人教版高中英语必修五知识点练习及答案

1、高中英语新课标必修五unit 1 知识点 Great scientists一、知识点1. Which scie ntist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that heips them float?哪位科学家发现了水里的东西被帮助以浮动的力举起？in water定语，修饰objects, a force之后又跟了个that引导的定语从句。lift up拿起，举起，升起He lift up his little so n, and moun ted him on the horse. 他把小儿子举起来，让他骑在

2、马背上。To call back the boy from a dista nee, the father had to lift up his voice. 为了把儿子从远处叫回来，父亲不得不提高嗓 子喊。2. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from pare nts to their childre n?谁用豌豆显示了身体特征是如何从父母传延到孩子的？A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time witho

3、ut water.骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。with his characteristic enthusiasm 以他特有的热忱The letter passed from one to ano ther un til every one had read it. 那圭寸信逐一传阅，直至 U每个人都看过为止。According to her will, when the old lady dies, her money will pass to her grandson.根据老太太的遗瞩，她去世时，她的钱将遗留给她的孙子。3. Who put forward a theory abou

4、t black holes? 谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？put forward提出建议，拨快（钟等）They put forward some new ideas on the subject.他们对这个问题提出了一些新的见解。put的常用词组有：put aside节省（钱、时间）；储蓄；把放在一边 put away储存（钱）；放好put back拨慢；搁置 put down放下；记下；击败；使（飞机）着陆；put off延期；推迟 put on上演；穿上；戴上 put out熄灭；关掉；扑灭 put through接通电话；完成put up with 忍受；忍耐 put into action

5、/effect/practice 实施；实行4. What do you know about in fectious diseases such as cholera?关于传染病你了解什么，比如霍乱？Colds are infectious, and so are some eye diseases.感冒是传染的,有些眼病也是传染的。It's more useful to learn modern Ianguages, such as English and German. 学习英语和德语等现代语言有用。5. so famous, in deed, that he atte nded

6、 Quee n Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.他的确医术精湛， 因而成为照料维多利亚女皇的私人医生Which doctor is atte ndi ng you? 哪一个医生为你看病 ？attend a meeting lecture出席会议听演讲,听课attend a wedding a funeral参加婚礼葬礼attend school church上学教堂ease用作动词，意思是“减轻；消除；舒缓；放松”，表示消除某人的痛苦时用结构“ease sb. of sth”；也可以用作名词，意为“舒适；自在；不拘束；容易” 。These pi

7、lls will ease the headache.这些药丸会减轻头疼。Walki ng helped to ease him of his pai n.他散了散步减轻了一些痛苦。Her words gave ease to my distracted mind. 我心神不宁，她的话使我宽心。ease作名词时的常见搭配：at ease放松；自如；不拘束 be/feel at ease感到舒适 ill at ease不自在；感到拘束put/set sb. at one' s ease使某人感到舒适、不拘束with ease容易地；无困难地The doctor gave him some

8、 pa in killers to ease the pai n.医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。I don't feel at ease in the stra nge place.在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。6. people exposed to cholera.得了霍乱的老百姓是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰people。相当于定语从句 which were exposed to cholera。expose的意思是“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”的意思。The soil was washed away by th

9、e flood, expos ing bare rock.泥土被洪水冲走，露出光秃秃的石头。The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.婴儿被弃于风雨之中。The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy ' s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。7. the most deadly disease in its day.在当时是最致命的疾病deadly adj.致命的，势不两立的，死一般的，极度的，必定的adv.如死一般地，极度地；非常地Fog is the s

10、ailor's deadly enemy.雾是航海者最致命的敌人。deadly serious.极其严重8. So many thousa nds of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每当（疾病）突发时，总有成千的人 死去。本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当” ，相当于“ when”。另外，此状语从句中还有一个“ there be”结构。类似用法的副词和短语有“ directly （一就）immediately （就），in sta ntly （就），the mi

