专四语法2：非谓语动词

1、非谓语动词 A. 类型类型 B.功能功能 1.不定式不定式 主语、表语、宾语、补语、主语、表语、宾语、补语、 定语、状语定语、状语 2.分词分词 表语、定语、状语和补语表语、定语、状语和补语 3.动名词动名词 主语、表语、定语和宾语主语、表语、定语和宾语基本特点：基本特点：做很多句子成分，但就是做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为这也是它们被称为非谓语动词非谓语动词的原因。的原因。 它们它们具有各种形态具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动：原形、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。态、进行态和完成态。 不受主语的人称和数的限制不受主语的人称和数的限制。不定式n只能加只能

2、加+ to do aim, agree, arrange, ask, afford, apply, attempt, beg, claim, choose, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, elect, endeavor, bother, care, fail, decline, guarantee, happen, hesitate, hope, hurry, long, manage, offer, pretend, plan, plot, promise, presume, proceed, refuse, request, resolv

3、e, seek, strive, tend, threaten, undertake, etc.不定式的时态主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式to doto be done完成式完成式to have doneto have been done进行式进行式to be doing完成进行式完成进行式to have been doingn 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式n不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是动作是同时发生的或是在其后发生同时发生的或是在其后发生的。例的。例如：如：n Thousands of young people are lear

4、ning to ski (同时同时)n Where can we get some sickles to cut the rice with?我们到哪儿去弄些镰刀割稻我们到哪儿去弄些镰刀割稻呢呢?(之后）之后）The Minister of Finance is believed _of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (2004-48)nA. that he is thinking B. to be thinkingnC. that he is to think D. to think 答案：答案：Bn试题分析：本题考查的是非谓语动词的用

5、试题分析：本题考查的是非谓语动词的用法。详细解答：用动词不定式的现在进行法。详细解答：用动词不定式的现在进行时：时：to be doing，意为，意为“正在考虑正在考虑”。不定式的进行式不定式的进行式n1. 不定式的进行式强调其所表示的动作不定式的进行式强调其所表示的动作在在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在进主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在进行。行。nHe pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.nHe is said to write a preface to the book. (He will write)nHe is s

6、aid to be writing a preface to the book. (He is writing)n2. 不定式的完成进行式强调其所表示的动不定式的完成进行式强调其所表示的动作作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生之前在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生之前发生，而且一直进行发生，而且一直进行。nShe is known to have been working on the problem for many years.nHe looked too young to have been publishing books for six years. 他看上去很他看上去很年轻，不像是已经出版

7、了六年书的人。年轻，不像是已经出版了六年书的人。不定式的完成式n1. 用在用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, wanted, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等后，表示等后，表示过去没有实现过去没有实现的愿望，计划或期待的愿望，计划或期待等。也可用来表示等。也可用来表示先先于谓语动词发生动作或状态于谓语动词发生动作或状态，to have +过过去分词表示动作，去分词表示动作，to have been表示状态。表示状态。nI intended to have come to see y

8、ou. (我本打我本打算来看你的算来看你的)nHe was to have fetched you here他本该去他本该去把你带来的。把你带来的。nShe has to have passed Advanced Level in two subjects before she goes to university. (必先通过必先通过，才能，才能)nYou are lucky to have won the girls heart(You have won)n2.用在用在seem, appear, think, consider, believe 等后，不定式的完成式所表示的动作（状等后，不

9、定式的完成式所表示的动作（状态）态）发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前之前，它一般强调事情的完成或结果。，它一般强调事情的完成或结果。nJudging from his manners at the party, he doesnt seem to have received much education.nHe was believed to have been a reporter. 3. 在在should/would like或或should/would have liked后用不定式完成式表示后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿没有实现的愿望望。nI sh

10、ould like to have gone with her. (但没有但没有去去)nI should have liked to have seen her face when she read the letter. (我真想见到她读我真想见到她读信时的表情。信时的表情。)1. AIDS is said _ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. (2002-46)nbeing B. to be C. to have been D. having beenn答案

