪你自己。blame sth.on sb.把把归咎于某人；归咎于某人；be to blame该受责备，要用主该受责备，要用主动式表被动意义。动式表被动

26、意义。 【答案】【答案】C考题练练看考题练练看 The mother who lost her son insisted that the careless driver _ for the traffic accident _ yesterday. Awas to blame; happening Bbe to blame; happening Cbe blamed; was happened Dwas to blame; had happened【解析】 本题意为：失去儿子的母亲本题意为：失去儿子的母亲坚持认为坚持认为粗心的司机应该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。粗心的司机应该为昨天发生的交通事

27、故负责。【答案】 A考题练练看考题练练看 (2006年安徽卷年安徽卷)Mr Green stood up in defence of (为为辩护辩护)the 16yearold boy，saying that he was not the one _. Ablamed Bblaming Cto blame Dto be blamed【解析】【解析】he was not the one to blame意为意为“他不是那个应该受责备的人他不是那个应该受责备的人”。【答案】【答案】C考题练练看考题练练看 (2006年福建卷年福建卷)_for the breakdown of the school

28、computer network，Alice was in low spirits. ABlaming BBlamed CTo blame DTo be blamed【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：Alice因为电脑网络故障被责备，情绪很低落。因为电脑网络故障被责备，情绪很低落。非谓语形式用做原因状语，主语是这个动作的非谓语形式用做原因状语，主语是这个动作的承受者，故用过去分词承受者，故用过去分词blamed。D项项to be blamed有将要的意味。有将要的意味。【答案】B考题练练看考题练练看Sentence 3It seemed that th

29、e water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。 be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于事情，相当于must, should, ought to 等。等。 You are not to be late again.15. Handle vt deal with, operate _ n. part of a tool, cup, bucket door etc, by which it may be held, carried or controlled_eg: Do you know how

30、 to handle the computer?处理处理 操作操作把手把手16. link vt&n connect or put together two or more pieces连接；联系连接；联系 link to (常用被动常用被动,表状态表状态)= connect with _link up (with) _eg: Blood in his shirt linked him to the crime. A new freeway(高速公路高速公路) will be built to link up our city with Wuhan.把把与与连接连接/联系起来联系起来

31、连接，结合连接，结合 17. announce vt make sth known publicly 宣布宣布 通告通告 eg: Yao Ming announced in his hometown that he has retired from NBA. 归纳总结：归纳总结： announce （to sb.）sth.宣布某事宣布某事 announce(to sb.)that-clause辨析：announce与declare The result of this examination will be _ tomorrow. Apublished Bdeclared Cannounced

32、 Dopened【解析】【解析】 announce强调正式地强调正式地“公开、发表、宣布公开、发表、宣布”， 侧重预告人们所关心或感兴趣的事情；侧重预告人们所关心或感兴趣的事情；declare指正式而指正式而明确地向公众明确地向公众“宣布，宣告宣布，宣告, ,声明声明”，侧重当众发表，多用，侧重当众发表，多用于宣判、会议、宣战等。于宣判、会议、宣战等。C思维袋袋库思维袋袋库【答案】18. instruct v teach；order,direct 教，教，教授；指示，命令，吩咐教授；指示，命令，吩咐instruct sb in sth 教授某人教授某人instruct sb to do sth

33、 命令命令/吩咐某人去做某事吩咐某人去做某事eg: He instructs a class in history.Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives. Mr Smith decided to hire a teacher to _ his son in English. Ateach Bintroduce Cinstruct Ddirect【答案】：【答案】：C考题练练看考题练练看19. contribute vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助捐款；贡献；捐助contributeto _eg: He c

34、ontributed his life to helping the poor. He contributed his article to China Daily. contribute to _eg: Various factors contributed to his failure.捐助、捐献捐助、捐献; 投稿投稿导致，促成；有助于导致，促成；有助于 Practice: Many people _ money _ the poor boy, which _ his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and _

35、it _ a newspaper. contributedtocontributed tocontributedto考题练练看考题练练看 To be honest，my carelessness _ a lot to my failure. Acontributed Bdonated Cprovided Doffered 【解析】句意为：说实话，我的失败主句意为：说实话，我的失败主要是因为我的粗心大意。要是因为我的粗心大意。contribute to导致。导致。donate捐献；捐献；provide提供；提供；offer(主动主动)提供。提供。 【答案】A考题练练看考题练练看 n. contr

36、ibution 贡献贡献 make great contributions to 对对有贡献有贡献思维袋袋库思维袋袋库20. apart from 除除之外（既有相加又有之外（既有相加又有相减的含义）相减的含义）eg: Apart from my parents, I have no one to believe in. (相减相减)Apart from the cost, we need to think about how much time the job will take.、(相加相加)辨析辨析besides except apart fromexcept for 1. beside

