如何提高四级作文

1、2009年12月英语四级考试写作提高的办法            一、写作问题与解决办法            (一)存在问题            1.不会写         &

2、#160;  所谓不会写指的是，当考试拿过一篇文章不知如何下手，不知如何提笔进行写作。笔者认为主要是存在以下两个原因：一是考生的确无话可说；二是心里虽然有话，但是拿捏不准该写哪句为妙。于是思前想后、犹豫不决，始终不敢提笔进行写作。            2.写不好            所谓写不好就是，拿过作文题，没有明确的写作思路，不按套路出牌；或是简单汉语逻辑思维

3、写作，不符合英语写作标准，近而没有文采。原因在于：第一是平时没有养成良好的写作习惯；第二对于英语写作的句式特点以及整体文章结构框架不了解。            (二)解决办法            第一，首先必须熟悉英语四级写作具体要求。英语四级考试要求考生在30分钟内写出120字的文章。体材主要有议论文(分为“Topic题型”和A&B又称“正反观点题”)应用文(主要

4、是书信)、图表文等。针对不同的体裁，写作思路是不同的。比如，以议论文举例来说：            1.议论文写作思路            2.议论文分类：阐述主题型作文(Topic)；正反观点型作文(A&B)            3.阐述主题型作文写作：

5、(这类题型作文要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述)            (1)基本写作格式            4. 正反观点型作文(A&B)(这类题型作文通常从正反两方面来分别论述，最后得出你自己的结论。采用论点加论据写作形式。)          

6、  (1)基本写作格式            第二，熟悉英语写作的几个重要概念。            1.英语文章段落结构特点            英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成：主题句+扩展句+结尾句    &#

7、160;       (1)主题句：所谓主题句，就是英语文章段落的中心思想句。它是英语文章段落的灵魂，在英语文章段落中居于主导地位。我们都知道英语文章一般喜欢开门见山，所以主题句一般位于英语文章段落的句首。其他句子都要围绕它而展开。            (2)扩展句：所谓扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证的句子。通常我们写扩展句所采用的方法是举例子(for example, for    

8、60;        instance, such as, a case in point is that-)、列数据(according to the             recent study/survey,-)等。            (3)结尾句：所谓结尾句就是总结句。英语写作也类似于汉语写作

9、，最后再把自己本段落的写作目的陈述一下。但是在英语写作中结尾句毕竟还是少数。            因此我们通常看到英语的文章段落结构 60%-70%都是由主题句+扩展句构成。            2.主旨句            作为主旨句就是英语文章的中心思想句。

10、英语文章一般首先用一句话概括一下作者的写作目的或意图，我们就把这句话称之为主旨句。没有受过写作训练的考生是不会写主旨句的。因此这样的文章就不能够称之为好的英语文章，自然也得不到阅卷人的青睐了。            第三，学会遣词造句            1.遣词：         &#

11、160;  (1)词汇等级            所谓词汇的等级就是，我们在写作的过程中，如果想出一个基本词汇来之后，能够在这个基本词汇的基础上把它在提升一下，也就是我们一般写作所提倡的用“难词”。比如，我们一提到“重要的”，大多数同学首先会想到“important”这个单词，那么提升一下的话就可以想到它的如下同义词：significant,            

12、vital, main, basilica, crucial, momentous etc            (2)词汇准确性            所谓词汇的准确性是指，我们在有一个词近而想到它的同义词之后，要结合语境选择恰当的用词。在这里必须指明的是，并不是词汇等级越高越好，必须还要考虑到适合于不同的语境。比如，眼睛大，这个“大的”形容词，我们首先会想到big,近而想到

13、great,             large, huge, vast, titanic,             。那么是不是用后面的词就可以了呢？或者说用上enormous等词更能博得阅卷人的好感呢？答案是否定的。在这里很明显用后面的词来修饰眼睛是不可以，只能用big，因为我们听过一首英文歌曲叫做“I       

14、;      am a big big girl, in a big big world.”big表示眼睛大而迷人可爱的。            2.造句：            (1)词组            很多考

15、生平时写作不太擅长用词组，对于他们而言最习惯的就是想到汉语，然后对应汉语思维写出英语句子，这种写作只能是单词的罗列组合，谈不上什么技巧文采可言，因此，写出来的文章必然就是所谓平淡如流水，没有英语的味道。如果我们能够在单词的基础上，进一步想到与之同义的词组，那么文章就会显得与众不同，更具有英语的味道。比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词，当我们想到important的时候，如果从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到“be             ”。因为，语法中规定：形容词等于of加这个形容词

16、的名词形式。如果再提升一步，我们还学过一个常用的词组叫做“play an             important role in-”。很多同学说自己的文章凑不够字数或是没有文采，那么采用词组进行写作是不是就可以解决以上问题了呢？            (2)句式         

17、60;  除了采用词组，要使文章更具英语的味道，我们还需要变换句式。没有受过正规作文训练的考生，通常采用的句式系表。于是我们看到大多数的文章充斥着这样的形式：I             am a good boy, and I am a student. I study in Shandong University,             and I have th

18、ree years experience in Qilu Hotel.这样流水帐式的文章显然不能得到高分。            写作中阅卷人喜欢的句式有以下两种：一是插入语；二是倒装。            第一，插入语。            所谓插入语，英语中有两

19、种形式。一种是有两个逗号之间引起的成分称之为插入语；第二种是有两个半破折号引起的成分称之为插入语。如下所示(黑体划线处)：            Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city.            Other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial a

20、id,             material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by             helping us resolve and cope with our problems.         

21、   插入语的作用主个是突出主语，比如说：He, who would like to play basketball, is a good             student.            第二个作用是解释说明，比如说：People, especially students, should work hard.   

22、;         第二，倒装            倒装是我们写作中需要用到的。虽然略显俗套，但是却是很能满足阅卷人的主观感受的。常用的倒装形式有以下几种：            Only + 时间状语        

23、    Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at             all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more             beautiful future.&

24、#160;           Only + 介词词组            Only by planning his time care fully can he improve efficiency and             make achievements.

25、0;           Only in this way can we master the writing skills step by steps.            否定词位于句首(hardly when; never; not only-,but also-; seldom)        &#

26、160;   在我一生当中很难遇到这样的人            Seldom in my  such a kind-hearted man.            地点方位名词位于句首            In no other pla

27、ce in the world can one find such enthusiasm for             applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.            (3)修辞            无

28、论是汉语写作还是英语写作，修辞其实非常的重要。它是作者写作功底具体事例地展现。所谓修辞包括比喻、拟人、排比等等。英语写作中的修辞问题我已经专门写过一篇文章(见英语写作几种修辞手法)。这里仅举一个比喻例子，还是拿“重要的”来举例。当你用完词组之后，如果你用上下面比如句子，则文章就会显得神采飞扬，试比较：            The bicycle is important for us.        &#

29、160;   The bicycle is  for us.            The bicycle plays an important role in our life.            The bicycle, environmental friendliness vehicle, plays an important  

30、;           role in our life.            The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be             parted with a moment in

31、our life.            那么很明显，最后一个句子是我们最终拿到考场上去搏击高分的句子。            第四，平时要注意积累            很多考生为了写好作文也作了好多工作，课下也付出了很多，包括背诵大量的文章等等，但是提笔写作时候，仍

32、不。问题在哪里呢？            我认为，很多考生虽然也背诵文章，但却只是死记硬背。如果合上书本让他复述，他们就会卡壳。就是茶壶里煮饺子，倒不出来。我们说背诵是个输入的过程，而说和写则是输出的过程。我们真正需要的是把平时积累的随时随地用在我们的写作中。因此，我们在注重积累的同时，一定在平时练习的时候，把他们多家运用。只有多练多用，才能真正达到学以致用，才能真正提高写作水平。 英语四六级考试写作中的词汇升级作文题目是：Should One Expect a Reward When

33、 Doing a Good Deed?1. 有人做好事期望得到回报2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报;3. 我的观点。变脸的步骤应该是怎么样的：1)动词变脸。一个句子的核心意思一般是通过名词来表达的，譬如这句话的核心意思是REWARD，那么中间的动词EXPECT在文章中其实是一个指示的作用，因此我们首先应该考虑的不是改动核心内容，而是改动辅助功能选项。在EXPECT这样一个单词面前，我们未免觉得这个应该是高考的核心考察单词，但是到了CET-6这样的考试之中，我们再用这样的单词就未免显得我们的低水平和低素质。在大学英语的第一册，我们就曾经学过一个词组叫做LOOK FORWARD TO D