11、 nute（就） ，the moment （就） ，the second（一就） ，each （every） time （每当），next time （下次时），thelasttime （上次时）等。She went to see him directly she got the letter.她一收到信就去他了。Immediately the meal was over，he switched on the radio.饭一吃完他就把收音机打开。She came to the scene the mome nt she heard of the accide nt她一听说发生了事故，就立刻到

12、现场来了。The last time we talked he said he needed ano ther two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。9. The sec ond suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train，but that you caught the 8.25 train.你没有搭 8 点

13、钟的火车，而是搭的8点25分的车。He suggested going out for a walk.= He suggested that we （should）go out for a walk.他建议出去走走。absorb的意思是“吸收；吸引；使专心；合并；吞并” ，常用be absorbed in sth.表示“专心于某事”。Clever children absorb knowledge easily.聪明孩子容易吸收知识。Aspiri n is quickly absorbed by /i nto the body.阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。He is absorbed in hi

14、s bus in ess.他专心致志的处理业务。be absorbed by被吞并；为所吸收 absorbinto吞并；吸到absorb one' s attention吸弓I某人注意 absorb one' s time占用某人的时间10. the affected person 患者 be affected by heat cold中暑着凉He was deeply affected by my words. 他听了我的话很受感动。11. So whe n ano ther outbreak hit Lon don in 1854, John Snow was ready

15、to test these two theories.因此，在 1854 年伦敦 再次爆发霍乱的时候，约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。be ready to do sth乐于做，准备做We were all hit by the depression.我们都受到了不景气的影响。Price in creases hit everyo ne's pocket.物价上涨冲击了每个人的钱袋。Strike waves hit several Western European countries.罢工的浪潮袭击了好几个西欧国家。12. the cholera outbreak was so seve

16、re that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.霍乱流行得很严重，在10 天 之内就死去了 500多人。severe用作形容词，当它的意思为“严重的；严肃的”时，和serious相近；当它的意思为“严厉的；严格的” 时，与strict相近，常用结构 be severe on（upon）/with sb.表示"对某人严厉或严格”；此外它还有"剧烈的；尖锐 的；朴素的”的意思。The drought is becoming increasingly severe. 旱灾日趋严重。He is severe with his chi

17、ldre n.和对子女很严格。You are too severe on （up on） the boy.你对那个男孩太严厉了。I felt a severe pain in the chest.我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。表示"伤势严重”要用severe,不用serious；但指"疾病严重”时，两者都可与illness连接。She received severe head injuries in the accide nt.在事故中她的头部受了重伤。（此句不可用 serious）I was laid up for six weeks with a severe/serious i

18、llness.由于重病，我卧床六个星期。13. The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线 索。valuable的意思是“贵重的；有很大价值的；有用的；有帮助的”，其名词形式为 value。I have a valuable collectio n of pai ntin g. 我有一批很有价值的画。This book is valuable to /for stude nts of En glish.这本书对学英语的学生很用。valuable, valueless, in

19、 valuable, priceless 与 worthless 的用法区另 U：（1）valuable, priceless, invaluable这三个词意思一样，都表示“贵重的；无价的”的意思。priceless意思为"无价的；价值连城的”，用于加强语气，加深程度等情况；比 valuable的程度更强。in valuable的意思是“无法估价的； 无价的”，不用于形容价值或金钱，而是指质或品质。valueless, worthless这两个词意思一样，表示“无价值的，无用的”的意思，worthless是个常用词，valueless很少用。The jewel is of grea

20、t value, and it is priceless. 这珠宝很有价值，是无价之宝。This ancient gold coin isn ' t just valuable, it ' s priceless.这枚古代金币不仅贵重，而且价值连城。Your advice is in valuable to us.你的建议对我们来说是非常珍贵的。The draw ing is of no value, and it is worthless. 这画没有价值，它没有用。It looked like gold, but in fact it was worthless （value

