Unit one Great Scientists

1、Unit one Great ScientistsUnit one Great Scientists When we talk about great scientists, who will come into your mind?BrainstormingFather of hybrid riceYuan Longping“Weak sits around waiting for opportunity; strong manufacturing timing”弱者坐待时机；强者制造弱者坐待时机；强者制造时机。时机。 She got two Nobel Prizes, one for ph

2、ysics and the other for chemistry.Madame Curie 居里夫人居里夫人“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.”Isaac Newton艾萨克艾萨克牛顿牛顿“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.”Thomas Edison 托马斯托马斯爱迪生爱迪生“天才是百分之一的灵感和天才是百分之一的灵感和99的汗水。的汗水。”“Give me a place to

3、 stand on, and I will move the earth” 2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?The Origin of SpeciesThomas Newcomen3. Who invented the first steam engine? Thomas Newcomen 纽科门纽科门James Watt瓦特瓦特Thomas Edison托马斯托马斯 爱迪生爱迪生peas4. Who used peas to show how

4、physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Madame Curie 居里夫人居里夫人4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Madame Curie 居里夫人居里夫人5. Who discovered radium in 1898? Madame Curie居里夫人居里夫人 6. Who invented the way of giving electr

5、icity to everybody in large cities? 7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies in order to improve his paintings of people?Leonardo da Vinci达芬奇达芬奇8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground in 1815? Lets do a quiz about some scientistsSir Humphry Davy 大卫大卫汉弗莱汉弗莱Watt瓦特瓦特Seismograph sa

6、izmr:fZhang HengStephen Hawking 霍金霍金Match the scientists with their achievementsAlbert Einstein 1. evolution(进化论进化论)Charles Darwin 2. discovery of radiumMadame Curie 3. electric bulbThomas Edison 4. theory of relativityNicolas Copernicus 5. a brief history of timeStephen Hawking 6. the earth moves a

7、round Yuan Long ping the sun 7. father of hybrid ricePrevious knowledgeWho Who put forwardput forward a theory about black a theory about black holesholes？put forwardput forward: bring up, come up with : bring up, come up with eg: eg: He He put forwardput forward some useful advice at the meeting. s

8、ome useful advice at the meeting. We We put forwardput forward Tom as monitor. Tom as monitor. 推荐推荐The meeting has been The meeting has been put forwardput forward to 2:00 pm. to 2:00 pm. 提前提前提出提出An interesting suggestionAn interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere for measuring the atmosp

9、here around Mars around Mars has beenhas been _. _. A Aput forwardput forwardB Bput downput down C. put up D. put aside C. put up D. put aside 【解析解析】 有人提出一个有趣的建议有人提出一个有趣的建议 【答案答案】 A考题练练看考题练练看put asideput aside _ _put awayput away _ _put offput off _ _put onput on _ _put downput down _ _put output ou

10、t _ _put upput up _ _put up withput up with _ _ 储蓄储蓄备用备用把把收拾起来收拾起来 推迟推迟 穿上，戴上；上演，演出穿上，戴上；上演，演出 举起；粘贴；建立，建设举起；粘贴；建立，建设 忍受忍受 放下放下扑灭扑灭(火火)思维泡泡堂思维泡泡堂Considering your salaryConsidering your salary，you should be able to _ at you should be able to _ at least twenty dollars a week.least twenty dollars a wee

11、k. A Aput forward put forward B Bput upput up C Cput out put out D Dput asideput aside【解析解析】句意为句意为“就你的工资而言，每周你应至少存就你的工资而言，每周你应至少存2020美元美元”。put forwardput forward提出；提出；put upput up张贴；张贴；put output out扑灭；扑灭；put asideput aside储存。储存。【答案答案】D D考题练练看考题练练看4. 4. concludeconclude vt/vivt/vicome to a close_com

12、e to a close_eg: eg: The meeting The meeting concludedconcluded at 8:00 pm.at 8:00 pm. She She concludedconcluded her speech with a her speech with a poem.poem. She She concludedconcluded her her speech by readingspeech by reading a poem. a poem. 归纳总结：归纳总结：(使使)结束结束, 终止终止decide sth as a result of wha

13、t you see or decide sth as a result of what you see or hear _hear _eg. eg. What can you What can you concludeconclude from these from these facts? facts? After waiting for half an hourAfter waiting for half an hour，I I concludedconcluded that he wouldnt come at allthat he wouldnt come at all. .等了半个小

14、时后，我断定他不会来了。等了半个小时后，我断定他不会来了。推断出推断出, ,得出结论得出结论归纳总结归纳总结: n. n. conclusion conclusion 结论，结束结论，结束 * * arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion _eg: eg: It was difficult to It was difficult to draw adraw a conclusionconclusion because the situation was complex.