37、s: “除了除了之外（还有）之外（还有）”(相加相加) There will be five of us for dinner, besides John. 2. except: “除除之外之外”; (相减相减) whenthatif I cycle to work, except when I rains. 3. except for 强调整体很好，就一点不好，强调强调整体很好，就一点不好，强调 前后名词性质不同前后名词性质不同。 His composition is good except for a spelling mistake.思维袋袋库思维袋袋库 Li Long is a goo

38、d student _ his laziness. A. except B. besides C. except for D. but【解析】【解析】 李红是个好学生，就是有点懒。李红是个好学生，就是有点懒。属于整体很好，就一点不好。属于整体很好，就一点不好。【答案】【答案】 C考题练练看考题练练看21. strict adj. 严厉的；严格的；严谨的严厉的；严格的；严谨的 Mr. Liu is a strict teacher.be strict with sb 对某人要求严格对某人要求严格be strict aboutin doing 对某事、做对某事、做某事要求严格某事要求严格eg: T

39、he Whites are very _ their children.The hospital is quite _visiting hours.strict withstrict about22. make sense 有意义、讲得通有意义、讲得通; 是明智作是明智作法。法。 (不及物动词短语不及物动词短语)eg: Your story doesnt make sense to me.It makes sense for sb to do sth. 对某对某人来说做某事是明智的人来说做某事是明智的eg: It makes sense to save money while you can.

40、make sense of 理解、明白理解、明白eg: Can you make sense of this poem? It doesnt make _ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. Asense Bopinion Cuse Ddifference 注意：注意： make no difference没有影响，没什么不没有影响，没什么不同同 make (full) use of (充分充分)利用利用 A 考题练练看考题练练看23. cautious adj. 谨慎的，小心的 be cau

41、tious about sth/doing sth 对（做）某事非常小心谨慎对（做）某事非常小心谨慎eg. He is cautious about telling the truth. 区别区别 cautious 和和 careful cautious 指因为担心某事危险或不明智而缓慢指因为担心某事危险或不明智而缓慢行事或小心谨慎；行事或小心谨慎； careful 并非担心害怕，但为确保万无一失而并非担心害怕，但为确保万无一失而做事小心。做事小心。 Be careful! She looked around cautiously and then walked away.24. reject

42、 vt. refuse to accept or consider sth. _eg: to reject an offer/a suggestion/a decision She rejected his offer of marriage.refuse to accept sb for a job _eg: I have been rejected by all the university not use or publish _eg. Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control. 质量差的文章都被我们质检人员拒绝了。质量

43、差的文章都被我们质检人员拒绝了。拒绝接受，不予考虑拒绝接受，不予考虑拒收，不录用拒收，不录用(因质量差因质量差)不用，不出版不用，不出版辨析：辨析：reject与与refuse的区别的区别 refuse一般用词，指拒绝别人的请求、帮一般用词，指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。 reject正式用词，指拒绝申请，请求，建正式用词，指拒绝申请，请求，建议，提议；不录用，不采纳；其后不能跟议，提议；不录用，不采纳；其后不能跟不定式。不定式。eg. He refused to discuss this matter. I politely refused th

44、eir invitation. The proposal was firmly rejected.思维袋袋库思维袋袋库4. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 only if 只有；只要只有；只要, ,引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。 Only if you work hard can you get high scor

45、es. 当以当以only引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。 Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work. Only in this way can I solve the problem. 但是但是only 放句首修饰主语时不倒装。放句首修饰主语时不倒装。 Only you can help me finish the work.思维袋袋库思维袋袋库 3. absorb吸收吸收 Paper that absorbs ink is cal

46、led blotting paper（吸墨纸）.The big company absorbed all the small ones as an organization. 这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。并了。 I was so absorbed in a book （be absorbed in全神贯注全神贯注 ）that I didnt hear you call. 4. in addition 此外此外, 这门功课还提供了实践的基础这门功课还提供了实践的基础.译文：译文：A number of people came to the zoo in ad

47、dition to Peter and Paul. 译文：The teacher in addition to two students at the meeting.was 6. suggest （互译） * Mary suggested a picnic at the weekend. * * 你能建议我在何处停车吗？你能建议我在何处停车吗？ * What did you suggest to the headmaster? * I suggested leaving early for the airport. * 房间的气味显示起火了房间的气味显示起火了. *She suggested

48、 that her father (should) give up smoking. *The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me. 他建议我们参观长城。他建议我们参观长城。 He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall. He suggested us visiting the Great Wall. He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.StructuresStructures： *Every time I meet

49、 him, I always think of the things happened between us. *I will give the letter to him immediately/the moment /directly/instantly I see him. 2. where all the dead people had lived 是 从句，作marked的 3.that polluted water carried the disease是 从句，作announce的宾宾语语宾宾语语宾宾语语宾宾语语Ex13. You are not to speak loudly in the office. The driver was to blame for the accident. 句中had it delivered部分是deliver的过去分词作have sth done结构中的 宾补 成分 He had to have his car re