21、less）.这看起来像金子，其实毫无价值。14. It seemed the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。blame用作动词，意为“责备；责怪；归咎于”的意思。常用结构为blame sb for sth./blame sth on sb （把某事归咎于某人）,be to blame for sth（应受责备；对某坏事应负责任），此句就使用这种结构。Don't blame it on him, but on me. 别怪他，该怪我。They blamed the secretary for the delay of the pla n.他们怪罪秘书造成计划延误

22、。The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. 那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。blame也可用作名词， 意为“责任；责怪”。常见搭配有：bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth.（对某事承担责任）， lay/put the blame for sth on sb （把某事归咎于某人）。We should take the blame for our failure.我们应该承担失败的责任。We shouldn' t lay the blame for our failure on him.我

23、们不应该把失败归咎于他15. look into the source of the water 调查水源 look into 调查，观察16. slow dow n （使）慢下来，放慢速度，减速17. in addition另外加之，此外，可以用在句子开头，可以用于句末。和besides意思相同，但besides不能用在句尾。In addition, there was a crop failure in many provinces. 此外，许多省份粮食歉收。The man worked him sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition. 那

24、人让他每天工作 16 小时，而且还打他。（2）in addition to的意思是“除了外（还有） ”，可用于句首，也可置于句子后部，相当于besides,即art from。In addition to giving him some advice, I gave him thirty dollars.我向他提出忠告，又给了他30 美元。He can get twenty dollars ' extra in come every month in additi on to his salary.除工资外，他每月还可得至 U20 美元的收入。18. be linked to与有关联l

25、ink在此句中用作动词，意为"连接；联系”，常用结构linkto/with意思是"将和连接或联系起来”，link up意为"连接或连接起来”；也可用作名词，意为"环；连接；联系；纽带” 。The highway links Sha nghai to/with Beijin g.这条公路连接上海和北京。A railway links up the two tow ns.这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。Your story links up with his.你所说的和他所说得能联系的起来。A lot of links fitted together form

26、 a chai n.许多链环连在一起组成链条。Old frie nds are a link with the past. 老朋友是连接往事的纽带。(1) join指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，还能分开之意。常用结构jointo, join up。(2) connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持，常表示与技术有关的连接和火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connectwith/to。(3) combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同目的而结合在一起，结合后原来部分可能仍不改变或失其本性，常用结构 combinewith。unite强调紧密地结成一

27、体，含极难分开之意，常用结构unitewith。Please join this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来'。This flight connects with New York one.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一班机。We should combi ne theory with practice. 我们应该理论联系实际。The two big companies plan to unite.两家大公司计划联合起来。19. she had had it delivered from the pump to her house 她派人从水泵打水运到家里

28、。deliver sth. to sb.把某物交付给某人deliver a message带信，传话20. With this extra evide nee, Joh n Snow was able to announce with certai nty that polluted water carried the disease. 有 了这个提别的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。The captain announced that the plane was going to land. 机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。It can be said with cert

29、ai nty that En glish is pretty importa nt nowadays.可以肯定地说，英语在当今社会里相当重要。21. To preve nt this from happe ning aga in, Joh n Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be exam ined andnew methods of deali ng with polluted water be fou nd.为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测并且要找到处理污水的新方法。To prevent为

30、表示目的的不定式短语；prevent(from) doing sth意为"阻止做某事”，其中prevent可与stop,keep互换；suggest表示"建议”的，其宾语从句的谓语用"should +动词原形”，句中的should被省略了。22. The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.自来水公司也接至U指令， 不能在让人们接触被污染的水了。in struct意思为"命令；指示；嘱咐；吩咐；教导(教授知识或技术)；训练”

31、。其名词形式为in structor (教员；教练)和instruction (命令；指示；说明)。The teacher instructed him to start early. 老师命令他早动身rve been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.我得到指示在这儿等到讲课老师到来。He in structs a class in history. 他教授一个班的历史(in struct in )Read the in struct ions on the pocket. 看一下袋子上的说明。辨析 in struct, o