11、：答案：CA.由句中的时间状语由句中的时间状语“over the past few years”可知动作发生在谓语动作之前可知动作发生在谓语动作之前,故应用故应用不定式的完成式作宾语。不定式的完成式作宾语。n2. Professor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year. (1999-43)nhaving made B. making C. to have made D. to maken答案：答案：CA.当动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应用不定式当动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应用不定式

12、的完成时表示。本句中的的完成时表示。本句中的Professor Johnson去去年的研究取得重大进展先于谓语动词年的研究取得重大进展先于谓语动词“据说据说”之前，故应用动词不定式的完成式之前，故应用动词不定式的完成式n3. At three oclock this morning, I seemed _ someone scream in the street. (1990-39)nhearing B. having heard C. to have heard D. to hear 答案答案 C练习n1. The Vikings are believed_ America. A. to h

13、ave discovered B. in discovering C. to discover D. to have been discovered答案：答案： A2. The students were to_ at the auditorium before 1:30 p. m. , but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.nA. assembled B. have assembled nC. assembling D. be assembled答案：答案：B3. He was to_ the new ambassador, but

14、 he fell ill.n A. having telephoned B. have telephoned n C. has telephoned D. telephoning答案：答案：Bbe+动词不定式1. 表示最近，未来的计划或安排（相当于表示最近，未来的计划或安排（相当于be going to） You are to see him today at six oclock.2. 表示该做或不该做的事（相当于表示该做或不该做的事（相当于should/must/ought to/have to等）。等）。 You are to explain this.3. 表示能不能发生的事（相当于表

15、示能不能发生的事（相当于can/may等）等） Similar conditions are to be found in all other Latin American countries.n4. 表示不可避免将要发生的事。表示不可避免将要发生的事。ne.g. They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.n5. 用于条件从句，表示如果用于条件从句，表示如果想，设想想，设想（相当于（相当于ifshould, 或或ifwant）。）。ne.g. If we are to be there in tim

16、e, well have to hurry up.nI _ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mothers illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me. (1993-54)nA. am to have finishednB. was to have finished nC. was to finishnD. ought to finish答案：答案：B Please show me how to do that.(做宾语做宾语) When to hold the meeting has not yet

17、 been decided.（做主语）（做主语） The problem is how to get there in time.（做表语）（做表语） I had no idea which to read first.（做名词同位语）（做名词同位语）疑问句疑问句+带带to的不定式的不定式nThe Clarks havent decided yet which hotel_. (1998-49)nA. to stay B. is to stay n C. to stay at D. is for stayingn答案：答案：C不定式的特殊句型n1. such as to, suchas to,

18、 soas to表程度表程度 His story was such as to deceive everyone. It was such an accident as to claim 20 lives. Who could be so mean as to do a thing like that?n2. so as (not) to, only to, in order to, so (such) as to(如此如此以便以便)表目的表目的 We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests. He kept quiet about

19、the accident so as not to lose his job. I come here only to say goodbye to you. 1 His remarks were _ annoy everybody at the meeting. (2005-53) A. so as to B. such as to C. such to D. as much as to答案：答案：B2 His strong sense of humor was_ make everyone in the room burst out laughing. (1998-50) A. so as

20、 to B. such as to C. so that D. such that答案：答案：Bn3. tooto结构结构: n1) 太太不能不能n2) 当当too前面有前面有only, all, but时，意思是时，意思是“非非常常”，too等于等于very。ne.g. He was but too eager to get home.n3) 当当too前或前或to前有否定词构成前有否定词构成双重否定双重否定时，时，too等于等于very。ne.g. He is too wise not to see that.n4) 当当too后是后是glad, pleased, happy, delig

21、hted, satisfied, ready, willing, kind, apt, good, true, east, near, careful, well, early, delicious, eager, anxious等形容词或副词时，等形容词或副词时，too等于等于very。nThey are too ready to help others.n5) too与与cannot连用，表示无止境。连用，表示无止境。ne.g. You cannot be too careful.越仔细越好。越仔细越好。无论怎么仔细也不过分无论怎么仔细也不过分n6) 当不定式在句中做定语或真正的主语时，当

