2014年职称英语等级考试题及答案_理工B

1、2014ÄêÖ°³ÆÓ¢ÓïµÈ¼¶¿¼ÊÔÕæÌ⣨Àí¹¤ÀàB¼¶£©µÚ1²¿·Ö£º´Ê»ãÑ¡Ï

2、µÚ1¡«15Ì⣬ÿÌâ1·Ö£¬¹²15·Ö£©ÏÂÃæÿ¸ö¾ä×ÓÖоùÓÐ1¸ö´Ê»ò

3、;Õ߶ÌÓï»®Óе׺áÏߣ¬ÇëΪÿ´¦»®Ïß²¿·ÖÈ·¶¨1¸öÒâÒå×îΪ½

4、1;½üµÄÑ¡Ïî¡£1. The majority of people around here are decent.A. real B. honest C. normal D. wealthy2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A. hidden B. traditional C. inflexible D. official3. The committee was asked to render a report on the h

5、ousing situation.A. furnish B. copy C. publish D. summarize4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let down.A. excitement B. disappointment C. anger D. calm5. Several windows had been smashed.A. cleaned B. replaced C. fixed D. broken6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. pains B. pa

6、rts C. aspects D. results7. London quickly became a flourishing port.A. major B. large C. successful D. commercial8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homework B. justice C. model D. act9. He led a very moral life.A. human B. intelligent C. natural D. honorable10. His stomach f

7、elt hollow with fear.A. sincere B. respectful C. empty D. terrible11. It was a magic night until the spell was broken.A. time B. charm C. space D. opportunity12. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. started B. changed C. moved D. lasted13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the pr

8、esent system.A. discover B. prove C. consider D. imagine14. His knowledge of French is fair.A. very useful B. very limited C. quite good D. rather special15. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limit B. regulate C. oppose D. supportµÚ2²¿·Ö£º

9、2;ĶÁÅжϣ¨µÚ16¡«22Ì⣬ÿÌâ1·Ö£¬¹²7·Ö£©ÏÂÃæµÄ¶ÌÎĺóÁгöÁ

10、3;7¸ö¾ä×Ó£¬Çë¸ù¾Ý¶ÌÎĵÄÄÚÈݶÔÿ¸ö¾ä×Ó×ö³öÅжϣ»Èç¹û¸

11、95;¾äÌṩµÄÊÇÕýÈ·ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÇëÑ¡ÔñA£»Èç¹û¸Ã¾äÌṩµÄÊÇ´íÎóÐ&#

12、197;Ï¢£¬ÇëÑ¡ÔñB£»Èç¹û¸Ã¾äµÄÐÅÏ¢ÎÄÖÐûÓÐÌá¼°£¬ÇëÑ¡ÔñC¡£So Man

13、y ¡°Earths¡±The Milky Way contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life that's thefinding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.The authors of a study published in The Proceedings of the Nationa ofsciences,

14、conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, wi a mass andtemperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life know it.The estimate is rough, the authors adm o the solar system, it would defineas habitable a zone starting as close to the us and running to as far away

15、as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although e ght have been in the distant past). Using tighterlimits, the researchers estimate that 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sunlike stars could hostan Earth-sized world. These are o hat would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearlyorbit.The new estimate of how m

16、any planets might fit the ns comes from studyingmore than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable w biting them. The scientists usedthose numbers to extrapolate to the rest of the st elescope could not see .Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earthe zone. That's, but no more t

17、han twicethat big. The planet also would have to orbit in a star's hab 's where thesurface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liq idA mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler hadplayed a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting

18、some 170,000 stars. Its data havebeen helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. T pefocused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.16. The Kep ace telescope has been in service for 15 years.17. n task of the Kepler space telescope is to find o

19、ut planets with similar conditionsto Earth s.Four out of 00 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean,however, that the M y could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a changefor life.B. Wrong C. Not mentionedA. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. The planet that c

20、ould support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. The Earth is planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not

