初中祈使句感叹句倒装句讲解与练习题

1、7祈使句、感叹句、倒装句专练第一部分：祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征：祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语 you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常 用降调。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：1. Jack, keep off the grass!勿踩草地!2. Put the boxes in the small room, Mary.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二.祈使句的肯定句式：祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。例如： Make sentences af

2、ter the model.2. Be 动词+ 其他成分。例如： Everybody, be careful when crossing the street.3. Let +宾语+动词原形+其他成分。例如： Let him go back now.三.祈使句的否定句式：祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don' t或Never , 一般分为以下四种类型：1 .在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don' t例如：Don' t say that again!2 .在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don' t例如：Don' t be careless.注意：在这种句型

3、中 be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3 . Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1) Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在 Let前加 Don' t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let' s开头的祈使句，必须在 Let' s后加not。例如：a. Don' t let me go with her tomorrow. = Let me not go with her tomorrow.b. Let' s not tell her the truth whenever we meet

4、 her.4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示 禁止做某事”。例如： NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！No Smoking!禁止吸烟！四.祈使句的反意问形式：这种疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：1 .祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用 will you ；例如： Be sure to write to us, will you?2 .祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you 。例如：Don' t smoke in the meeting room, will you?3 . L

5、et开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除 Let' s用shall we 外，其他均用 will you 。 例如：Let the boy go first, will you?Let' s take a walk after supper,shall we?五.特殊形式的祈使句：在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状 语从句。例如：More water and the young trees couldn ' t have died.= If you h

6、ad givent have died.them more water, the young trees couldn第二部分：感叹句一.感叹句的句式特征：感叹句，一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。感叹词+修饰对象+感叹部分+ 主语+ 谓语+其他！How 修饰形容词：How nice the girl is!修饰副词：How carefully she works?How hard the boy

7、is swimming!What（形容词）修饰单数可数名词What a nice girl she is修饰复数可数名词What nice girls they are!修饰不可数名词What fine weather （it is） today!二.感叹句的特殊形式：感叹句还可由陈述句、疑问句、祈使句，甚至一个词组及单词构成，并加重语气。例如：1. There was no face showing!2. He' s such a nice boy!3. The Great Wall is a magnificent building!4. Isn ' t it snowin

8、g heavily!5. Wonderful!6. Nonsense!7. Happy New Year to you!第三部分：倒装句英语句子的正常语序是：主语 +谓语 + （宾语）。即主语在前，谓语在后。但是，有时 由于句子结构的需要或者需要强调，这时就要采用倒装语序。eg. 1. I have never seen a movie so moving before.（正常语序）=Never before have I seen a movie so moving.2. Hi , Jack, here is a post card for you.3. What are your stud

9、ents doing at the moment?4. Were I you, I would do it better.5. Only in this way can you succeed.6. He can speak much English, so can I.一.倒装句的用途：表成分强调，句子平衡。二.倒装句的类型：A.无助动词的倒装句：1 .表地点、位置的副词或者介词短语（在句首时）：here, there, out, down, in,away, nearby; out of the room, in front of the building, inside the offi

10、ce a. 全倒装. There comes the bus. =There it comes.In came the teacher when the bell ran. =In she came when.Away ran the boy. = Away he ran.Down the river flowed the river.b. 部分倒装 .Out of the classroom she ranat once.Look, there he comes.Here you are.2 .感叹句中： What fine weather it is today!How time flie

11、s, I think!B.含助动词的倒装句:1. 在否定词前置时（句首） ： never, not, nor, neither, hardly, little, few; neverbefore, neither .nor-., not until ，not only .but also eg. Not only does he have a sister, but he has a little brother.Little can I speak French.Not until he saw the present, did she feel happy.I don t know tha

12、t small village, nor do Mike and Jack.2. 由 only, so 前置（句首）时：eg. Only when he failed, did he know his mistake.So fast does light travel that it s difficult to imagine its speed.三.倒装句练习题1. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _ A. so does JohnB. John does too2. They have a good knowledge of abo

13、ut German.A. doB. have3. In the dark forest , sometowns.A. stand many lakesB. lie many lakes4. Only when my friend came, .C. neither does JohnEnglish but little they knowC. doesare large enough to holdseveralC. many lakes lieA. did the computer repairB. he repaired the computerC. was thecomputer rep

14、aired5. Not until I began to work, how much time I had wasted（浪费 ）.A. did I realizeB. was I realizeC.I realized6. Where go last summer, Jane?A. do youB. did you7. On the walltwo beautiful pictures.A. hangB. hangs8. Bad boy! .A. Out you goB. Out go youC. you didC. hangingC. Out goes you9. Do you know

15、 out the problem?A. how did he workB. how he workC. how he worked10. I guess you have known much about Jay Chou, ?A. don t youB. haven t youC. did you11. can you expect to get a pay rise.A. With hard workB. Although work hardC. Only with hard workD. Now that he works hard12., mother will wait for hi

16、m to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is lateC. However is he lateD. However late he is13. Not until all the fish died in the river, how serious the pollutionwas.A. did the villagers realizeC. the villagers did realize8. the villagers realizedD. didn t the villagers realize14.

