2020版第1部分必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars单词拼写应用核心单词1. atmospheren. 大气层； 气氛2. solar adj.太阳的；日光的3. thus adv.因此；于是4. gen tie adj.温和的；文雅的5. climate n. 气候6. crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落7.pull n. & vt.拉（力）;拖；牵引力8.n.float vi.& vt.（使）浮动；（使）漂浮漂浮物systemn.系统；体系；制度10. theoryn.学说；理论9.语境运用用所给词的适当形式填空。1.A truc

2、k went out of con trol and crashed (crash) into the back of a bus.2.He found someth in g floating (float) on the lake, which frighte ned him.3.However, he was the gentlest (gentle) man I have ever known.4.When her dinner partner showed up she also pulled (pull) up a chair.5.(2017 全国卷 E )We are look

3、ing at the ben efits of systems (system) which controltheir sp eed as a way of p reve nting that.拓展单词1. globe n.球体；地球仪；地球7 global adj.全球性的；全世界的2. violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的7 violence n.暴力7 violently adv.暴力地;猛烈地3. like vt.喜欢 prep.像7dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌likely adj.可能的unlike prep.与不同；不像4. harm n. & vt.伤害h

4、armful adj.有害的harmlessadj.无害的 5. exist vi.存在； 生存 existencen. 存在； 生存6. puzzle vt.& vi.（使）迷惑；（使）为难n.谜；难题puzzled adj.感到困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的 7. religion n.宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 8 biology n.生物学biologist n.生物学家 9. react v.反应reactionn. 反应； 回应语境运用用所给词的适当形式填空。1. There was a puzzled look on

5、 the little gir's face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)2. Last night we had a discussion which became more and more violent.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)3. Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical he

6、alth but it is also harmful to your men tal health.So there is no harm in advis ing you to give it up .(harm)4. He often says that he does'nt believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others religious freedom.(religion) 5. Un like me, my youn ger brother, a tall and strong young man like

7、s p lay ing basketball very much.It is likely that he will become a Yao Mi ng in the future.(like)阅读词汇1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.fun dame ntal adj.基本的；基础的cha in n.链子：连锁：锁链acid n.酸mult ip lyv.乘：增加gravity n.万有引力：重力exhaustvt.用尽：耗尽：使精疲力尽satellite n.卫星：人造卫星spaceship n.宇宙飞船astr onomy n.天文学carb onn.碳拓展联想1. un-前缀高频形

8、容词集锦uni ike不像的un fair不公平的unimp orta nt不重要的un usual不寻常的un ha ppy不幸福的unfortun ate不幸运的 unn ecessary不需要的2.以-ful结尾的形容词 harmful有害的 useful有用的 helpful有帮助的 po werful强大的 careful小心的forgetful健忘的 sorrowful悲伤的3.后缀-ist名词荟萃biologist生物学家 tourist旅游者；游客 physicist物理学家 scientist科学家 psychologist 心理学家 sp ecialist 专家 artis

9、t艺术家 熟词生义 你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗?1. （2017 浙江卷）Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. Hepulled in front of it as the wolf was catchi ng up fast, just a doze n yards away no w 停车2. As we know, Japan, made up of a chain of isla nds that lie off the coast of Asia, 3/13is a country where n atural disasters occ

10、ur freque ntl 一 系列； 一连串3. Small bus in esses are finding it hard to survive in the p rese nt econom Climate. 环境短语多维应用高频短语2.3.1. in time及时；终于 preve nt .from 阻止； 制止4.cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋5.6.lay eggs 下蛋give birth to 产生； 分娩语境运用选用上边短语的适当形式填空。 Now that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health

11、 we should takeeffective measures toprevent it from getting from bad to worse.No matter what happens we must cheer up and try to reduce the pollution.lf we keep on we'llsucceed® in time.7. in one's turn 轮到某人8 watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防9. depend on 依靠； 取决于break out突发；爆发10.11.12.13.block ou

12、t 挡住（光线）get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解at mid night 在午夜now that 既然语境运用选用上边短语的适当形式填空。A fire broke out in the building last night.Luckily , the firefighters arrived in timeand put out the fire.We were warned towatch out for electricity and gas whencooking our meals.Thanks to the firefighters help, we were not

13、 injured.They are themen that we can® dep end on whe n we are in trouble.拓展联想1.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃 watch out (for)小心；当心当心 take care小心 be careful小心 look out13/132. V.from表”阻止，禁止”短语 discourage sb.from doing sth. stop/p reve nt sb.from doing sth. ban sb.from doing sth. kee p sb.from doing sth.句式结构仿写教

