人教版高中英语必修五Unit2TheUnitedKingdom-语法篇(教师版)

1、Unit2 The United Kingdom -语法篇1. 学会过去分词作宾补的用法；2. 理解作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系3. 能够使用过去分词做宾补的情况作对相关题目，灵活使用。过去分词作宾补作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系1. 及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如： I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。2. 少数不及物动词如 go， change， fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如

2、： She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。3. 动词seat，hide ，dress， lose，devote 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。例如： When I came in ， I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况:1 .使役动词 get ， have ， make， keep，

3、 leave 等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表： “致使某人或某事被”We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist s.2 .感官动词 feel， find ， hear， notice ， see， watch 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表： “感 受到某人或某事被做” 。I was sleeping when I heard my name called.He was disappointed to find his sug

4、gestions turned down.I saw him beaten by his mother.3 . 表示 “意欲；命令”的动词如： like ， order，want， wish ，相当于过去分词短语前省略了 to be，表示 “希望 /要求某人或某事被做”I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possibleHe didn t want such question discussed at the meeting.The father wants his daughter taught the piano.1 感 feel 1

5、 闻 smell 1 发现 find2 听 hear，listen to ，3 情感want ，wish ，like4 使役keep，leave，get，have，make5 看 watch， notice ， see，look at ， observe， catch +sth./sb. done6 .有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态，这时过去分词改作主语补足语，说明主语所处的状态。The door was found broken.5. “with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：The murderer

6、 was brought in ， with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。 （表方式）With water heated ， we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。 （表条件）With the matter settled ， we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。 （表原因）注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。She stood in front of him ，

7、 with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（fix one ' s eyesyS定短语，因此，不可将句中fixed换为fixing ）He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。She felt her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。 （ beat 意为 “心跳 ” ，是不及物动词）掌握 “使役动词 have + 宾语过去分词” 的几种含义在“ have+宾语+过去

8、分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have也可用get.这一结构具有以下几种含义：1. 意为 “主语请别人做某事” 。例如：He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼睛。 （ “检查 ” 的动作由医生来进行）2. 意为 “主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情” 。例如：Be careful ， or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。3. 意为 “使完成某事” ，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。例如：He had the walls painted this mo

9、rning. 他今早把墙漆了。 （主语自己可能参与）4. 过去分词与不定式， 现在分词作宾补的区别 :三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系， 但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系， 不定式强调动作发生的全过程， 现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系， 正在进行。I saw her taken out of the classroom.I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.省略 to 的情况：1 ） 情态动词 （ 除 ought 外， ought to） ；第3页/共10页2 )使役动词let，have，make

10、 ；3 )感官动词see，watch ，look at ，notice ， observe，hear，listen to ， smell， feel ， find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则 to 不能省掉。I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.1. Li Hua hopes that his English teacher will suggest a good way to h

11、ave his English in a shortperiod of time.A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve解析：句意为：李华希望他的英语老师提出一个好方法，能使他的英语可以在短时间内得以提高。本题考查have sth.done这一短语的使用。因English与动词improve之间是被动关系，故选A项。B、D 项表主动关系，故排除。答案： A2. When the minister came to the snow-stricken area ， he was happy to see the disaster victims

12、well.A. take care ofB. took care of C. taken care ofD. taking care of解析：考查非谓语动词。从句子的结构和语意可以看出 victims 与 take care of 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。答案： C3. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused解析：句意为： Lucy 很有幽默感

13、，总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。考查非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除C、 D ， 因为 keep 后不用不定式作宾补。 amused 觉得好笑的； amusing 逗人笑的， 令人觉得好笑的。答案： A4. The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself by a young man in black.A. was followedB. followedC. followingD. had been followed解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语意可知， follow 和 herself 之间是动宾关系，因此用动词的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。注意：

14、 found 后不是句子， A 、 D 两项可直接排除。答案： B5. Television has so many advantages. It keeps us about the news， and it also providesentertainment in the home.A. informed ； latest B. to know ； later C. learning ； later D. to think ； latest解析：本题考查keep sb.done 的结构以及形容词的最高级的用法。句意为 “电视有如此多的好处，它使我们知道最新的消息，而且给我们在家里提供娱乐

15、 ” 。根据句意可知第一个空白处应用 informed作us的宾语补足语，表示我们被告知"，而the latest news则表示 最新消息”。答案： A一、用所给词的适当形式填空1. The teacher will have Nancy (clean) the classroom today.2. When I came here ， I saw him (read) an English book.3. The woman wanted her husband (examine) at once.4. I want him (finish) the homework in ti

