现与过区 (2)

1、一般过去时态一般过去时态和和赵志敏现在完成时态现在完成时态（一）（一）一般过去时态一般过去时态和和现在完成时态现在完成时态的概念的概念一般过去时一般过去时表示在表示在过去过去某个时间发生的动词或存在某个时间发生的动词或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与yesterday、 yesterday afternoon、last year、in 1965、 a moment ago 等表示等表示过去的时间过去的时间状语连用。状语连用。例如：例如：He came here yesterday.现在完成时现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对表示过去的动

2、作（或状态）对现在现在产生的影响和结果例如：产生的影响和结果例如：He has broken his bottle.( (二）一般过去时态和现在完成时的二）一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别区别：）现在完成时现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时一般过去时则则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。例如：例如：We havent seen him since last year. (我们自我们自从去年以来一直未见到他（现在还未见到）从去年以来

3、一直未见到他（现在还未见到）We didnt see him last year. 我们去年没见到我们去年没见到他（现在不一定未见到）他（现在不一定未见到）现在完成时现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，时间状语连用，一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某一特定表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：间状语连用。例如：He has lived here since he was born .自他出生自

4、他出生以来一直居住在这儿。（以来一直居住在这儿。（since 自从自从以来与以来与现在有关，说明还居住在这儿。）现在有关，说明还居住在这儿。）Liumei went to see her grandmother last night . 刘刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）（三）值得注意几个问题：（三）值得注意几个问题：）动作发生在）动作发生在过去过去，一直，一直持续持续到说话的时候，并到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：We have studied English for two years (我们学英

5、语两年了）我们学英语两年了）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时。例如：语，要用现在完成时。例如：I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去过上海两次我曾去过上海两次）以）以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：时。例如：When did you lose your pen ? 你什么时候丢了钢笔？你什么时候丢了钢笔？）just (刚刚）与刚刚）与现在完成时现在完成时连用，连用，just now (刚才）与刚才）与一般一般过去时过去时连用。例如：连用。例如：The tra

6、in has just gone. 火车刚刚离开。火车刚刚离开。The train left here just now. 火车是刚才离开。火车是刚才离开。）since 作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；用现在完成时；since 作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。完成时，从句用一般过去时。6 ） so far 、in the last / past 与与现在完成时现在完成时连连用。例如用。例如 ：So far , many countries have sent up s

7、atellites into space. In the last 30 years , our lives have changed a lot.He has worked in this factory since 1996.I have known him since he was a child.四、学习现在完成时应注意的三个区别1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别.2）since 和和 for 的区别。的区别。3）have / has gone to 、 have / has been to 、have / has been in 的区别。的区别。 buyh

8、ave leave been away from borrowkeep diebe dead get upbe up put onbe on come backbe back openbe open go to townbe in town losebe missing closebe closed begin /startbe on fall ill / asleep be ill / asleep catch a coldhave a cold get /receive a letter fromhave a letter from五、短暂性动词和延续性动词转换归纳。五、短暂性动词和延续性

9、动词转换归纳。come to be here / there arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / there join the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the League-be in the League / be a league member一一 、Choose the right answers.( )1 、The twins can speak good Chinese because they _China for 6 years. A have been to B have come

10、 to C have been in D have gone to( ) 2 、Uncle Wang_in factory since it opened in 1989. A works B worked C has worked D have worked( ) 3 、_have you lived in Beijing ? A How soon B How often C How much D How long( ) 4 、Hes _back home since 3 days ago. A come B got C been D get( ) 5、 He never has lunch

11、 at home , _he ? A hasnt B has C doesnt D doesCCDCD( ) 6 、-Where is Tom? I cant find him anywhere. -He _ back for a holiday. A. went B. goes C. has gone D. will go( ) 7 、I_ him since we _ children.A.knew, were B. have known, were C. know, are D. have known, are( ) 8 、It _ more than two years since s

12、he left home. A. was B. has been C. is D. be( ) 9 、More than two months _ since Mr Smith came here. A.has passed B.have passed C. has past D. have past( ) 10、 -_has the movie _ ? - Ever since twenty-five minutes ago. A. How soon, begun B. How long, begun C. How soon, been on D. How long, been on CBC

13、AD Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.1、Tom has got up for half an hour.2 、Liu Mei has joined the League for three years.3、The train has reached the station since 10 minutes ago.4、The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours.5、When have you cleaned the classroom? Its clean now.6、How

14、 long have you caught a cold?7、She has got ten letters from her mother since last week.1.I _ (be) busy these days. I _ (not go) to the cinema for weeks.2.How many units _ you _ (learn) so far?3.Lily with her parents _(go) to Sanya . They will be back in five days.4.Nobody _(dive) in our class before

15、.5.Alice _(make) several friends since she _ (come) to China.6._ your brother_(drive) a horse before?7.They _(stay) in the park during the past three hours.补全对话：补全对话：A: Hello, Zhangli ! Nice to meet you.B: Me, too! How are you ?A: Fine, _? I havent seen you for a long time.B: Oh, I went to Sydney with my parents. Sydney is the biggest city in Australia.A: Really? _?B: No, I havent. Its the first time for me to go there. A: Thats gre