肥胖者与正常体重者饮食,营养状况及其相关因素的探讨

1、肥胖者與正常體重者飲食肥胖者與正常體重者飲食,營養狀況及其相關因素的營養狀況及其相關因素的探討探討n國人肥胖的人口逐年上升，而肥胖與高血壓、糖尿病、心血管疾n病等慢性疾病的罹病率與死亡率有極大的正相關。究竟肥胖者和n正常體重者在飲食和營養素的攝取上是否有不同呢？影響體重的n因素又為何 ? 是本研究探討的重點。本研究以20 - 60歲的成年n女性為研究對象，依身體質量指數（BMI）22為標準，分成肥n胖者（BMI * 26.5 , n50）和正常體重者（19.8 * BMI * 24.2n, n46），進行體位測量、血液生化值、問卷和24小時飲食回n憶的評估。結果顯示：(一)在體位測量方面：肥胖

2、者體重、身體n質量指數(BMI)、BMI %、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀圍比值（WHR）、上臂n圍、上臂肌圍、三頭肌皮脂厚度、收縮壓及舒張壓均大於正常體n重者 (P0.05)。(二)在血液生化值方面：肥胖者血清三酸甘油n酯、總膽固醇 / 高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C) 比值顯著較正常體重者n高，但HDL-C值顯著較正常體重者低 (P0.05)。腰臀圍比值與n血壓、血脂質呈現顯著的相關性，即腰臀圍比值愈大者，其罹患n高血壓、心血管疾病的危險性就愈高。(三)在飲食習慣方面：肥n胖者嗜吃甜食、高油脂飲食，美食當前較難控制自己攝食的份量n(P0.05)，且情緒因素較易引起其攝食行為。(四)在營養知識n方面：兩組無顯

3、著差異。然而正常體重者營養知識與飲食習慣呈n現正相關 (r0.46 , P0.001)，但在肥胖者卻無此相關性的存n在。(五)在熱量及營養素攝取量上：兩組無顯著差異，且兩組均n有60 %以上的人其三大營養素攝取量的比例不符合建議量。兩組n在運動消耗熱量上也無顯著差異。(六)正常體重者體型誤認率n71.8 %高於肥胖者的24.0 %。而肥胖者體型不安情形略高於正常n體重者。(七)兩組人對於肥胖的態度敘述多呈負面的看法。(八)n大部分肥胖者在生產後或最近一年開始發胖，其減肥的動機以自n己主動想到居多（54.5 %），減肥的目的是為了身體健康或美觀n，40 %的人採用節食的方式減肥，最想減重的部位以

4、整體的體態n佔大多數(71 %)，運動不足及飲食過度是自認為導致肥胖的主要n原因。73 %的人在參加減重計劃後能有效的使體重下降，但46 %n的人其所減輕的體重只能維持1 - 3個月，只有9 %的人能維持到n現在。Comparison of nutrition-related factors between normal weight and obese groupnThe prevalence of obesity is increasing in Taiwan,nand obesity is highly correlated to the mortality andnmorbidity

5、of hypertension, diabetic mellitus andncardiovascular disease. It is important to know thendifferences on dietary patterns and nutrient intakenbetween normal weight and obese groups and the factorsnthat influence body weight. This study was conductednto investigate the differences on anthropometric,

6、nbiochemical, questionnaire and 24-h recall for normalnweight（19.8 * BMI * 24.2 , Body Mass Index (kg/m2)；nn=46）and obese groups（BMI * 26.5 ; n=50）. (1) Thenanthropometric results showed that the levels of waist,nhip, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), mid-arm circumference,ntriceps skinfold thickness (TSF)

7、and diastolic/systolicnblood pressure were higher in obese group than in thennormal-weight group ( P0.05 ). (2) The biochemicalndata indicated that the obese group had higherntriglyceride and total cholesterol (TC) / high densitynlipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio but lower HDL-Cnlevel than the n

8、ormal weight group ( P0.05 ). Thenblood pressure and lipid levels were positively correlatednwith WHR level. (3) The dietary pattern questionnairenshowed that the obese group ate more sweet and high fatncontent foods than normal weight group ( P0.05 ). Thentendency of emotional eating existed in obe

9、se group.n(4) There was no difference on knowledge score betweenntwo groups, but a positive correlation existed betweennknowledge and dietary practices for normal weight groupn( r=0.46 , P0.001 ). (5) There was no difference onComparison of nutrition-related factors between normal weight and obese g

10、roupnenergy and nutrients intake between two groups. However,nmore than 60 % of adults did not meet the recommendationnfor the proportion of three macronutrients set by NHAn(National Health Administration). There*s no evidence ofndifference in exercise energy expenditure in two groupsn. (6) The dist

11、oration of body image was significantlynhigher in normal weight group than obese group with thenpercentage of 71.8 % and 24 % , respectively. Obesengroup had a tendency of higher scores on individual bodynimage attitude statements than normal-weight group. (7)nBoth groups showed a negative view on a

12、ttitudesnregarding obesity. (8) Most obese people gained weightnafter delivery or within recent one year. The majornmotivation of losing weight was self decision. Thenpurpose of losing weight were health or beauty. Fortynpercent of obese people used diet to lose weight. Lessnexercise and excess intake of foods were the majorncauses of gaining weig