17、 I don t think I can walk any further. , Let s stop here for a rest.A. Neither can IB. Neither do IC. I didn t think so D. I think so15. Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother? I don t know, .A. nor don t I care B. nor do I careC. I don t care neither D. I doncare also16. Only by practicing a few

18、hours every day be able to waste muchtime.A. you canB. can youC. you willD. will you17. Not until the early years of the19th century what heat is.A. man did knowB. man knewC. didn t man know D. did manknow18. got into the room, the telephone rang.A. He hardly; thenB. Hardly had he; whenC. He had not

19、; thanD.Not had he; when19. snacks and drinks ， but they also brought cards forentertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring四祈使句、感叹句练习题2. I m different from my twin sister. I love dancing, she i

20、s interestedin reading. （06 北京课改实验区）A. soB. orC. butD. and3. Somebody is waiting outside. He wants to see you. （06苏州 ）no one knows I m here.A. ForB. And4. The dress fits me well,expensive. （06 南京 ）A. soB. andC. ButD. SoI don t want to buy it because itC. orD. buts too5. It was snowing hard we had to

21、 stay at home and watch TV.（06天津 ）A. thatB. soC. butD. because8. Work hard, you may catch up with your classmates soon. （06重庆）A. orB. butC. andD. yet9. Would you like to play basketball with us? （06福建课改实验区） Yes, I d love to. I m a fraid I have no time.A. SoB. ButC. OrD. And10. We had better ask Bob

22、to help us. （06绍兴 ）he is away on business.A SoB. AndC. OrD. But广州课改实验区)11. weather we had on our holiday! （06A. What a goodB. How a goodC. What goodD. How good12. We didn t have enough chairs, some of the students had to sit onthe floor. （06 广州课改实验区）A. butB. soC. orD. and13. Look left and right befo

23、re you cross the road, you may be hit bya car. （06 黄冈课改实验区）A. andB. soC. butD. or14. He can t decide which to choosethere is no difference betweenthem. （06 山西 ）A. butB. soC. because15. Study hard, you re sure to have a good result in the exam. （06威海 ）沈阳宜昌A. Let s to playB. Let s playC. Let playD. Le

24、t to playA.andB. butC. forD. or16.Hold on to your dreams, they will come true one day. （06沈阳 )A.butB. andC. orD. so17.lovely weather! Let s go on a picnic. （06沈阳 )A.WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a21.tall trees they are!A.HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an22.kind they are!A.WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a23.hard

25、all these people are working!A.WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a25.large the factory is!A.HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a26.make any noise here. The babies are sleeping.A.NotB. NoC. Don tD. Do27. computer games, shall we?2. We have fine weather today.3. It ' s sunny today. 4. The children are working hard

26、. working!5. She played basketball wonderfully. basketball!6. He is good at singing.7. He was doing well in dancing.8. Tom coughs badly. 9. The fish is very lovely.10. They live a happy life today.28. good boy he is!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a五综合练习： （一）. 将下列句子变成感叹句：1. It is quite a nice present.f

27、 nice present!weather we have today!sunny day it is today!the children aref she playedhe sings!a dancer he was!cough Tom has!the fish is!life theylive!（二）.将下列句子变成祈使句：11. Would you like to wait a moment?f a moment.12. Can I use your bike?fPlease your bike.13. You ' d better not smoke here.f here.

28、14. You must be careful with your handwriting.with your handwriting.15. Will you please not play with my pencil? fwith mypencil,.（三）.选择适当的答案填空：4.sunny day! Let ' s go out for a walk.（1999 江西）A. How aB. HowC. What a5.hard work it is! （1999浙江）D. WhatA. HowB. WhatC. What a6.day it is! It' s rainy again. （1999 江西）D. What anA. How badB. What a badC. How finefine8.expensive trousers! （1999浙江）D. What aA. WhatB. What aC. HowD. Wh