15、because the situation was complex.* * in conclusionin conclusion _ =in a word, to sum up _ =in a word, to sum upeg: eg: In conclusionIn conclusion, I would like to say , I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.how much I have enjoyed myself today.得出结论得出结论 总之总之 思维袋袋库思维袋袋库 Ann seems t

16、o be upset. WhatAnn seems to be upset. Whats up?s up? She _ from the voice on the line that She _ from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.scores. A AincludesincludesB Bconcludesconcludes C Csuggests suggests D Dcontai

17、nscontains 【解析】【解析】下句意为：她根据电话中的声音判定母亲下句意为：她根据电话中的声音判定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。对她的考试成绩不满意。 【答案】【答案】B B考题练练看考题练练看John Snow John Snow defeatdefeats s King Cholera.King Cholera. vt. vt. to win against sb in the a war, to win against sb in the a war, competition,sports game _competition,sports game _ to be difficult

18、 for sb _to be difficult for sb _n. n. failure to win _failure to win _eg: eg: The army The army defeateddefeated the enemy in the end. the enemy in the end.Tom suffered Tom suffered defeatdefeat in the English examination. in the English examination.The problem has The problem has defeateddefeated

19、me and I can me and I cant t solve it. solve it.打败，打败， 战胜战胜 失败，挫折失败，挫折 难倒，使困惑难倒，使困惑 辨析：辨析：defeat/ beat/ windefeat/ beat/ winHe can easily _ me at golf.He can easily _ me at golf.He didnt _ the election.He didnt _ the election.He was _ in the election.He was _ in the election. defeat defeat 战胜，击败。含义广

20、泛，指在战争、辩论战胜，击败。含义广泛，指在战争、辩论、争斗、竞选或比赛中击败对方，获得胜利。、争斗、竞选或比赛中击败对方，获得胜利。宾语宾语是对手是对手。 beat beat 表示表示“战胜，击败和难倒战胜，击败和难倒”时可与时可与defeat defeat 互换互换; ;另外还可以表示另外还可以表示“击打，击打，( (心脏心脏) )跳动跳动”等含等含义。义。 win win 后只接后只接事或物事或物（比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、（比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、钱）钱） 不能是对手。不能是对手。 defeated/beatenbeat/defeatwin Lin Dan _ her competito

21、r and Lin Dan _ her competitor and got the first place in the game. got the first place in the game. A Awon won B Bdefeatdefeat C Cbeat beat D Dhithit 【解析】【解析】“击败对手击败对手”可用可用beatbeat或或defeatdefeat，但由，但由gotgot可知，空白处应用过去时，若选可知，空白处应用过去时，若选B B，则应为，则应为defeateddefeated。 【答案】【答案】C C考题练练看考题练练看John Snow was a

22、 famous doctor in London - so expert, John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he indeed, that he attendattend Queen Victoria as her personal Queen Victoria as her personal physician.physician.attendattend v be present at; take care of _ v be present at; take care of _attend

23、 to sb/sthattend to sb/sth: to deal with sb/sth; to take care of : to deal with sb/sth; to take care of sb/sth _sb/sth _eg: eg: He He attendedattended the meeting yesterday. the meeting yesterday.I have some urgent business to I have some urgent business to attend toattend to. .出席出席,参加参加;照顾照顾,护理护理处理

24、处理,应付应付; 照顾照顾,护理护理 The coach asked his staff to _ the The coach asked his staff to _ the large group of journalists waiting for him to large group of journalists waiting for him to announce his training plans.announce his training plans. A Aadapt to Badapt to Battend toattend to C Crefer to Drefer t

