2016年电大社会工作与管理（本）专业社会统计学试题资料汇总

1、.电大社会统计学试卷社会工作与管理（本）专业一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共15分）1在下列两两组合的平均指标中，哪一组的两个平均数完全不受极端数值的影响？ 【 】 A算术平均数和调和平均数 B几何平均数和众数C调和平均数和众数 D众数和中位数2抽样推断的目的是 【 】A以样本指标推断总体指标 B取得样本指标C以总体指标估计样本指标 D以样本的某一指标推断另一指标3下列哪两个变量之间的相关程度高 【 】A商品销售额和商品销售量的相关系数是0.9；B商品销售额与商业利润率的相关系数是0.84；C平均流通费用率与商业利润率的相关系数是-0.94；D商品销售价格与销售量的相关系数是-0.91。4在抽样

2、推断中，可以计算和控制的误差是 【 】A抽样实际误差 B抽样标准误差 C非随机误差 D系统性误差5不重复抽样的抽样标准误公式比重复抽样多了一个系数 【 】A BC D6估计标准误说明回归直线的代表性，因此 【 】A估计标准误数值越大，说明回归直线的代表性越大；B估计标准误数值越大，说明回归直线的代表性越小；C估计标准误数值越小，说明回归直线的代表性越小；D估计标准误数值越小，说明回归直线的实用价值越小。7平均差与标准差的主要区别是 【 】A意义有本质的不同 B适用条件不同C对离差的数学处理方法不同 D反映的变异程度不同8“统计”一词的含义可以包括的是 【 】A统计工作、统计资料、统计学 B统计

3、工作、统计资料、统计方法C统计资料、统计学、统计方法 D统计工作、统计学、统计方法9已知甲数列的算术平均数为100，标准差为20；乙数列的算术平均数为50，标准差为9。由此可以认为 【 】A甲数列算术平均数的代表性好于乙数列 B乙数列算术平均数的代表性好于甲数列C两数列算术平均数的代表性相同 D两数列算术平均数的代表性无法比较10变量x与y之间的负相关是指 【 】A. x数值增大时y也随之增大 B. x数值减少时y也随之减少 C. x数值增大时y随之减少 D. y的取值几乎不受x取值的影响11次数数列各组变量值都增加2倍，每组次数减少2倍，中位数 【 】A减少2倍 B增加2倍C减少1倍 D不变

4、12第一类错误是在下列条件下发生 论 【 】A. 原假设为真 B. 原假设为假 C. 显著性水平较小 D. 显著性水平较大13设，其中、为常数，且，则 【 】 A. B. C. D. 14设随机变量，则随增大， 【 】A.单调增大 B.单调减小 C.保持不变 D.增减不定15设随机变量相互独立，,，则 【 】A. B.C. D.二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1社会调查资料有 、统计规律性的特点。2在 分布之下，众数>中位数。3对某一班级50名学生的体育达标情况进行测评，发现有35名同学达到合格标准，则达标率的均值是 。4参数优良估计的三个标准是 、有效性、一致性。5抽样误差是由于抽样的

5、随机性而产生的误差，这种误差不可避免，但可以 。6抽样推断运用 的方法对总体的数量特征进行估计。7一个回归方程只能作一种推算，即给出自变量的数值，估计_的可能值。8袋中有4个白球，7个黑球，从中任意取一个球则取出白球的概率为 。9设X1, X2, X10是来自总体XN(0,s 2)的样本，则服从 分布。10三次独立的试验中，成功的概率相同，已知至少成功一次的概率为，则每次试验成功的概率为 。三、简答题（每小题9分，共18分）1试解释随机抽样的随机原则？2试列出三个以上的离散趋势测度方法。四、证明题（每小题6分，共12分）1证明 若>0，>0，则有（1） 当与独立时，与相容；（2）

6、当与不相容时，与不独立。2设随机变量和均服从正态分布，而，试证明 。五、计算题（共45分）1（10分）一盒乒乓球有6个新球，4个旧球，不放回抽取，每次任取一个，共取两次，求：(1) 第二次才取到新球的概率； (2) 发现其中之一是新球，求另一个也是新球的概率。2（12分）设连续型随机变量的密度为 试求：(1)确定常数； (2)； (3)分布函数F(x)。3（10分）已知某炼铁厂铁水含碳量服从正态分布，现在测定了九炉铁水，其平均含碳量为4.484。如果估计方差没有变化，可否认为现在生产之铁水平均含碳量仍为4.55（，）？4（13分）检查五位同学会计学的学习时间与成绩分数如下表所示。学习时数（小时

7、）学习成绩（分）44066075010701390根据资料：（1）由此计算出学习时数与学习成绩之间的相关系数；（2）建立学习成绩（）依学习时间（）的直线回归方程。 答案一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共15分）1D 2A 3C 4B 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 A 9 B 10C 11 B 12 A 13 D14 C 15 B二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1随机性2左偏或负偏3 70%4 无偏性5控制6概率估计7因变量8 4/119自由度为10的分布10 1/3三、简答题（每小题9分，共18分）1答：所谓随机原则是指在抽选调查对象时，规定了一定的程序（3分），以保证每一个单位都有同等入选的机会（

8、3分），从而避免了主观因素的影响（3分）。2答：异动比率；极差；四分互差；方差与标准差。（各答对一项给3分） 四、证明题（每小题6分，共12分）1证明：（1）因为与独立，所以 ，与相容。（3分）（2）因为，而， ，与不独立。（3分）2证明： （3分） （3分）.五、计算题（共45分）1（本题满分10分）解：设 =第i次取得新球，i=1,2. (1) 设C=第二次才取得新球，有； （4分）(2) 设事件 D = 发现其中之一是新球，E = 其中之一是新球，另一个也是新球 （2分） （2分） （2分） 2（本题满分12分）解：（1）故=5 。（2） （3分）（3）当x<0时,F(x)=0;

9、（2分）当时， （2分） 故 . （2分）3解: 假设 （3分） 由已知条件,， （4分） （2分）接受, 即现在生产之铁水平均含碳量仍为4.55。 （1分）4 解：设学习时间为自变量，学习成绩为因变量，所需合计数如下： （1）计算相关系数 =0.956 (5分)(2)(2分)编制直线回归方程： (3分)经计算求得： (3分) 回归方程为：请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminal

10、s) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the

11、 axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine v

12、esicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or betwe

13、en nerve cells and non-nerve cells. This process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between mo

14、tor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and ph

15、ysical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an

16、enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differ

17、s. In the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activat

18、ion of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects i

19、n different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acety

20、lcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known a

21、s nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the actio

22、n of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In

23、the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-bound vesicles . After the arriva

24、l of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft . For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate

25、a receptor protein. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movemen

26、t of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting in depolarization of the neuron. Muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. For a cholinergic neuron to receive anothe

27、r impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. This will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. Low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcho

28、linesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesti

29、cides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. Although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) inhibition. Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to im

30、prove memory in some people with Alzheimer's disease. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in New York City during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in American art in the following decade; also called action painting and the New York school. It was the

31、 first important school in American painting to declare its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Miró, and surrealism, became more personally e

32、xpressive. Jackson Pollock's turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. Willem de Kooning's first one-man show in 1948 established him as a highly influential a

33、rtist. His intensely complicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of Woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. Painters such as Philip Guston and Franz Kline turned to the abstract late in the

34、1940s and soon developed strikingly original stylesthe former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. Other important artists involved with the movement included Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko; among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamo