跨文化交际课程unit3

1、Intercultural CommunicationLecture 3: verbal communicationReviewReviewmCode Language code Behaviour codemContext High-context communication Low-context communicationCase study: Case study: Dinner with FriendsDinner with FriendsmJanices question: what went wrong ? When Chinese have visitors, they are

2、 often extremely hospitable in offering food. If guests are invited for a meal, Chinese prepare a very large number of dishes, usually far more than can be eaten at the time. Conversely, Westerners tend to relate the meal size more accurately to the peoples appetites, both the quantity and variety o

3、f the meal are far less than in China.mThe Chinese host often constantly puts the best pieces of food on the visitors plate, which is an expression of hospitality. Westerners, on the other hand, usually leave the guest to help himself/herself and do not keep urging him/her to eat more. In China it i

4、s acceptable to leave unwanted food on the plate, whereas according to Western custom, it is impolite to do so.mAs a result, misunderstandings occur. If the Chinese are invited to dinner by a Westerner, they may feel the Westerner is ungenerous because of the small amount of food and because they ar

5、e not constantly encouraged to eat more.mThey may remain hungry after dinner since the food is even not offered a second time after their polite initial decline. Whereas the Western visitors in a Chinese home often have a pile of food on their plate (including food they do not particularly want), wh

6、ich according to their culture they should finish eating. But the more they eat, the more thay are given.Warm-up casesWarm-up casesmCase 1 Twelve Cups of TeamWhen I first went to Hong Kong, I had no idea about Chinese tea-drinking and found myself caught in a very awkward situation. I visited a Chin

7、ese family and was immediately given a cup of tea. I was not thirsty and I did not particularly like that type of tea, but out of politeness I finished the cup. But the more I drank, the more I was given. I kept insisting that I did not want any more, but the host took no notice. I drank about twelv

8、e cups of tea that afternoon! The host must have thought I was very greedy, but I did not know how to aviod getting more tea poured.mHow could you help I in this case out of the awkward situation?mCase 2 Sitting Down W: (Showing C the sofa) Sit down, please. C: No, no. Ill sit here. (Moving towards

9、a chair) W: Oh, do sit over here on the sofa. C: No, no. This chair is perfectly all right. Westerners usually sit wherever the host points to or where they themselves like to sit, regardless of the kind of seats there might be, while choosing to sit in a less comfortable place is a sign of modesty

10、in China.ContentContentmAddressingmGreetingsmVisitingmPartingsmComplimentsmThe fixed Cultural AssumptionmExpressions of gratitude and aplologyVerbal communicationVerbal communicationm1. addressing people-making contact1. addressing people-making contact What are the differences of addressing people

11、What are the differences of addressing people between English and Chinese cultures ?between English and Chinese cultures ?Chinese name: Chinese name: 姓+ +名English name: English name: Given name (first name/first name+middle name) Given name (first name/first name+middle name) 名Surname (family name/l

12、ast name) Surname (family name/last name) 姓 He Xiangu He Xiangu Andrew Lewis Andrew LewisHow to address people?How to address people?mAcquaintance : Mr. Ms. or Mrs. + surnamemVIP: Title + full name/ surname Ambassador大使 Doctor博士 Judge法官 Governor 主管 Duke 公爵 Marquess 侯爵 Count or Earl伯爵 Viscount子爵 Baro

13、n男 爵mStranger: Mr./Madam (only use the word Sir if he is much older than you or you dont know his surname but he is a VIP)Summary of addressing peopleSummary of addressing peopleLets have a try !Lets have a try !mEnglish name: Linell Davis (A Doctor and a Professor in Nanjing University)mHis student

14、s should address him : ?mHis wife should address him: ?mHis colleague should address him:？How to express How to express fufu +title? +title?mPlease match the following two groups. vice associate assistantdeputy directorprofessormanagerpresident行政头衔 以“副”字的表示副职的行政职务头衔，可用 vice、deputy 表达。实际使用时究竟选用哪个，纯属搭

15、配习惯。一般来说，vice与president、 premier、 chairman、 minister、 governor搭配；deputy与director、 chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor搭配。似乎可以认为，Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。 学术头衔 学术头衔的“副”职称，常用 associate 表示。如： 副教授associate professor 副研究员 associate research fellow 副审判长 associate judge 副主任医师associate doctor In some cultures and in

16、some groups and social situations within cultures, behaving in a formally polite way is more important than in other cultures, groups and situations. In general: High LowJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaMalaysiaChinaVietnamThailandSingaporeTaiwanPhilippinesCanadaUnited StatesAustraliavery highhigh to very h

17、ighhighhighmoderately highmoderately highmoderatemoderatemoderatemoderatemoderate to lowlowvery lowfor examplefor example If a businessman wants to meet a senior executive of a Janpanese organization,he will need to find someone to arrange an introduction. In this situation the reqiurements for form

18、al politeness are very high.GreetingsGreetings Western expressions - please try to translate them into ChineseGood morning/afternoon/evening.How are you?How are things going?How are you getting on?How are things (with you)?Hows everything?Hows life?Hello.Hey. /Hi.Chinese expressionsChinese expressio