25、o Dappeal toappeal to 【解析】【解析】 adapt toadapt to意为意为“适应适应”，attend toattend to 意为意为“注意，关心，料理注意，关心，料理”，refer torefer to 意为意为“涉及涉及”，appeal toappeal to 意为意为“向向呼吁，求助于呼吁，求助于”。整句话意。整句话意为为“教练要求他的队员去照应一下那一大群等着他公教练要求他的队员去照应一下那一大群等着他公布训练计划的新闻记者们布训练计划的新闻记者们”。考题练练看考题练练看【答案答案 】 Battendattend正式用语，参加严肃的活动，如会议，正式用语，参

26、加严肃的活动，如会议，听课，演讲。听课，演讲。joinjoin加入某一组织，成为其中成员。加入某一组织，成为其中成员。join(sb.)in sth./doingjoin(sb.)in sth./doing和某人一起进行一项和某人一起进行一项具体的活动，多指正在进行的活动。具体的活动，多指正在进行的活动。take part intake part in参加活动，是一般用语。参加活动，是一般用语。思维袋袋库思维袋袋库区别区别attend/join/join in/take part inattend/join/join in/take part in Would you like to _ us

27、 in the Would you like to _ us in the basket game?basket game? A. attend B. join A. attend B. join C. join in D. take C. join in D. take part inpart in考题练练看考题练练看【答案】【答案】 BBut he became inspired when he thought zbout But he became inspired when he thought zbout helping ordinary people helping ordinar

28、y people exposed toexposed to cholera. cholera.exposeexpose vt. show sth hidden; tell the truth vt. show sth hidden; tell the truth _ _ 曝光曝光; 暴露暴露; 揭露揭露expose sth/sb to sth _ 暴露；显露暴露；显露 expose sb as _ 揭露某人揭露某人eg: Dont expose yourself to the sun for too long. Youll get sunburned._ to sunlight for too

29、 much time will do harm to ones _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed【解析】【解析】 动名词的被动式做主语。动名词的被动式做主语。【答案答案】 C C考题练练看考题练练看N e i t h e rN e

30、 i t h e r i t s c a u s e , i t s c a u s e , n o r n o r i t s i t s c u r ec u r e was understood.was understood.When I left hospital I was completely When I left hospital I was completely curedcured. . Is there a certain Is there a certain curecure for cancer yet? for cancer yet? cure :_ cure :_

31、vt.治愈，治疗；治愈，治疗；n.疗法，治疗药疗法，治疗药 cure sb. of 治好治好(病、恶习等病、恶习等)a cure for 治疗治疗的方法的方法辨析：辨析：treattreat与与curecure Has the doctor _ her illness? Has the doctor _ her illness? No No，he _ her but didnt _ her.he _ her but didnt _ her. A Acured; treated; treatcured; treated; treat B Bcured; cured; treatcured; cu

32、red; treat C Ctreated the old woman for; treated; curetreated the old woman for; treated; cure D Dcured the old woman of; treated; curecured the old woman of; treated; cure解析：解析：cure “cure “治愈治愈” ” 强调结果。强调结果。 cure sb of sthcure sb of sth treat “ treat “治疗治疗” ” 强调过程。强调过程。 treat sb for sthtreat sb for

33、 sth答案：答案：D D思维袋袋库思维袋袋库John Snow wanted to face the John Snow wanted to face the challengechallenge and solve this and solve this problem. problem. challengechallenge n/vt n/vt 挑战挑战eg: eg: (1)opportunity and (1)opportunity and challenge challenge 机遇与挑战机遇与挑战扩展：扩展：face a challenge face a challenge 面临挑

34、战面临挑战 meet a challenge meet a challenge 接受挑战接受挑战 challenging adj. challenging adj. 具有挑战性的具有挑战性的John Snow John Snow suspectedsuspected that the second theory was that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.correct but he needed evidence. suspectsuspect v. v. 认为、怀疑认为、怀疑eg: I eg: I suspec