22、不定式在句中做定语或真正的主语时，表示表示so (many/much)。ne.g. There are too many problems to be solved.n4 only to +动词原形（不料竟会动词原形（不料竟会，没想，没想到会到会）表示不好的结果）表示不好的结果。ne.g. They hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.nThe three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _ by

23、 the police each time. (1999-42)nA. had been capturednB. being always capturednC. only to be capturednD. unfortunately captured答案：答案：C动词不定式的复合结构n1. 强调不定式的行为属性，可用强调不定式的行为属性，可用“It is +形容形容词词for somebody+不定式不定式”句型。静态形容句型。静态形容词多用于此句型。词多用于此句型。nEasy difficult hard important possible impossible better nece

24、ssary comfortable not enough essential the first the next the last the best too much too littlene.g. It was very difficult for me to learn Spanish.n2. 强调人物的性格和特征，则用强调人物的性格和特征，则用“It is +形形容词容词of somebody+不定式不定式”句型。动态句型。动态形容词多用于此句型。形容词多用于此句型。nKind nice stupid rude clever thoughtful brave considerate s

25、illy selfish careless impolite good naughty bold honest sensible wrong right badnThe opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _ for that. (2003-47)nA. for us to be preparednB. that we are prepared nC. of us to be preparednD. our being preparedn答案：答案：An在类似在类似essential, necessary之类的形容词之类的

26、形容词后面，句子的动词形式为后面，句子的动词形式为 (should)+动词动词原形。故选项原形。故选项B不对。不对。 而而essential 后面一后面一般跟般跟to/for, 省略省略TO 的动词不定式的动词不定式1在情态成语之后在情态成语之后 在在would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon (宁愿宁愿), may/might (just) as well (不妨，可不妨，可以以), cannot but/ cannot help but (不能不，不由得不能不，不由得不不)之后，接不带之后，接不带to不定式。不定式。Id rather

27、not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.Id sooner stay at home. I would as soon do it by myself.Since its a fine day we might as well walk.He would rather listen to others than talk himself.I would just as soon stay as go. ？Note: 在否定句中，在否定句中，not放在放在would rather, had better后，但在否定疑问句中，后，但在否定疑问句中，not放在放在

28、had, would 后。后。I would rather not drink anything.Hadnt you better make haste?Had I not better do it tomorrow?nThat man has a bad reputation. You_ anything to do with him. (1991-10)n A. had better not have n B. have better haven C. have better not haven D. had better not to have答案：答案：A 在介词在介词except /

29、but 之后之后 如果如果except/but之前有动词之前有动词do的某种形式，的某种形式，其后通常用不带其后通常用不带to的不定式，否则带的不定式，否则带to。 如果主语是由如果主语是由all, what等词引导的从句，或等词引导的从句，或者是主语受者是主语受only, first, one, least或形容词最高或形容词最高级级修饰，主语部分有实义动词修饰，主语部分有实义动词do的某种形式，的某种形式，则作主语补语的不定式也是既可带则作主语补语的不定式也是既可带to，也可不，也可不带带to。They did nothing except work.Theres no choice bu

30、t to wait.What he will do is to spoil the whole thing.All you do now is to complete the form.The only thing I can do now is to go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.3 在在“why./ why not.?”之后之后Why表示不满，或者是委婉的批评；表示不满，或者是委婉的批评；why not表示建议，二者都不带表示建议，二者都不带to Why argue with him?Why not gi

31、ve Mary some flowers?_ him tomorrow? (2001-43) Why not to call on B. Why dont call on C. Why not calling on D. Why not call on答案：答案：D必须带必须带to的特殊情况的特殊情况1. know better than(明事理而不至于做某事明事理而不至于做某事)后的不定式必须加后的不定式必须加to ne.g. He knows better than to lend her the money. 他很明智，不会把钱借给她。他很明智，不会把钱借给她。nHe knew bett