16、me.5. Three famous parks in and around London had over 1 ， 400 trees (blow) over.6. What he had said made me (surprise).7. The murderer was brought in ， with his hands (tie) behind his back.8. I was wondering why they kept the door (lock) for such a long time.答案： 1.clean 2.reading 3.examined 4.to fi

17、nish 5. blown 6.surprised 7.tied 8.locked二、完成句子1. 学生们发现他们的老师们很忙。(形容词作宾语补足语)The students .2. 我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间。(现在分词作宾语补足语)I m sorry to so long.3. 请别拘束。(介词短语作宾语补足语)Please yourself .4. 当他回到教室的时候，他发现他的课桌被挪动了。(过去分词作宾语补足语)When he went back to the classroom ， .5. 周围种了许多漂亮的花，他的房子看上去就像一个花园。(过去分词作宾语补足语)around t

18、he building ， his house looks like a garden. 答案 :1 .found their teachers very busy2 .keep you waiting3 .make ； at home4 .he found his desk moved5 . With many beautiful flowers planted巩固提高一、单项填空1. The living room is clean and tidy ， with a dining table already for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. laying

19、C. to layD. being laid2. Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles.A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognizeD. recognized3. Helen had to shout above the sound of the music .A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard第 5页 /共 10页4. Having

20、 passed all the tests ， she felt a great weight off her mind.A. takingB. takenC. takeD. to be taken5. We are pleased to see the problem so quickly.A. settledB.having beensettledC. be settledD.settling6. The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself by a young man in black.A. was followedB.fol

21、lowedC. followingD.had beenfollowed7. Mother was upset that her son went out to play games ， leaving his homework A. doneB. doingC. undoneD. do8. I don t want the children out in such weather.A. takeB. to takeC. takenD. taking9. They kept their eyes upon the screen as an exciting football match was

22、televised live.A. fixingB. to be fixedC. to fixD. fixed10. When his wife returned ， the husband noticed her hair short.A. cuttingB. to be cut11. With all the money A. stealedB. stolenC. being cut D. cut the man can t afford a ticket.C. stealingD. be stolen12. Before he came to London ， he had never

23、heard a single English word A. speakingB. speakC. spokenD. to speak13. To their great fear ， they found in the heaviest snowfall they had ever had.A. they were catchingB. themselves caughtC. they had caughtD. themselves catching14. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had

24、had went wrongagain.A. itB. it repairedC. repaired D. to be repaired15. I have had my bike ， and I m going to have somebody my radio tomorrow.A. repair ；to repairB. repairing ； to be repairedC. repaired ； repairD. to repair ；repairing答案：1 .A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. C

25、13. B 14. C 15. C 一、单项填空1. （2019. 南平毕业班质检）We are all convinced that time ， effectively ， is money in the bank.A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use2. Though he didn t go to c，olleghe won two gold medals four silver medals.A. thanB. plusC. byD. beyond3. What the doctors most was that they could not find the

26、 cause of the strange disease.A. enjoyedB. puzzledC. chargedD. promised第5页/共10页第9页/共10页4. I heard from my mother just now and I was anxious the letter to read it.A. foldingB. unfoldingC. to unfoldD. to fold5. What he said a great effect upon us.A. haveB. does haveC. havingD. to have6. John was so sl

27、eepy that he could hardly keep his eyes .A. openB. to be openedC. to openD. opening7. I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have . So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up8. （2019 金华十校联考 ）not to drive after drinking , some

28、 drivers are still trying their luck ,which is really dangerous.A. Being reminded B. To remindC. Having reminded D. Reminded9. John plays basketball， if not better than ， David.A. as wellB. as well as C. so wellD. so well as10. by the beauty of nature ， the girl from London decided to spend another

29、two days on the farm.C. To be attracted D. Having attractedA. Attracting B. Attracted11. He accepted the suggestion that the taskthe next day.A. be finishedB. could be finishedC. would be finishedD. will be finished12. No one likes to see his feelings， so Gabriel Oak turned away.A. laugh atB. to be

30、laughed atC. laughing atD. laughed at13. the right kind of training ， these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given14. We all know that ， the situation will get worse.A. not if dealt carefully withB. if not carefully dealt withC. if

31、 dealt not carefully withD. not if carefully dealt with15. （2019. 长沙市南雅中学模拟 ）that he might lose his job ， Peter always works extra hours toplease his boss.A. WorryingB. Having worried C. Having been worried D. Worried16. We have got well prepared for the 2019 Olympic Games. I m sure that everyone fr