35、tedsuspected the truth of her statement. the truth of her statement.* * suspect sb of doing sthsuspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事怀疑某人做某事* * suspect sbsth to besuspect sbsth to be 怀疑怀疑是是eg: He had eg: He had suspectedsuspected her of telling a lie to me. her of telling a lie to me. It seemed that the wa

36、ter was to It seemed that the water was to blameblame. .blameblame vt consider or say that sb is vt consider or say that sb is responsible for sth _ responsible for sth _eg: Please dont eg: Please dont blameblame me. me.blame sb for sthdoing sthblame sb for sthdoing sth _ _blame sth on sb _blame sth

37、 on sb _be to blamebe to blame_责备、谴责责备、谴责 责备某人做某事责备某人做某事 把某事归咎于某人把某事归咎于某人 (某人某人/某物某物)该受指责该受指责 n 过失、责备过失、责备Its not fair that you should get the blame. DonDont always _ your own failure _ t always _ your own failure _ others. Sometimes you yourself _.others. Sometimes you yourself _. A Ablameblame；ono

38、n；are to be blamedare to be blamed B Bblameblame；forfor；are to blameare to blame C Cblameblame；onon；are to blameare to blame D Dblameblame；forfor；are to be blamedare to be blamed 【解析】【解析】句意为：不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时句意为：不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该责怪你自己。该责怪你自己。blame sth.on sb.blame sth.on sb.把把归咎于某人归咎于某人；be to blamebe to b

39、lame该受责备，要用主动式表被动意义。该受责备，要用主动式表被动意义。 【答案】【答案】C C考题练练看考题练练看He immediately told the astonished people in He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the Broad Street to remove the handlehandle from the from the pump so that it could not be used.pump so that it could not be used

40、. Handle Handle vt vt deal with, operate _deal with, operate _ n. n. part of a tool, cup, bucket door etc, part of a tool, cup, bucket door etc, by which it may be held, carried or by which it may be held, carried or controlled_controlled_eg: eg: Do you know how to Do you know how to handlehandle th

41、e computer? the computer?处理处理 操作操作把手把手In another part of London, he found supporting evidence In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were from two other deaths that were linked tolinked to the Broad the Broad Street outbreak.Street outbreak.link link vt&am

42、p;n connect or put together two or more piecesvt&n connect or put together two or more pieces连接；联系连接；联系 link tolink to ( (常用被动常用被动, ,表状态表状态)= connect with )= connect with _link up (withlink up (with) ) _ _eg: eg: Blood in his shirt Blood in his shirt linkedlinked himhim to to the the crime. crim

43、e. A new freeway( A new freeway(高速公路高速公路) will be built to ) will be built to link uplink up our city our city withwith Wuhan.Wuhan.把把与与连接连接/联系起来联系起来 连接，结合连接，结合 With this extra evidence John Snow was able to With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water a

44、nnounce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.carried the virus.announceannounce vt make sth known publicly vt make sth known publicly 宣布宣布 通告通告eg: eg: Yao Ming Yao Ming announcedannounced in his hometown that he has in his hometown that he has retired from NBA.retired from NBA.归纳总结：归

45、纳总结： announce sth. announce sth.宣布某事宣布某事 announce announcethat-clausethat-clausecontributecontribute vt t.& .& vi i. .捐款；贡献；捐助捐款；贡献；捐助 contributeto contributeto _ _eg: He eg: He contributedcontributed his life his life toto helping helping the poor.the poor. He contributed He contributed his

46、 his article article toto China Daily.China Daily. contribute tocontribute to _ _eg: Various factors eg: Various factors contributed tocontributed to his his failure.failure.捐助、捐献捐助、捐献; 投稿投稿导致，促成；有助于导致，促成；有助于 Practice: Practice: Many people _ money _ the Many people _ money _ the poor boy, which _ h

47、is poor boy, which _ his returning to school. A writer wrote a returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and _ it _ a story about this and _ it _ a newspaper. newspaper. contributedtocontributed tocontributedto考题练练看考题练练看 To be honestTo be honest，my carelessness _ a lot to my carelessnes

48、s _ a lot to my failure.my failure. A Acontributed contributed B Bdonateddonated C Cprovided provided D Dofferedoffered 【解析】【解析】句意为：说实话，我的失败主要是因为我句意为：说实话，我的失败主要是因为我的粗心大意。的粗心大意。contribute tocontribute to导致。导致。donatedonate捐献；捐献；provideprovide提供；提供；offer(offer(主动主动) )提供。提供。 【答案】【答案】A A考题练练看考题练练看 n. n.