32、er than to argue with such a rascal. n2. “比较级比较级+名词名词+than”后的不定式要加后的不定式要加to ne.g. She had more sense than to be deceived by him.她有理智，不会上当。她有理智，不会上当。nHe has a better heart than to betray his country. 他有良心，不会叛国。他有良心，不会叛国。动名词只能加只能加+doingacknowledge, admit, advise, advocate, allow, appreciate, anticipat

33、e, avoid, cant help, comprehend, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, dispute, endure, enjoy, escape, evade, fancy, favor, grudge, hinder, imagine, include, involve, justify, mind, object to, pardon, permit, postpone, prevent, quit, recall, resent, risk, resist, suggest, toler

34、ate, etc.动名词时态和语态意义主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 doingbeing done完成式完成式 having donehaving been done动名词的时态n动名词和不定式一样，没有独立的绝对的动名词和不定式一样，没有独立的绝对的时态意义，其时态意义从属于句中谓语动时态意义，其时态意义从属于句中谓语动词的时态。词的时态。 n一般式：表明动名词动作与谓语动作一般式：表明动名词动作与谓语动作同时同时发生或在其后发生发生或在其后发生, 或表示或表示一般情况一般情况。使用。使用doing.nSeeing is believing. 眼见为实。眼见为实。 n完成式完

35、成式: 表明动名词动作在谓语动作前发生表明动名词动作在谓语动作前发生, 使用使用having done.nHe was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.nHis having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.nI never regretted _ offer, for it was not where my interest lay. (1993-53)nA. not to accept nB. not having accep

36、ted nC. having not acceptednD. not acceptingn答案：答案：B动名词的语态n被动式被动式:表明动名词的逻辑主语是该动作的表明动名词的逻辑主语是该动作的承受者承受者nHe did it without being asked.nThey insisted on being given the task.nBeing taken advantage of is not a good thing.n但要注意但要注意, 在在want, need, deserve, require, repay, bear, take需要，需要，brook忍受，忍受，stand

37、等等表示表示“需要、值得、忍受需要、值得、忍受”等动词及形容等动词及形容词词worth后后, 尽管表示的是被动的意思尽管表示的是被动的意思, 却用却用动名词的主动形式动名词的主动形式.nMy pen needs filling.nThe point deserves mentioning.nThis problem requires studying with great care.nHer method is worth trying. 在在need, want后用主动态动名词表示被动后用主动态动名词表示被动意义，与用被动态的不定式意义并无差别，意义，与用被动态的不定式意义并无差别，但以用动

38、名词较为普遍。但以用动名词较为普遍。The door is cracking. It needs oiling / to be oiled.The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned.require, deserve也能这样用，但不及也能这样用，但不及need, want普通。普通。动名词的复合结构n如动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动作的主如动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动作的主语，则需有自己的逻辑主语。语，则需有自己的逻辑主语。n两种形式：两种形式：n1)形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+动名词动名词 He insisted on my going with hi

39、m to the party. nCompare: Tom insisted on going with them. n Tom insisted on my going with them.n2)名词所有格名词所有格+动名词动名词nShe dislikes her husbands coming back home late.nCompare: He hates working late. n He hates his wifes working late.n若动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语相同，则若动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语相同，则不应再有主语。不应再有主语。1 Though her fath

40、er never approved of _ to drama school, she became a well-known actress. (1991-16)nA. going B. her to go nC. her going D. her gon答案：答案：C2 She regrets _ idle when young.na. to have been b. her being nc. her having d. having beenn答案：答案： D 动名词和不定式的比较n1）动名词通常是泛指；）动名词通常是泛指；不定式通常是特指不定式通常是特指n2）动名词通常指持续、反复的

41、动作；）动名词通常指持续、反复的动作；不定不定式通常指一时、一次的动作。式通常指一时、一次的动作。n3）动名词通常用于书面语；）动名词通常用于书面语；不定式则倾向不定式则倾向口语。口语。 4）动名词和不定式都可以作主语和表语。一般）动名词和不定式都可以作主语和表语。一般来说，来说，在表示抽象的、一般的行为时，多用动名在表示抽象的、一般的行为时，多用动名词词;在表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，在表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。多用不定式。Its no use crying over spilt milk. （抽象动作）（抽象动作）His mother had advise