32、om the world willhave a（an）travel in Beijing.A. enjoyfulB. pleasedC. enjoyableD. pleasing17. （2019. 皖南八校第三次联考 ）It is necessary that we keep the young generationof thecurrent affairs.A. informed B. being informed C. informingD. to inform18. Be careful not toany letter when you spell the word.A. leave

33、 offB. leave outC. pick outD. take off19. We will try our best to save them out if there seemsany sign of life in the fallen buildings.A. to haveB. to beC. have come D. coming20. (2019 东北四市模拟 )The teacher was a bit surprised since she seldom saw articles in redink.A. writeB. writingC. writtenD. to b

34、e written答案： 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C二、完成句子1. 面对这样困难的形势，我们不知道该做什么。 ， we don t know what to do.2. 山顶上有一棵古松。an old pin tree on the top of the hill.3. 几分钟前他离开家前往车站。a few minutes ago.4. 简的父亲为她买了一辆新跑车，她为此感到自豪。Jane s fat

35、her bought her a new race car and .5. 我沿着大街走时，听到有人喊我的名字。 ， I my name .答案：1. Faced with such a difficult situation2. There stands3. He left home for station4. she felt proud of it5. While walking along the street ； heard； called一、阅读理解ANew York City consists of five boroughs ： Manhattan ， Brooklyn ， Q

36、ueens， the Bronx and Staten Island. The population is about 7.5 million living in Manhattan.Manhattan ， the center of the city ， is on an island between the Hudson River and the East River.Most of the famous buildings such as the Empire State and the United Nations and other skyscrapers are in Manha

37、ttan. Some of its districts are Broadway ， which has many theaters and cinemas； the Fifth Avenue ， with stores and apartments； Greenwich Village ， where many artists and writers have lived ； and Central Park ， with a small zoo and a skating rink.From Manhattan you have to cross to the other boroughs

38、 through a tunnel or over a bridge. The bridge from Brooklyn to Staten Island is the longest in the world.New York is the second largest port in the world and it has two airports ： Kennedy International for international flights and La Guaridia for flights inside the USA. Its temperature goes from v

39、ery cold in winter (sometimes twenty degrees centigrade below zero) to very hot in summer (sometimes 40 degrees centigrade). The people who live there come from all over the world and speak many different languages ； there are 324 Germans and 390， 000 Poles as well as people from Greece ， Scotland ，

40、 Ireland ， Hungary ， Italy and Romania. People call one district“ Little Italy ” and another “ Chinatown1. What do we know about Manhattan?A. Manhattan is in the east of the city of New York.B. There are lots of high-rises in Manhattan.C. Manhattan is not a place for artists to live in.D. Manhattan

41、is connected to the other parts of New York by way of highways.2. If you want to see wonderful plays ， you should go to.A. the Fifth AvenueB. Central ParkC. BroadwayD. the Empire State Building3. One district of New York City is called“ Chinatown ” because.A. it is part of China and is administered

42、by the Chinese governmentB. the main citizens there are mainly from ChinatownC. it is a district that has a large number of Chinese peopleD. it is a district that is famous for China making4. If you go from Italy ， you are supposed to get to New York through Airport.A. Kennedy InternationalB. La Gua

43、ridiaC. either of the above twoD. neither of the above two答案： 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.ABI am wearing a small red ribbon this morning to remind myself and others around me that today is World AIDS Day.The red ribbon ， an international symbol of AIDS awareness ， is gaining increasing public recognition as more

44、Chinese， from top leaders to movie stars ， wear it today.Gone were the days when the topic of HIV/AIDS was a public and media taboo( 禁忌 ). Over the past few years ， we have watched ， read and heard many stories from doctors ， volunteers and public health officials at the forefront of HIV/AIDS preven

45、tion and treatment.Quite a few people with HIV/AIDS have come forward to share their experiences on TV or in the media.The local and central governments have become more forthcoming (be helpful) with their new prevention and treatment programs ， and financial input. The latter rose from less than 1

46、million Yuan (US$ 121 ， 000) in 1986 to a pledge of 800 million Yuan (US$98.8 million) in the year of 2019.The change from silence to public and media campaigns with official promises has been remarkable ， especially since China battled through the SARS crisis.But have we got a full understanding on

47、 HIV/AIDS? What do we know about the extent of HIV/AIDS in China?The figures ， ranging from confirmed cases to estimates ， remain debated. After all ， no more than a year has passed since the policy of free medical tests was making public. Unknown numbers from the high-risk groups drug addicts and people working in sex-related place as well as farmers who once sold blood could still be reluctant to come forward.1. What does the red ribbon stand for?A. AIDS.B. World AIDS Day.C. AIDS awareness.D. AIDS prevention and treatment.2. Which of th