49、contribution contribution 贡献贡献 make great contributions tomake great contributions to 对对有贡有贡献献思维袋袋库思维袋袋库Apart fromApart from the construction mentioned above, you the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.have also learned the following phrases.apart fromapart fro

50、m 除除之外（既有相加又有相减的含义）之外（既有相加又有相减的含义）eg: eg: Apart fromApart from my parents, I have no one to my parents, I have no one to believe in. (believe in. (相减相减) )Apart fromApart from the cost, we need to think about the cost, we need to think about how much time the job will take.how much time the job will

51、take.、( (相加相加) )辨析辨析besides except apart fromexcept forbesides except apart fromexcept for1. besides: “1. besides: “除了除了之外（还有）之外（还有）”( (相加相加) ) There will be five of us for dinner, besides John. There will be five of us for dinner, besides John.2. except: “2. except: “除除之外之外”; ; ( (相减相减) ) whenthati

52、f whenthatif I cycle to work, except when I rains. I cycle to work, except when I rains.3. except for 3. except for 强调整体很好，就一点不好，强调强调整体很好，就一点不好，强调 前后名词性质不同前后名词性质不同。 His composition is good except for a spelling His composition is good except for a spelling mistake.mistake.思维袋袋库思维袋袋库Li Long is a good

53、 student _ his laziness.Li Long is a good student _ his laziness. A. except B. besides A. except B. besides C. except for D. but C. except for D. but【解析】【解析】 李红是个好学生，就是有点懒。李红是个好学生，就是有点懒。属于整体很好，就一点不好。属于整体很好，就一点不好。【答案】【答案】 C考题练练看考题练练看 strict strict adj. adj. 严厉的；严格的；严谨的严厉的；严格的；严谨的 Mr. Liu is a Mr. Liu

54、 is a strictstrict teacher.teacher.be strict with sbbe strict with sb 对某人要求严格对某人要求严格be strict aboutin doingbe strict aboutin doing 对某事、做某事要对某事、做某事要求严格求严格eg: eg: The Whites are very _ their The Whites are very _ their children.children.The hospital is quite _The hospital is quite _visiting hours.visi

55、ting hours.strict withstrict about Only if you put the sun there did the movements Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky of the other planets in the sky make sensemake sense. .make sensemake sense 有意义、讲得通有意义、讲得通; ; 是明智作法。是明智作法。 ( (不及物不及物动词短语动词短语) )eg: Your s

56、tory doesnt eg: Your story doesnt make sensemake sense to me. to me.It makes sense for sb to do sthIt makes sense for sb to do sth. . 对某人来说做对某人来说做某事是明智的某事是明智的eg: It eg: It makes sense tomakes sense to save money while you can. save money while you can.make sense ofmake sense of 理解、明白理解、明白eg: Can you

57、 eg: Can you make sense ofmake sense of this poem? this poem? It doesnt make _ to buy that It doesnt make _ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.are just as good. A Asense Bsense Bopinionopinion C Cuse Duse Ddifferencedifference 注

58、意：注意： make no difference没有影响，没什么不没有影响，没什么不同同 make (full) use of (充分充分)利用利用 A 考题练练看考题练练看The Christian Church The Christian Church rejectedrejected his theory, saying it was his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it against Gods idea and people who supported it would be a

59、ttacked .would be attacked .rejectreject vt. vt. refuse to accept or consider sth refuse to accept or consider sth _ _eg: to eg: to rejectreject an offer/a suggestion/a decision an offer/a suggestion/a decision She She rejectedrejected his offer of marriage. his offer of marriage. refuse to accept s

60、b for a jobrefuse to accept sb for a job _ _eg: I have been eg: I have been rejectedrejected by all the university by all the university not use or publishnot use or publish _ _eg. Imperfect articles are eg. Imperfect articles are rejectedrejected by our quality by our quality control. control. 质量差的文章都被我们质检人员拒绝了。质