14、材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.whether.or not 是否。The earth became so viole nt that it was not clear whether the sha pe would last or not.他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。It's not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreeme nt through com muni catio n or not.2.make it + adj. + to do sth.。This produced a chain reaction w

15、hich made it po ssible for life to devel op.我精通英语，这使我更容易找到一份好工作。I have a good comma nd of En glish, which makes it easier for me to find a good job.3.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+ asoBut when I tried to step forward, I foundI was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我 相信我这次能成功。I d

16、evoted three times as much time and en ergy as I did before, so I believe I will succeed this time.4.形容词作伴随状语。We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the sp acesh ip as the earth s gravity in creased.他在风雪中待了七天，又冷又饿。He spent seve n days in the wind and sno w-cold and hungry.析考点重难探究II 高

17、领专点详剖闵裕-i石展深伫精讲3个考纲单词1. harmful adj.有害的单句语法填空 As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health. As far as I'm concerned, there is no harmjn maki ng an apo logy to him first.(2)链接写作一句多译众所周知，过量喝酒对你的健康有害。 It is known to us that drinking too much is harmful to your health.(harmful

18、) It is known to us that drinking too much does harm to your health.(harnn.)先理解再牢记(1)be harmful to sb/sth.对某人 /某物有害Ido/cause harm to sb. 亠亠"do/cause sb.harm对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth. ，、“亠， 叫tdoesnoharmtodost；做某事没有坏处佳句背诵 These days, break ing traffic rules and litteri ng are com mon,cau

19、s in g/do ing serious harm to life and the en vir onment.2.exist vi.存在；生存单句语法填空 Scie ntists have many theories about how the uni verse first came in toexiste nce(exist). You can't imagi ne what difficulty they have existing (exist) on the money heis earning. There exists a wide range of differen

20、t opinions among the committeemembers.(2)链接写作完成句子虽然许多人有了汽车，但是停车却是个现存的问题。Many people have cars of their own but parking is an existing problem.先理解再牢记(1)exist in.存在于之中exist on靠为生There exists.某地有；存在 (2)existencen. 存在； 生存come into existe nee产生；成立；开始存在exist ing adj.现存的；现行的 名师点津exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态

21、。existing是只作定语的形容词。3.puzzle vt.（使）迷惑；（使）为难；（使）窘困；感到迷惑n.（游戏的）猜谜；难题；谜(1)单句语法填空When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with apuzzled look on her face. (puzzle) She lost heart since she failed in the exam, because her future was pu zzli ng(pu zzle). The police are still

22、puzzling about/over how the accident could havehappened.（2）链接写作完成句子事实上，困扰你的事情对于中国的许多父母来说也是一个难题。What puzzles you is actually a puzzle to many parents in China.先理解再牢记（1）pu zzle about/over冥思苦想； 苦苦思索（2）a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)p uzzi ing adj. 令人迷惑的p uzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解名师点津 以

23、-ed 结尾的形容词，如 puzzled, con fused, frighte ned, excited,surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，女口 look, voice, smile, expression, face等。诠释3个核心短语1. in time及时；终于；迟早(1)单句语法填空 All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time forChristmas.(2016 全国卷 E )At_ one time, I even felt

24、my parents couldn ' t understand meso I hoped I could be free from them. Luckily, I ada pted to the new surroundings and everyth ing retur ned to normalin no time.(2)链接写作完成句子我坚信我们的努力迟早会有所回报。I hold the firm belief that our efforts will pay off sooner or later/i n time.先理解再牢记(1)in no time立刻；马上at n

25、o time决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装结构)at a time每次；一次 at times有时，偶尔 at one time 曾经；一度at the same time同时 from time to time 有时； 偶尔take one s time别着急；慢慢来kill time消磨时间 2.in one s turn轮到某人 (1)单句语法填空At the meeting they took turns to put(put) forward a number of suggestionsaimi ng to p romote the reform of educati on s

26、ystem. Theory is based on p ractice andJn turn serves p ractice.(2)链接写作一句多译 两个女儿轮流照顾生病的母亲。 The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns. The two daughters took turns to look after their sick mother.先理解再牢记in turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth轮流做某事It is one's turn to

27、 do sth.轮到某人做某事 佳句背诵 People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their owncars, which in turn creates more problems.3.cheer up使）高兴；（使）振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋 （1）单句语法填空 Cheer Mary up, and thi ngs will work out for the best. Cathy did n't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her fri

