倒装句的翻译

1、 吴宜涛 2011/5Inversion 倒置法 Inversion implies a necessary change of word order to conform to the good usage in the target language. Besides differences of word order in sentence structures, logical sequences of thinking, saying and writing between the two languages may differ, which is especially true

2、of long sentences.Contents 词组或短语的词序倒置 定语的词序倒置 倒置定语与名词的词序 倒置前置序列定语 定语从句的位置 句子结构的倒置 Inversion of Word Order in Translating Word-Groups or PhrasesFour cardinal points: north, south, east, and west.Northeast, northwest, southeast, southwestMen and women, young and old; sisters and brothersSooner or late

3、r; rich and poor; loss and gainEnglishChineseNarrower rangewider rangeWider range narrower rangeLess important more importantMore important less importantweaker strongerstronger weaker Examples: 无地和少地的农民 peasants who have little or no land 中小企业 small and medium-sized enterprises 我们并不认为，他们必须或者应当采取我们的

4、做法。 We do not maintain that they should or must adopt our way. Inversion of Word Order in Translating Attributes Invert the word order of the attributive and the noun consul general 总领事 court-martial 军事法庭 God Almighty 万能的神（上帝） Invert the word order in translating a series of attributive modifiers be

5、fore a noun She was an intelligent, attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor in Haddington. 她是哈丁顿一位富裕医生的女儿，有才华，又迷人，但有点脾气。 The order in multiple attribution General principle for placing several attributive modifiers before a noun Position of Adjective Clauses In English,

6、 adjective clauses are divided into two kinds: restrictive and non-restrictive. These are all placed after the noun they modify. In translation, however, they are treated in different ways. 1. Restrictive adjective clauses which confine the meanings of nouns usually precede the nouns they modify to

7、make the expressions closely connected in structure if they are not very long. Objects that do not transfer light cause shadows.不透光的物体会造成阴影。 Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really

8、 helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.历史书上出现得最经常和最为显耀的人物大多是一些伟大的征服者、将军和士兵，而那些真正推动文明前进的人却往往名不见经传。 2. Adjective clauses which only have descriptive or supplementary function for the nouns preceded, or very long adjective clauses, often follow, yet sometimes precede, the nouns t

9、hey modify. These are translated in various ways, being separated from the main clauses. (1) Translate the English adjective clauses into Chinese coordinate clauses: You, whose ancestors pioneered the paths of modern civilization, have taken the road to higher forms of social organization and cultur

10、e.你们的祖先开辟了走向现代文明的道路，而你们现在又已踏上了走向更高级的社会组织和文化形式的道路。 (2) Translate the English adjective clauses into Chinese subordinate(adverbial) clauses denoting purpose, result, reason, condition, concession, etc. John, who was sick yesterday, did not come to class. 约翰昨天病了，没有来上课。 (reason) They tried to stamp out

11、the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他们企图镇压反抗，但是反抗却越来越激烈，并已遍及全国了。 (result) In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved. 当两国发生争端时，如如与两国皆友好，则应尽量避免卷入。(condition) So my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim al

12、though I have not given up my efforts to get a passport, which will enable me to visit the countries of Socialism. 因此，我到革命的中国来的希望相当小了，虽然我并没有放弃努力，来争取获得护照，以便以便访问社会主义国家。 (purpose) Peter, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiments, could not obtain satisfactory results,

13、 because he followed them mechanically. 虽然虽然彼得在做实验之前从头到尾仔细阅读过操作指南，但是由于他生搬硬套，所以得不到满意的结果。(concession) Inversion of Sentence Structure English and Chinese find their differences in the arrangement of sentence structure. A common rule for what to be the first and what to be the next in arranging a sente

14、nce is often like the following:English ChineseEffect CauseCause EffectConclusion AnalysisAnalysis ConclusionHypothesis PremisePremise Hypothesis Effect & Cause We are delighted with the two superpowers treaty limiting the number of anti-ballistic missile systems that they may retain and their a

