中低产土壤论文：中低产土壤GIS土体构型土壤肥力地统计学

1、中低产土壤论文：中低产土壤 GIS 土体构型 土壤肥力地统 计学【中文摘要】土壤和水是自然环境的两个主要构成要素，两者之间存在着发生上的密切关联，正是因为如此，土壤信息与水信息是密 不可分的，当前，水土资源浪费及环境问题日益突出，保护耕地数量和 质量、发展应用高效节水农业、提高水土资源的利用率是缓解我国水 土资源紧缺、实现可持续农业的重要措施。因此，无论是从农业还是 环境角度看，准确掌握土壤信息是合理利用水资源的重要环节。本文 以对农业生产和水资源保护具有典型意义的河南省潮土砂质中低产 土壤为例，以主要 10 个分布县第二次土壤普查时的 1： 5 万地形图及 行政区划图、1：5 万土壤图为基础

2、数据源建立空间数据库，借助 GIS 和 GPS 室内布点并进行野外采样，共采集样品 616 个作为属性数据源，建立该区土壤数据库并在 ArcGIS9.2 中进行土壤特性的变异分析和 评价,研究结论如下：1、在数据库的基础上，系统分析和探讨了河南 省砂质潮土中低产土壤的空间分布组合模式、变异特征，编制数字化空间分布图。根据实际采样诊断土壤类型并在 GIS 界面修正原始土壤 分布图，完善了当地的土壤图，并且在制图过程中将研究区行政区划 图根据最新情况做了修订。研究区砂土和砂壤土占据了60%上的面积，典型县的土壤特性空间变异明显。2、在揭示土壤发生学特性及自 然、人为影响因素的基础上，构建砂质潮土障

3、碍因素的诊断标准。对 不同区域的障碍土壤进行障碍性分级并建立定量化评价指标体系。以土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、CECpH 容重十项指标构建评价体系，按照土壤发生层次组成，将研究区土 壤分为上壤下粘型、通体壤型、上壤下砂型和通体砂型，结果表明土壤特性在表层处于二三级较多，特别是土壤 CEC 和 pH 全部处于三级；在深度方向上，土壤特性在上壤下粘构型中与质地有明显的相关关系 其它构型中土壤特性在表层富集，随深度增加含量降低，在 40 cm 以后 趋于稳定,CEC 含量、容重和 pH 在 0-140 cm 表现为通体三级水平。3、 分析和阐明分布于不同地区的砂质潮土中低产

4、土壤生产力现状、低产因素。结果表明，研究区优等地主要分布于通许县，整个研究区土壤肥 力综合评价指数为 0.10-0.66,小于 0.5 的土壤有 80%以上,整体肥力 不佳。土壤肥力与土体构型关系密切，优等地多出现在上壤下粘和通 体壤构型上，而差等地基本都处于通体砂或上壤下砂构型中，土壤低 产因素主要表现为砂化严重，粘粒含量少；土体构型不良；土壤紧实 并且呈偏石灰性。【英文摘要】 Soil and water are chief eleme nts of n aturalen vir onment, there exists strong tie betwee n the two. Justb

5、ecause of this, soil information and water information havean in separable relati on ship,involving multi-type data fusi on,development and mining of related knowledge. The waste of soil andwater resources as well as en vir onment problem get worse at present,the methods of protecting cultivated lan

6、d, developing agriculture ofhigh-efficiency and water-saving,appl ying water-sav ingirrigati ontech no logies,in creas ing theutilization rate of soil and water resource are needed for alleviati ng theshortage of soil and water resource, as well as achiev ing susta in ableagriculture. As a result, i

7、t s animportant part to get the soil information exactly for intelligent use ofwater resources, not only from agriculture angle but also fromenvironment.Sandy middle-and-low-yiedling soil in Henan Provincewhich is important for agricultural industry and protection of waterresource is selected as a c

8、ase.The spatial database was established based on the 1:50000 topographicmap, admi nistrative map and soil map from the second national soilsurvey in the 10 selected counties, sampli ngs were set up and the ngathered with the help of GIS and GPS,616 sampli ngs were collectedserv ing as source of att

9、ribute data, the soil database was built and thesoil quality were an alyzed and accessed by ArcGIS9.2. The researchcon clusi ons are as follow in g:1. The comb in ati on of spatial distributi onpatter ns and the variati on features were an alyzedand explored along with compilatio n of the digital space distribution map.The original soil map was amended and perfected in GIS in terfacebased on act