19、nsmWhere are you going? 你上哪去？mWhere have you been? 你去哪里啦？mHave you had your meal? 吃过了吗？ Its none of your business.Initiating Conversations and Initiating Conversations and Conversation TopicConversation Topic What topics should be avoided in initiating conversation? Age Money/Salary Health Family Th

20、e accepted topics such as the following: Hobbies Holidays Jobs The weather A local or national event Films/booksVisitingVisiting A Arrange a time in advance rrange a time in advance BeBe straight to the point straight to the pointFor example: telephone callsFor example: telephone callsAmericans atti

21、tude towards the business telephone calls :Americans attitude towards the business telephone calls : The callers apologize only when they feel they have called The callers apologize only when they feel they have called at an inappropriate time ; at an inappropriate time ; They ask for the intended a

22、ddressee without identifying They ask for the intended addressee without identifying themselves or conversing with the answer ;themselves or conversing with the answer ; They behave as though the person who has answered the They behave as though the person who has answered the phone is just an exten

23、sion of the instrument itself.phone is just an extension of the instrument itself.Chinese attitude towards the business telephone calls :Chinese attitude towards the business telephone calls : The callers usually repeat hello before they start to talk; The callers usually repeat hello before they st

24、art to talk; Their answers first ask directly Who are you ? when Their answers first ask directly Who are you ? when they pick up the receiver and begin to talk.they pick up the receiver and begin to talk. more flexiblemore flexiblemThe suitable expressionsThe suitable expressions I havent seen you

25、for a long time. I was wondering whether I could come round to visit you sometime. Id like to come and see you sometime. Would you be free one afternoon next week? Mr. Zhang and I would like to come and visit you. Would it be convenient for us to come Wednesday evening? Things to be mindedThings to

26、be mindedmAdvance noticemTake off the out-door clothing immediately, if not, they would consider you stay only a few minutes.mFinish eatingmFood-offering differencesPartingsPartingsmWesterners: a couple of minutes small talk Well, its been lovely to see you again, but I must be going soon. I hope we

27、ll be able to get together again before long Thank you for a lovely evening. I must not hold you any longer.mChinese: abrupt leaving-taking Im leaving now.ComplimentsCompliments: : c compliments and ompliments and compliments responsescompliments responses Chinese : Fishing for compliments C: Growin

28、g flowers is my hobby, but Im not much good at it. W: But these flowers are beautiful. C: I wish I could do as well! W: I really know little about the subject. C: Well, I certainly dont know anybody who knows more than you do!mIn western world, it is common for a man to informally give a woman compl

29、iments on her looks or clothing.mIn China, it is taken as a kind of flirtation if a man compliments a woman. Chinese people compliment each other much less frequently than westerners do. Chinese people try to draw a line between compliment and flattery. Chinese people interpret others positive compl

30、iments as a request for possessing something.Response Formulas of EResponse Formulas of Englishnglish and and C Chinesehinese compliments complimentsAmerican Expression A: This is really a nice sweater. -B: Im glad you like it. A: You did a good job. -B: Thank you/Thanks.Chinese Expression A: Your s

31、weater is very good. -B: I bought it only for ten yuan. A: You did the job very well. -B: Thats the result of joint efforts./Theres still much room for improvement. Generally speaking, native English speakers tend to accept the compliments while the Chinese tend to efface themselves in words althoug

32、h they do feel comfortable about the compliments. Sometimes humorous responses could be used when with intimate friends. efface: to behave in a quite way that does not make people notice or look at youCultural AssumptionCultural Assumption ( (文化假定文化假定) )m“Good” refers to ones health, appearance and

33、manner in both E and C culturesm“Losing weight” means good in E culture but not good in C culturem“Putting on weight” can be a compliment to Chinese but offensive to AmericansExpressions of gratitude and aplologyExpressions of gratitude and aplologymThe expressions are far more frequently used in En

34、glish than in Chinese.mChinese often neglect minor favors especially among friends and members of family. They think the expressions of gratitude and apology unnecessary and even tiresome.Some special Chinese expressionsSome special Chinese expressions It doesnt matter. 没关系 Never mind. 不要紧 （response

35、s to apology） Youre welcome. 不用谢 Its my pleasure. 没关系（responses to gratitude）Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)._All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly._Addressing forms like Miss Mary, Brown by the

36、Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise._Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as title._We can address Jason Douglas, who is a laywer, as Laywer Douglas.TTTF_Chinese hospitality toward the Westerners is always greatly appreciated._The Chinese way of showing concern is usu

37、ally appreciated by the Westerners._Thank you for coming! is a typical expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived._Im sorry to have wasted your time or Im sorry to have taken up so much of your time are usually appropriate for the business visit.TFFFActivities: Begin a conversatio

38、n with a Activities: Begin a conversation with a compliment in pairscompliment in pairsmExample: Maria: You did a nice job on the project the boss gave you. Kara: Thanks. It took about two weeks to complete it. Maria: Thats not bad. It takes some people four weeks to do the same job. Kara: Really? I didnt think it was that hard. (The conversation continues.)mThe following are some suggestions (or you can think of some on your own). 1. (two nwighbors) One compliments the others garden. 2. (guest