32、rder, dema nd 禾口 direct :in struct指出正确的方式以教导；order意为"命令”； dema nd指强烈地"要求”；direct表示"指示；期望；服从”。23. be similar to 与相似，类似What I am going to say to you would be similar to what you are going to tell me.我想对你说的话， 类似于你想对我说的话.24. conclude用作动词，意为"结束；推论；推断”，常用conclude by doing/with sth.表示&q

33、uot;以而结束” ；concludefrom表示"从推出结论”的意思，to conclude表示"最后”的意思，相当于意思名词短语in conclusion。He con cluded his speech with/by readi ng a poem.他朗诵一首诗结束了他的演讲。What do you con clude from these facts.从这些事实中你得出什么结论？The doctor con eluded that the patie nt's disease was can cer. 医生断定病人患的是癌症。To conclude/in

34、conclusion, I wish you all good health and a long life. 最后，祝大家健康长寿。 draw( arrive at/come to /reach )a conclusion"得出结论”，jump to a conclusion 意为"草率地得出结论”，conclusion后可接that从句。25. con tribute的意思是"捐赠；贡献；投稿；提供”。常用短语con tribute to意思是"有助于；有益于；促成”其名词为contribution意思是"捐献：贡献： 投稿”，常用make

35、 a contribution to/towards，表示"对作贡献”的意思。Everyo ne should con tribute three dollars to the Red Cross.每位工人捐了 3 美元给红十字会。Everyo ne should con tribute what he or she can afford.人人都应该尽自己的能力做贡献。I' ve bee n asked to con tribute an article to the Ian guage magaz ine. 有人请我给那份语言杂志撰篇稿。Fresh air and exer

36、cise con tribute to good health. 新鲜空气和锻炼有益与健康。Does smoking contributed to lung cancer ? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗？He made an outstanding contribution to scienee. 他对科学作出了卓越的贡献。26. apart from 除以外(except for) ； 除外，还有 (besides)Apart from being short, Tom is smart. 除了个子矮了点， Tom 还是挺帅气的。Apart from the cost, it will take a

37、lot of time. 除了花费钱以外，它还需要不少时间。27. 由make构成的词组1) be made up of 组成Two thirds of the earth ' s surface is made up of vast ocean.2) make a bargain with sb : 与某人成交3) make a decision 做出决定We must look ahead before we make a decisi on.4) make a differenee有影响，起(重要)作用5) make a dive for 向猛冲The dog made a di

38、ve for the bone .6) make a face 做鬼脸The stude nt made a face whe n the teacher turned back.7) make a fire 生火8) make a living 谋生He began to make a living by himself when he was ten .9) make a promise 许诺言Father made a promise to buy me a new computer10) make an apology to 向道歉He apologized / made an apo

39、logy to her.11) make for走向，前往They set off by car and made for the nearest town .12) make friends 交朋友13) make it成功，及时达到After hard-working . we made it at last.14) make money 赚钱To make money in the new era, follow the flow of in formati on.15) make one' s way排除困难前进After the film ended we made our

40、way out of cinema .16) make out认出，理解We made out a figure in the darkness .It' s difficult to make out his ideas .17) make progress 进步With the teacher's help , I have made much progress.18) make repairs 修理They are making repairs in that buildi ng19) make room for 给腾地方Would you like to make ro

41、om for the old lady?20) make sure21) make the bed22) make the best of 尽量利用Mother didn ' t enjoy his job , but she made the best of it23) make up组成；化妆；打扮；补充；弥补；编造；捏造Great Brita in and Norther n Irela nd make up the Un ited Kin gdom .It took her more tha n one hour to make up for the partyOur loss

42、es have to be made up with more loa ns.The whole story is made up24) make up for 弥补We must make up for the time wasted before .25) make up one' s mind 下决心I have made up my mi nd to work harder tha n before .26) make use of 利用We should make full use of the books in the library28. all his mathemat