34、OING STH表示期待的意思，另外在我们常背的六级词汇书中，乃至更低一级的四级考试中，会经常看到一个叫做ANTICIPATE的单词，这些单词其实都是和EXPECT的意思属于可以进行同义替换的单词，我们在替换的时候首先就是要想到这些同义的动词。另外我们在WHEN引导的从句中还看到了一个DOING这样的动词，此时我们脑海中需要瞬间迸发换词的激情。涉及到做事的六级词汇，CONDUCT这个词非他莫属。今后大家请牢记，为自己准备一个词汇升级表格，将你平时学习的过程中，不断的积累你不懂的一切单词并将其归纳。2)名词变脸。在阅读理解之中，我们知道寻找关键词应该是名词，因为名词有助于大家对于文章的中心内容进

35、行定位，尤其是一些特有名词。那么我们在变脸的过程中，需要考虑到的一个问题就是名词的变形。比如说这篇文章里面，一个典型的名词就是REWARD。在面对这样一个既具有名词意义，又有动词意义的单词，我们首选就是考虑将单词的表达方式进行有据变化。比如我们可以考虑将REWARD变成BE REWARDED的这种被动形式，这样就直接改变了单词的词性，由名词变为动词，同时这样的改变也是一种安全的变化。当然，能力更好的同学可是尝试不仅仅改变单词的词性，同时可以替换成为另外一个近义词。REWARD表示的意思是报酬，奖励，那么一个和它意思仅仅有小小区别但是相差不大的单词就是AWARD。这个单词用于表示一种官方的奖励行

36、为。比如说奥斯卡金像奖就是OSCAR AWARD。另外可以进行词义替换的单词就是ONE。我们都清楚，这个题目的意思就是一个人做好事应不应该要报酬。那么表示一个人的单词实际上太多太多了，随便拿起来一个进行替换都是可以的，比如说MAN, INDIVIDUAL, PEOPLE, PERSON。但是在替换的过程中，我们也要考虑到替换的词语会不会过于夸张，比如有的人用HUMAN, HUMAN BEING, 就显得很夸张。那是表示人类的单词，我们不会把文章上升到人类学的角度去看问题，因此我们在使用词义替换升级的同时，应该同时避免使用夸张词汇。全句经过词汇升级之后，不仅仅单词有了升级，语法使用上，句型使用上

37、也进行了进一步的改造，使得老师瞬间对文章的整体有一种美感。升级后的句子可以写成：Should man look forward to being rewarded when conducting a good deed? 这样的句子就是在开头给与老师一个彻底的印象：这个学生太牛了。下面我拿上我的一位学生写的文章给大家详细解析一下如何进行正文的词汇升级，在未来的六级考试中，请大家一定谨记：词汇升级很重要，动词名词排队变，词性近义轮流改，夸张生词决不要。Recently, the issue, a reward expected in doing a good deed, has been sha

38、rply brought to public attention.第一段进行词汇升级之后，形成这样的句子：Currently, the issue that should man look forward to being rewarded when conducting a good deed is being drastically debated in public.经过词汇升级之后，我们清晰的看到了升级后的句子不仅仅有对于题目的彻头彻尾的改写，同时在用法中加入了类似currently, drastically, debate, in public这样的六级核心词汇，表达的意思与原句并没

39、有太大的出入，但出来的效果显然更加精彩。同时同学们一定会有疑问，老师为什么不用nowadays作为开头呢?虽然他们都表达的意思都可以叫做当今，现在，可是nowadays在论文写作中可以使用，在六级写作的图表写作可以使用，尤其涉及到经济学等学科的时候是可以使用的，另外涉及到科技的发展和社会的进步的情况的时候可以使用，而本文需要阐明的是一种社会现象，在这种情况下，用nowadays显得很夸张以及不合时宜。因此我们在进行词汇升级的时候，一定要记得因地制宜，夸张生词决不要。同时在原句中，学生用到sharply这个单词去表示激烈地，说明学生的词汇量有限，同义替换激烈地，在六级写作中可以使用：drasti

40、cally, impetuously, intensely, volcanically，这些单词来进行替换。      In some peoples opinions, it is reasonable to expect a reward when doing a good deed. First and foremost, “No pay, no gain”. Now that some efforts have been taken, people should gain rewards. Besides, if holding a e