42、d him, however, that it was no use to argue with Selma. （具体动作）（具体动作）（指抽象动作（指抽象动作, 泛指）泛指）（指具体的一次动作）（指具体的一次动作）Spitting everywhere is not polite.To spit here will be punished随地吐痰是不礼貌的随地吐痰是不礼貌的在这里吐痰要受惩罚。在这里吐痰要受惩罚。5）在）在Its no use (good)，its useless后面常用动名后面常用动名词作主语词作主语。nIts no use crying over spilt milk.

43、覆水难收覆水难收 Her present job is teaching music. = Teaching music is her (泛指泛指) To teach music to Grade One is her present job. =Her present job is to teach (特指特指)分词分词的形式分词的形式态态主动态主动态被动态被动态式式一般式一般式1.being2.doing being done完成式完成式having donehaving been done 现在分词表示现在分词表示主动主动的意义；表示的意义；表示一般性的或正在进行一般性的或正在进行的动作

44、；的动作；在表面形式上有在表面形式上有“一般式一般式”和和“完成式完成式”与与“主动式主动式”和和“被动式被动式”之分。之分。 过去分词一般表示过去分词一般表示完成的和被动完成的和被动的动作，只有一种的动作，只有一种形式。形式。n分词（分词（v + ing 和和v + ed） n分词的语法功能：分词在句中可作分词的语法功能：分词在句中可作定语定语、状语状语、补足语补足语和和表语表语1）作定语）作定语现在分词现在分词表示表示主动，进行主动，进行，过去分词过去分词表示表示被动，完成被动，完成。n现在分词作定语时，表示正在进行的动作，或表示现状。现在分词作定语时，表示正在进行的动作，或表示现状。同时

45、表示主动。同时表示主动。 例如：例如：n Give the note to the man sitting at that desk.n过去分词作定语时，表示完成的动作。同时表示被动。过去分词作定语时，表示完成的动作。同时表示被动。有时过去分词仅仅表示被动有时过去分词仅仅表示被动。 例如：例如：Weve met the doctor sent to work here by the city hospital.（表被动和完成）（表被动和完成）nSome of the questions _ in the book are easy to perform.（仅表被动）（仅表被动）A.being

46、described B.describedC.to be described D.Having been described 答案：答案：Bn2）作状语）作状语 分词或分词短语可作状语，说明谓语表示的动作发生的时分词或分词短语可作状语，说明谓语表示的动作发生的时间、条件、原因、结果、伴随情况、行为方式或对谓语加以补间、条件、原因、结果、伴随情况、行为方式或对谓语加以补充说明等。充说明等。现在分词作状语含有主动的意思现在分词作状语含有主动的意思，过去分词作状语过去分词作状语含有被动的意思，或是表示状态含有被动的意思，或是表示状态。 _ ,he had asked three persons be

47、fore he got there. A.Not knowing where was the bookstoreB.Knowing not where the bookstore wasC.Not knowing where the bookstore wasD.Not to know where the bookstore wasn答案：答案：C_ from space, our earth, with water covering 70% of its surface, appears as a blue planet.A.Seen B.SeeingC.To be seen D.Havin

48、g seenn答案：答案：An1. 表时间表时间n e.g. Hearing the news, we immediately set off for London.n2. 表原因表原因,相当于相当于as, since, because引导的从句引导的从句nNot knowing anything about the accident, he went to work as well.n3. 表方式或伴随表方式或伴随ne.g. She was sitting in an armchair reading a book.ne.g. They all returned to the village

49、 convinced that the danger was over.n4. 表条件，相当于表条件，相当于if, unless等引导的从句等引导的从句n e.g. Given another chance, he will do it much better.n5. 表结果，相当于表结果，相当于so that引导的从句引导的从句n e.g. The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.n6. 表让步，相当于表让步，相当于though, even if引导的从句引导的从句n e.g. Granti

50、ng his honesty, we still cant employ him.n1. _ at in this way, the present economic situation doesnt seem so gloomy. (2000-51)nA. Looking B. Looked n C. Having looked D. To looknBn2. _ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field. (1998-51)nA. Giving B.

