必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars词汇讲解

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars词形变化1. violent adj.强暴的，猛烈的violence n.暴力，强暴；猛烈violently adv. 强暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental adj.基本(础)的n.pl.基本原则(法则) fundamentally adv. 基本地；根本地 fundament n. 基础；根本3. development n.生长，发展；新情况develop vt.发展；产生 vi.生长；发展developed adj. 发达的developing adj. 发展的4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产(蛋

2、) lay-laid-laid-layinglie vi. 躺，平放；位于lie-lay-lain-lyinglie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎lie-lied-lied-lying5. prevent vt. 预防，防止prevention n.预防；阻止；妨碍preventable adj.可防止的，可预防的6. gentle adj.和蔼的；轻柔的gently adv.温和地；静静地7. physics n.物理，物理学physicist n.物理学家physical adj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的 1. system n. 系统，体系；制度 systematic adj.(有）系统

3、的；有条理的 systematically adj. （有）系统地；有条理地 搭配：the solar system 太阳系 a railway system 铁路系统 the capitalist system 资本主义制度 The computer system broke down. 计算机系统瘫痪了。 The teacher has a special system of teaching. 这位老师教学方法很独特。2. theory n. 学说；理论 反义：practice 实践 Darwins theory of evolution 达尔文进化论 The theory of rel

4、ativity 相对论 Einstein put forward his new theory of relativity. 3. violent (adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；a violent attack 猛烈的进攻 violent dislike极其的厌恶 violent pain极度痛苦船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。The boat sank in a violent storm at sea.4. in time: (sooner or later; eventually; )迟早,终于 Ill see him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。 (for sth. /to do

5、sth.): not late及时 She will be back in time to prepare dinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。与time相关的短语: on time 按时;准时 at one time 从前 for the time being 暂时 from time to time 不时地 in no time 立刻,马上 at times 有时 at a time 每次;依次 once upon a time 从前 5. unlike prep. 不同；不像 Unlike him, his son is tall. adj. 不同的 The sisters are qu

6、ite unlike. unlikely adv. 未必的; 不太可能的; 注意与 dislike “不喜欢”区分开来。7. exist vi. 存在；生存 existent adj. 存在的；生存的 existence n. 存在；生存搭配：exist in 存在于之中 exist on 靠为生（=live on) exist by 靠生存 in existence 现存的 come into existence=come into being 开始存在、成立They cant exist on the money he is earning.The idea exists only in

7、the minds of poets.When did this world come into existence?8. give birth to 1) 生（孩子） Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。2) 产生 The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel. 这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。9. in ones turn 轮到某人 Its in your turn to read the passge. He cooked

8、 the meal in his turn this week. in turn 依次、轮流 Please enter the room in turn. by turns 轮流 We kept watch by turns .我们轮流守望。10. prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事Nothing can prevent this plan from being carried out. 阻止某人做某事 prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth., kee

9、p sb from doing sth注意：keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略,但如在被动语态中,他们中的from都不可省。11. puzzle n 迷，难题 v (使) 迷惑；（使）为难 Can you figure out this puzzle? 你能找到谜底吗？ His behavior yesterday puzzled me . 他昨天的行为使我迷惑。12. pull n.(c)拉力;牵引力;扯引力If we want to make a trip into space, we must escape the pull of gravity.2)（对

10、他人的）影响，影响力She has a lot of pull in that company.3) 吸引力（常用单数）The tides depend on the pull of the moon.4) 拉，牵，扯（反义词：push)Help me move this piano; you pull and Ill push.13. cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 We cheered up at the news. cheer v. 加油，欢呼，喝彩 The people cheered the football team. cheerful adj. cheerfully adv

11、 cheerfulness n.14. now that同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。1. 既然你忙, 就让我给你做吧。 Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.2. 既然人都齐了, 咱们开始干吧。 Now that everyone is here lets start work辨析：now that既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或即成的事实。口语中that常可省略。其他引导原因状语从句的连接词；because因为(语气较重，常用于回答why的提问)since因为，既然，由于(可与now that互换

12、)as因为(语气较弱) for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)15. break out它与happen, take place, come out等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。1) 战争爆发The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美国内战爆发于1861年。2)发生 争吵 A quarrel broke out between them. 他们之间发生了争吵。3) (火灾)发生 Afirebrokeoutinhishouselastnight. 昨晚他家里失火了。考点 break out 通常指战争、疾病、灾害等的爆发。不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。与break相关的短语:break down （机器）出故障，损坏；分解，起化学变化；破坏；拆散break in 破门而入; 打断break away from 脱离; 打破陈规break through 突围; 突破; 冲垮; 克服break up 打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解break ones word/promise 食言; 说话不算数16. watch out