41、xpectation of rewarding, people would be encouraged to do good deeds.第二段进行词汇升级之后，形成这样的句子：Some people defend that it deserves to be rewarded after a good deed has been done in that they believe that contemporary society has increasingly converted to “money worship” community. Now that expending time,

42、 dedicating effort, or even consuming money in doing good deeds, correspondently, it is appropriate to acquire rewards. Besides, rewarding those who have conducted good deeds would inspire them to do more. (最后一句话可写可不写)第二段主要升级的地方有：1.从单词角度来说，原先用到的低级单词，词组乃至谚语的使用，比如：In some peoples opinions，reasonable，“

43、No pay, no gain”， gain，encourage，上升到defend，deserves to，converted ，money worship，community ，appropriate，acquire，correspondent，inspire之类的高端词汇。我们可以看到，得到升级的词汇主要还是集中在动词方面。另外，我们在写作的时候可以预见到的就是“No pay, no gain”一定将会成为写作当中的高频词汇并且被其他考生滥用至死。那么我们就应该避免与他人的重复，一个money worship拜金主义，让考官一眼就明白了想要表达的意思。2.既然单词升级了，那么句型的用法自

44、然也得到了相应的升级。比如说原先是四句话解决的问题，改变之后就用三句话可以说清楚。同时连接起来相对更加通顺自然，因果，并列，递进，转折，一气呵成，文章的起承转合更加通顺。造成这个的根本原因就是in that这个词组的使用。因此我们在词汇升级的同时，一定要注意到这些基本连词的使用技巧。3. 用以表达认为，猜测，想等心里活动的动词有：suppose，figure，reckon，believe，presume，assume，defend，argue，reason用以表达获得的单词有：obtain，attain，acquire用以表达改变，转变的单词有：divert，convert，alter，tra

45、nsfer，transformIn spite of all these claims, most people agree that there is unnecessary to reward after doing a good deed. Most important of all, doing good deeds should originate in humans heart. Its pleasure to help others. Moreover, Leifeng, doing lots of good deeds without rewards, is regarded

46、as a model. That is to say, praise is beyond a good deed. Finally, it is a responsibility to help others in trouble.第三段进行词汇升级之后，形成这样的句子：In spite of above-mentioned statements, the majority still consent that it is dispensable to reward people of doing good. Take Mr. Leifeng as an example, he spent h

47、is whole frugal life in aiding and assisting others without any return. Up to the present, people commemorate him in every 5th March. He declined rewards and awards but achieved regards and respects. Therefore, doing good deeds should be based on ones beautiful mind, which is a sort of virtue out of

48、 self-consciousness. Meanwhile, doing good deeds incarnates mans social liabilities and obligations.第三段升级的地方有更多：1. 对于单词的升级有：above-mentioned，majority，consent，dispensable，frugal， aiding and assisting，return ，Up to the present，commemorate，declined ，regards and respects，self-consciousness，incarnates，lia

49、bilities and obligations。文章中尤其重视了对押头韵的方法写作，使用的单词更是一般学生不会在写作中涉及的单词。比如说到责任，学生会第一时间想到一个词：responsibility。但是在文章中，既然别人都使用这样的高频词汇，那么我们在给与单词升级的时候，就要避免出现这样的高频单词。2.文章的结构更加的完美。开头就带入雷锋同志的先进事例，通过举例说明引出为什么不要得到回报的两点原因。这样的文章更能表现出有理推断的写作逻辑。通过改变我们写作的顺续就可以将文章丰满，这也是值得我们去借鉴的地方。Weighing the pros and cons of these argumen

50、ts, I am inclined to agree with the latter point of view. Although it is not an error that getting rewards legally in doing good deeds, I dont think it is virtuous. How can we, being warm-hearted and well-educated people in contemporary society, not do good deeds without rewards?第四段进行词汇升级之后，形成这样的句子：

51、Weighing the pros and cons, I am inclined to approve the latter viewpoint. Although reward accepting can hardly be accounted for a blunder, I still deem that doing good deeds without reward should be consistently a favorable custom in the country. I hold this truth as self-evident that ask not what