51、To give n C. Given D. Being givennCn3. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. (1996-42)nA. Having B. Given nC. Giving D. HadnBn4. _, he was chosen and trained as a professional swimmer. (1991-20)n A. He was born and raised in a fishing villagen B. Born and raised in a fishing villagen C. Tha

52、t he was born and raised in a fishing villagenD. In addition to he was born and raised in a fishing villagenB作状语的分词短语前的连词作状语的分词短语前的连词n分词短语作状语时，有时前面可以加一个连词，表示强调分词短语作状语时，有时前面可以加一个连词，表示强调或出于表达的需要。常用的连词有：或出于表达的需要。常用的连词有：when, while, after, before, if, though, whetheror, unless, as if等等n e.g. After takin

53、g the medicine, he felt better.n e.g. The soldier walked very slowly as if having been wounded.n如果如果这些连词后的分词是这些连词后的分词是being或含有或含有being，则，则being可以可以省略。省略。n e.g. While (being) at school, she began to write the novel.nIf (being) well read, the book will give you much to think. 注意：分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一

54、致注意：分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致判断对错：判断对错：nWaiting for a bus, a stone hit me.nBy swimming an hour everyday, Janes weight was reduced from 120 to 110 pounds.nMade of plastic, I didnt expect the chairs would be that strong.nWhile I was waiting for the bus, a stone hit me.nBy swimming an hour everyday, Jane

55、 reduced her weight from 120 to 110 pounds.nAs the chairs were made of plastic, I didnt expect they would be that strong.和句子主语和句子主语不保持一致不保持一致的分词短语形式。的分词短语形式。1. _ the general state of his health , it may take him a while to recover from the operation. Given B. To giveC. Giving D. Having given AGiven作

56、作“鉴于，考虑到鉴于，考虑到”解，为介词。解，为介词。与此类似的有：与此类似的有：nConsidering(考虑到）考虑到） njudging from, seeing that ( 鉴于、由于）鉴于、由于）ngenerally speaking/nfrankly/strictly speakingnfollowing this .( 在在之后之后)ntaking all into consideration（从各方面（从各方面考虑）考虑）ntalking of（ 谈到）谈到） ntaken as a whole（从整体（从整体 上看）上看） Talking of cleaning, its

57、about time you did the windows , isnt it?Considering his age, the little boy reads very well.Following this, 60,000 Indians, including Gandhi, were put in prison.Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong.n3）作宾语补足语）作宾语补足语注意注意1：使役动词使役动词have, make, get的后面可以接的后面可以接过去分词作过去分词作宾补宾补，keep的后面则接的后面则接现在分词现在分词作宾补

58、。在作宾补。在“have+ sth.+过去分词过去分词”的结构中，宾语补语所表示的动作往往的结构中，宾语补语所表示的动作往往是由别人来完成的。是由别人来完成的。nI cant see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need _ .A.to examine your eyes.B.to have examined your eyes.C.having your eyes examined.D.to have your eyes examined. 答案：答案：D When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes

59、found it difficult_.A.to make myself understoodB.to make others understand myselfC.to make myself understandD.making others understand me答案：答案：AThere was so much noise outside that the speaker could hardly_.A.make the audience hearB.make himself be heardC.make that the audience would hearD.make hims

60、elf heard 答案：答案：D Its about the time we got the kitchen repainted. Ill try not to keep you waiting. Youd better keep the engine running all night.注意注意2：表示感觉的动词表示感觉的动词notice, find, see, watch, hear, smell, feel等后面可以接等后面可以接现在分词现在分词作宾补，表示作宾补，表示动作正在动作正在进行。进行。Did you smell something _ .A.having burntB.to