28、ends andp raise their acco mp lishme nts.（2）链接写作词汇升级 （普通表达）When r m feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to make mehappy.（高级表达）When r m feeling depressed my mother tells me funny stories tocheer me up.先理解再牢记(1)cheer sb.up使某人振作起来cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for为而欢呼(2)Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯

29、!佳句背诵I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely!突破2个高考句型1.（教材 P26）This Produced a chain reaction which made it possible for life todevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。要点提炼make it + adj./n. + for sb.to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是动词不定式。单句语法填空People in the west make it a rule to buy(b

30、uy) Christmas presents for theirrelatives and frie nds. I consider it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.(2)链接写作一句多译随着一天天过去，我发现很难和他相处。With days going by, I found (that) it was hard to get along well with him.(宾语从句)With days going by, I found it hard to get along well with him.( 不定式作宾语)先理解

31、再牢记(1)make+ it +形谷词/名词+ that从句 make+ it +形容词/名词+ to do不定式 make+ it + no good/no use.+ do ing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find , feel等。2. (教材 P3i)But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地 球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

32、要点提炼twice as far as.是倍数的一种表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。(1)单句语法填空 This big stone is three times as_heavy(heavy) as that one. There are four times more(ma ny) books in our library tha n in yours.(2)链接写作一句多译正在修建的教学楼是那栋教学楼的三倍高。The teaching building being built now is three times as high as that one. (high)The teachin

33、g building being built now is three times higher than thaton e.(higher)is three times the height of that The teachi ng build ing being built nowon e.(height)先理解再牢记英语中常见的倍数表达法:A + be+倍数+ as+原级+ as BA + be+倍数+比较级+ tha n BA + be+倍数+ the +名词(size/weight/ length.) + of BA +倍数+ what从句，表示“ A是的多少倍”名师点津在表示 两

34、倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用 基数词+ times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。提考能索养达标I .单句语法填空1.The woma n p hysicist gave ( give ) birth to a fine healthy girl last year.2.No one can account for the reason why the fire broke (break) out so suddeniy.3.The two theories ( theory) he put forward fin ally pro ved scie

35、 ntific.4.As is known to us, the Peop les Rep ublic of Chi na came in to existence (exist)as an independent country in 1949.5.Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming onEarth.6.It doesri t matter much whether Tom will come to the party or not tonight.7.Newt on was on

36、e of the greatest p hysicists(p hysics) in the world and manypeople admire him very much.8. Unlike(like) most people in the office who come to work by car , I usuallycome to work by bus.9. The conversation was carried onJn a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.10. The new teacking building being buil

37、t now will be three times higger thanthe P rese nt one.n .课文语法填空根据P25-26课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The earth was just a cloud of dust 1.whose future is uncertain after the “ BigBang” . Then the dust began to settle into a solid ball which was scvoient(violenee) and exploded loudly with fire and r

38、ock.They were in time 3.to produce(produce)many things, which made the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, waterbegan to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful(harm) gases. Then lifebega n to devel op.Many millio ns of years later, small plants app eared.They multi plied

39、 and5.filled(fill) the ocea ns and seas with oxyge n. Land 6.animals(a ni mal) followed after the first gree n p la nts app eared. The n small clever an imals sp read all 7.over the earth.Huma ns devel oped new means of grow ing, hun ti ng and moving aroun d.As time went by they covered the earth. N

40、ow too much carb on dioxide has bee n put into theatmosphere which prevents heat from 8.escaping(escape) from the earth into space.As 9.a result, the p roblem of global warmi ng occurs.Whether life will con ti nue on the earth for millio ns of years 10.to come(come) will depend on whether this p rob

41、lem can be solved.m .概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。“In wilderness(荒野)is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous sayingfrom a writer regarded as one of the fathers of en viro nmen talism.The freque ncy withwhich it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection whether topl

42、 ace wilder ness at the heart of what is to be p reserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out there is a strong appeal in imagesof the wild，the untouched; more than anything else.The urge to leave the subject ofsuch images un touched is strong, and the dan ger expl oitati on(开发)brings to such

43、Iandscapes景观)is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform functions thathuma ns n eec the rai nforests，for exa mp le, store carb on in vast qua ntities.ToMr.Sauven, these “ ecosystem services ” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute，takes the opposing view.Heack no wledges that wilder nesses do pro vide useful servicessuch as watercon servati on .But that is not a