52、others do for you, ask what you do for others.第四段在变脸之后1.词汇升级的部分有：approve，viewpoint，accounted for，blunder，deem，consistently，favorable custom，在最后一段其实是表明自己的观点的同时，对文章的中心论点进行再次的阐明和强调。与其和别人大相径庭的结尾进行模版式的搬弄，还不如在文章的最后进行主题的升华。2.文章的最后一句话就是一篇文章的主题的再突出，用了两句名人名言的改写，一个是林肯总统，一个是罗斯福总统的话。让人感觉文章的档次瞬间上升。相比较而言，什么NO PAY

53、NO GAIN这样的土话就请大家以后不要再用了。        在改写完成之后，整篇文章的最后形状是这样的：Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?Currently, the issue that should man look forward to being rewarded when conducting a good deed is being drastically debated in public.Some people defend th

54、at it deserves to be rewarded after a good deed has been done in that they believe that contemporary society has increasingly converted to “money worship” community. Now that expending time, dedicating effort, or even consuming money in doing good deeds, correspondently, it is appropriate to acquire

55、 rewards.In spite of above-mentioned statements, the majority still consent that it is dispensable to reward people of doing good. Take Mr. Leifeng as an example, he spent his whole frugal life in aiding and assisting others without any return. Up to the present, people commemorate him in every 5th

56、March. He declined rewards and awards but achieved regards and respects. Therefore, doing good deeds should be based on ones beautiful mind, which is a sort of virtue out of self-consciousness. Meanwhile, doing good deeds incarnates mans social liabilities and obligations.Weighing the pros and cons,

57、 I am inclined to approve the latter viewpoint. Although reward accepting can hardly be accounted for a blunder, I still deem that doing good deeds without reward should be consistently a favorable custom in the country. I hold this truth as self-evident that ask not what others do for you, ask what

58、 you do for others.文章进行词汇升级之前，最多在考官的面前能够拿到9分，但是经过细致的升级和改革之后，本文在实际考试中的打分至少可以得到14分。当然文章可以做得更好，但是需要的是大家能够脱离既定的模版进行写作，否则进行无数次的词汇升级，哪怕是把单词上升到GRE考试的高度上，写出来的文章也不能做到有血有肉。在这样一个写作模版流行的时代，我更希望同学们能够记住一个我自己创造的单词：demodelization。我解释的意思就是去模版化。模版不能说没有用，它在我们考试的时候帮助我们节省了宝贵的时间去思考文章的核心，只要往里面进行拼凑就可以了。可是却丧失了达到作文考察的根本目的：对于

59、已经获取知识的合理运用。因此我们在写作文的时候，第一个考虑的就是将自己所写的文章进行词汇的但方面升级，另外一点就是应该让自己的文章尽量脱离模版来完成。模版不是万能，单词也不是万能，合理的利用所学知识才是永远的万能。2009年6月四六级作文基本句式2009-05-12 17:10:59 作者：hss1984 来源： 浏览次数：3934 网友评论 0 条 1.表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this.2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious.4)The reas

60、on for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that.6)We have good reason to believe that.例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，people's living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what

61、they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2.表示好处1)It has the following advantages.2)It does us a lot of good.3)It benefits us quite a

62、 lot.4)It is beneficial to us.5)It is of great benefit to us.例如：Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3.表示坏处1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.2)It does us much

63、 harm.3)It is harmful to us.例如：However，everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient, possible)for sb.to do sth.2)We think

64、 it necessary to do sth.3)It plays an important role in our life.例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon, computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our

65、life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.                5.表示措施1)We should take some effective measures.2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.4)We should so

66、lve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.6.表示变化1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2)A great change will certainly be produced

67、in the world's communications.3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.例如： Some changes have taken place in people's diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protei

68、n，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.7.表示事实、现状1)We cannot ignore the fact that.2)No one can deny the fact that.3)There is no denying the fact that.4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5)However，that's not the case.例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrializ

69、ation brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.8.表示比较1)Compared with A，B.2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3

70、)There is a striking contrast between them.例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to people's health by giving t

71、hem due physical exercise.       9.表示数量 1)It has increased(decreased)from.to.2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800，000.3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15%compared with that of January.例如：With the improvement of the living st

72、andard，the proportion of people's income spent on food hasdecreased while that spent on education has increased.再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.注："From the graph listed above