21、mentioned21. The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.2014 Ö°³ÆÓ¢ÓïÍøÂ羫Ʒ¿Î³ÌµÚ2 Ò³£¬¹²10Ò³A. Right B. Wro

22、ng C. Not mentioned22. This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentionedµÚ3²¿·Ö£º¸ÅÀ¨´óÒâºÍÍê³É¾ä×Ó£

23、8;µÚ23¡«30Ì⣬ÿÌâ1·Ö£¬¹²8·Ö£©ÏÂÃæµÄ¶ÌÎĺóÓÐ2Ïî²âÊÔÈÎÎñ£º

24、63;¨1£©µÚ23 26ÌâÒªÇó´ÓËù¸øµÄ6¸öÑ¡ÏîÖÐΪָ¶¨¶ÎÂäÿ¶ÎÑ¡Ôñ1¸öÐ&

25、#161;±êÌ⣻£¨2£©µÚ27 30ÌâÒªÇó´ÓËù¸øµÄ6¸öÑ¡ÏîÖÐΪÿ¸ö¾ä×ÓÈ·¶¨

26、Ò»¸ö×î¼ÑÑ¡Ïî¡£Climate Change: The Long Reach1. Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice ismelting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment

27、 to bettergauge (ÆÀ¹À) Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very longtime.2. People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, acolorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth¡¯s

28、 surface. And the more carbon dioxidereleased, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn¡¯t slow, thelong-term climate impacts could last thousands of years ¡ª and be more severe than scientists hadbeen expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the U

29、niversity of Hawaii at Manoa offers thisconclusion in a new paper.3. Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so. Duringthat time, changes in the planet's environment could nudge (Íƶ¯) global warming even higher.For example: Snow

30、and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can nowreach ¡ª and warm ¡ª the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more,causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a ¡°fastfeedba

31、ck.¡±.4. Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they're limited. From aclimate change perspective. "This century is the most important time for the next fewgenerations,¡± he told Science News. ¡°But the world is not ending in

32、 2100.¡± For his new study,Zeebe now focuses on ¡°slow feedbacks¡±. While fast feedback events unfold over decades orcenturies, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and themigration of plant life ¡ª as they relocate to

33、more comfortable areas ¡ª are two examples of slowfeedbacks.5. Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how suchprocesses played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Thenhe came up with a forecast for the future that account

34、s for both slow and fast feedbackprocesses. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ¡ãC ¡ª fora 6¡ã total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that

35、 stow feedback events will cause globalwarming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.A. Impact of burning fossil fuelsB. Slow feedbacksC. A prediction of future climate changeD. Fast feedbacksE. Rising of sea levelsF. Unpredictability of feedback processes23.

36、 Paragraph 2 _A_24. Paragraph 3 _D_25. Paragraph 4 _B_26. Paragraph 5 _C_27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _B_.28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach _E_.29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _F_.30. After fossil fuels are used up, global war

37、ming will continue for _A_.A. a very long timeB. recorded historyC. rapid exaggeration of impactsD. the extra heatE. the exposed groundF. previously published studiesµÚ4²¿·Ö£ºÔĶÁÀí½â£¨µÚ31¡«

38、;45Ì⣬ÿÌâ3·Ö£¬¹²45·Ö£©ÏÂÃæÓÐ3ƪ¶ÌÎÄ£¬Ã¿Æª¶ÌÎĺóÓÐ5µÀÌâ

39、1;£Çë¸ù¾Ý¶ÌÎÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÎªÃ¿ÌâÈ·¶¨1¸ö×î¼ÑÑ¡Ïî¡£µÚһƪ Approaches to Understandin

40、g Intelligences(±¾´Î¿¼ÊÔÀí¹¤AÔĶÁÆäÖÐһƪ)It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, butyou might not be a good reader. Each of

41、us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personalabilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one generalintelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .Some psychologists say there is o

42、ne type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kindof test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers orpictures. They do well on individual or gr

43、oup tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorlyon one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain ofintelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higherintelligenc

44、e show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligenceresult from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .Hebelieves that all children are d

45、ifferent and shouldn¡¯t be tested by one intelligence test .AlthoughGardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn¡¯t think it tells much about the talents of aperson outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has differentintelligences .These intelligences

46、 allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with inlife .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purposeof school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For examp

47、le ,when one part of the Brain isinjured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage canstill sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds ofintelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interperso

48、nal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic(ÉíÌ嶯¾õµÄ),and naturalistic .31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.32.