15、greement on limitations on strategic offensive weapons. 两个超级大国签订了限制它们可保留的反导弹系统的数目的条约并达成了限制进攻性战略武器的协议，对此我们感到高兴。 Conclusion & Analysis The solution to the problem of Southern Africa cannot ramain forever hostage to the political maneuvers and tactical delays by South Africa, nor to its transparent

16、 proposals aimed at procrastination and the postponement of the solution. 不管是南非耍政治花招和策略上的拖延手段，还是提出显然旨在拖延问题解决的建议，都不能永远阻挡南部非洲问都不能永远阻挡南部非洲问题的解决题的解决。 Hypothesis & Premise Our country could be effective in both the tasks outlined by the Presidentthat is, of making a contribution to a permanent peace

17、in the Middle as well as of ending hostilitiesif we conducted ourselves so that we could remain in permanent contact with all of these elements in the equation. 如果我们采取行动，以便能够继续与中东问题各方始终保如果我们采取行动，以便能够继续与中东问题各方始终保持接触持接触，那么我国就能有效地担当起总统所提出的两项任务，那就是在中东结束敌对行动以及对该地区的永久和平做出贡献。 小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一

18、定能够战胜大国的侵略。 The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country. The Latest & the Earliest I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in t

19、he recovery of my lost document. 我丢失的文件得以找回，他出了不少力。对此我过去感激，现在仍然很感激。 He flew back just yesterday from Georgia where he had spent his vacation after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in the south. 他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程，任务完成后，他就去佐治亚度假，昨天才坐飞机回来。 Conclusion Inversion is a technique conn

20、ected with grammer, rhetoric, logic, usage, and thinking style. The following shows some general differences between English and Chinese in sentence structure and word order:比较要点英语汉语叙事部分与表态部分的顺序先总提后分述（表态部分在前，叙事部分在后）先分述后总提 （顺序与英语往往相反）意思强弱、轻重部分的顺序先弱后强，先轻后重，先小后大顺序往往相反长短部分顺序先短后长，常用时态、连接词语等表示时间和逻辑顺序先长后短，

21、常用分句、短句、断句、流水句，按时间和事理顺序排列描写性、限制性部分的位置多作定语，少作谓语多作谓语，少作定语连用数个形容词的顺序越能说明人和事物本质的越靠近名词顺序往往相反定语的位置单词在名词前，短语、从句在名词后，修饰词语较分散单词、词组、小句在名词前，无定语从句，较短的修饰词语较集中，较长的修饰词语较分散状语的位置较灵活，较长的常在句末常在动词前，状语分句常在主句前同位语的位置较长的在名词后，较短的在名词前位置往往相反主、谓、宾（表）的位置有时不靠拢，可被其他较长成分隔开靠拢，不宜相隔太远Homework 5 (Amplification & Omission) They dro

22、ve in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings.他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车，经过一丛丛一丛丛的白桦树和看不到尽头的一排排一排排式样相同的新住宅。Smoking is harmful to the health of people. World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it.吸烟有害健康。世界各国政府各国政府应该认真地开展反对吸烟运动。The fan, with its mode

23、rn, elegant, bright, and harmoniously colored design, is an excellent eletrical household appliance for cooling purposes on hot days.本电扇款式新颖，造型雅致，色彩鲜艳协调/柔和，是炎炎夏日消暑纳凉之家电精品。The crowd was pushing harder. Those in the middle were squeezed against each other so tightly they could not move in any directio

24、n.人群越挤越厉害，夹在当中的人被挤得动弹不得。There are those who think that most people are not particularly interested in analyses of climate conditions, so there must be other reasons for strangers to start conversations by talking about weather.有人认为，大多数人不会对天气状况特别感兴趣，因此，陌生人用谈论天气的方式搭讪一定另有原因。Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.流感病人必须与健康的人隔开，以免疾病传播。The inability to satisfy those expectations will mean increased social tensions, especially where the regim