49、Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on

50、written tests than on oral tests.33. Gardner believes that _.A. children have different intelligences.B. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.34. According to Gardner, schools should _.A. test students¡¯ IQs.B. train stude

51、nts who do poorly on tests.C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.D. promote development of all intelligences.35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a _.A. musical foundation.B. biological foundation.C. intrapersonal foundation.D. linguistic foundation.µÚ¶þƪ

52、 The Mir Space StationThe Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneeringthe concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the humanspace flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.During Mir¡¯s l

53、ifetime, Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, onFebruary 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whomwere not Russian. In fact, it became the first

54、international space station by playing host to 62people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States tookturns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited thestation during nine stopovers by space shuttles.The more than

55、400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Miroperating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station projectvaluable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.A debate continues over Mir¡¯s contributions to

56、science. During its existence, Mir was thelaboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from thefirst solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to

57、 how to grow wheat inspace. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live andwork in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 daysthat Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyeva

58、ccumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay wasthat of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, anoxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main comp

59、uter system broke down, causing the station todrift several times and there were power failures.Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir¡¯sreputation as a space station was ruined.Mir¡¯s setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them wit

60、h its accomplishments. Mirwas a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and thespace station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it¡¯s time to moveon to the next generation. The International Space Station being built w

61、ill be better, but it owes agreat debt to Mir.(³ö´¦£º2014ÄêÖ°³ÆÓ¢Óï½Ì²ÄÀí¹¤Àà¸ÅÀ¨´óÒâÓëÍê³É¾

62、28;×Ó µÚ°ËƪThe Mir Space Station)36. We can learn from the passage that the Mir Space StationA. was designed to last over 5 years.B. played host to 7 astronauts from different countries.C. was visited only by Americans.D. was built by Russians.37. One of the

63、contributions Mir makes to science is that itA. help astronauts get close to Mars.B. enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment.C. sets a record of the longest single human stay in space.D. shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive.38. What happened to Mir in 1997?A

64、. it ran out its fund.B. it was completely damaged by fire.C. its reputation was ruined due to power failures.D. its main computer system broke out.39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA. space exploration will not experience setbacks.B. it is difficult for other space stations exceed

65、Mir¡¯s success.C. Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in history.D. multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments.40. What is the author¡¯s attitude toward Mir?A. indifferent. B. ironic. C. favorable. D. negativeµÚÈýƪ

66、; Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance£¨2014Ö°³ÆÓ¢ÓïÀí¹¤A¿¼ÊÔÕæÌâÖеÄÔĶÁÀí½â£©Bored of using a mouse?

67、 Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen¡ªandthen move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet ¨C with nothing more than a glance.A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records yourfield of view so it knows where you are

68、looking on the screen. Gazing at an object¡ªa photo, say ¨Cand then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet orsmartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly."The beauty of using gaze to s

69、upport this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that wewant to acquire," says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at LancasterUniversity, UK.Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contactinformation from a public display to your sma

70、rtphone or for sharing photos.A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up withthe "Midas touch" (µãʯ³É½ð) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze,says Turner. "Imagine if your

71、 mouse clicked on everything it pointed at," he says.Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale,California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of usinggaze-tracking to interact. "EyeDrop solves this in a slick

72、 way by combining it with input on thetouch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutchingmechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly interact across devices far and closein a very natural manner."While current eye-trackers are rath

73、er bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too faraway. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptopsand tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset isexpected to include eye-tracking in the future.Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-droppedusing a mix of gaze and taps on a touchscreen. The