43、ical calculations led to the same conclusion 他所有的数学计算都得出了相同的结论。lead to导致；引向；通往 The road leads to the foot of the hill.这条路通往山脚下。29. Only if you put the sun there did the moments of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有你把太阳放在那儿，天空中其它行星的运动才能说地清楚。以only引导的短语作状语或状语从句放在句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要部分倒装。On ly by wo

44、rki ng hard can we succeed.只有通过努力工作，我们才能取得成功。make sense讲得通；有道理 Your story doesn' t make sense to me. 你编的故事我听不明白。如果想表示某人所说的话或提议，没道理、行不通。我们经常说：It doesn' t make any sense.30. The problem arose because astr ono mers had no ticed that some pla nets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and the

45、n go forward in a loop.问题产生了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动。arise vi出现；发；生起来；站起 That question did not arise.那个问题没有出现。I arose early in the morning.我每天早上起得很早Accide nts arise from careless ness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。arise from 由而引起，由而产生；从中产生arise out of由.而引起,由而产生;从中产生31. Others appeared brighter at ti

46、mes and less bright at others.其它行星有时看上去亮些，有时又不怎么亮。 第一个 others 表示 other planets,第二个 others 表示 other timesat times有时；不时 I do feel a little nervous at times.我有时的确感到有点紧张与time相关的词组at one time意为"一度；过去曾经”，用于一般过去时态；at a time意为"一次；每次；在某个时候” ；at all times 意为"一直； 无论何时”，相当于 at any time; always。32

47、. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete. 于是， 他在 1510至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。work on对起作用；对发生影响；向做工作；使兴奋；左右His work on the cause of the diseases is of premier importance to the whole world.他的病理研究工作对全世界至关重要。33. He also suggeste

48、d that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun 他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本 身还自转，34. His friends were en tusiastic and en couraged him to publish his ideas, but Coper ni cus was cautious.他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的思想公诸于世，而他却小心谨慎。The retired worker is very en thusiastic about n eighbourhood affairs.这个退休工人对里弄工作非常热心。

49、The schoolboys are more cautious not to make any mistakes in spelli ng tha n ever before.男学生们在拼写时比以前更加小心，以避免发生错误。35. Yet Coper nicus'theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the uni verse are built.然而哥白尼的理论去卩是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。36. If you were Nicolaus Coper ni cus, would you have hidde n your

50、 theory for so many years?女口果你是哥白尼， 你会把你的力量掩藏很多年么？37. He has done many years of observati ons to prove his new theory is true.他做了多年的观察工作来证实他的新理论是真的。a man of no observation 没有观察力的人carry out observations 进行观察38. somebody else' s point of view 另U人的观点39. hold discussions 进行讨论40. make choices 做出选择41.

51、 You may argue with them and try to persuade them 你可以和他们争辩并且尽力说服他们。高中英语新课标必修五unit 1练习及参考答案二、练习一）单词拼写1. My computer is infected with som e sort of vand does' t work.2. Afrom a few faults , he is a trustworthy teacher.3. Will you athe weddi ng ceremony tomorrow?4. Be careful. Don ' t eit to th

52、e rain or wind.5. It' s very dan gerous to be eto SARS patie nts without any protect ion.6. Everyone should cwhat he or she can afford to help ing the poor.7. The teacher gave me vadvice on how to lear n En glish well.8. It is you not I am to bfor break ing the win dow.9. The doctor ethe boy and

53、 found there was nothing the matter with him.10. Kindn ess is one of the prime mini ster's（特征）.11. He became（狂热的）about classical music.12. You should not rthe in vitati on from your old friend.13. Be cwhe n you cross the street.14. He finished his work in a（ 积极的）way.15. Water and salt are（吸收）int

54、o our blood stream everyday.二）英汉互译1. The soil was washed away by the flood, expos ing bare rock.2. 我们得研究一下罢工的原因.3. From his appeara nee we may con clud that he is a heavy smoker。4. 那次交通事故不应该责怪司机5. 我们的英语老师对我们要求严格。6. 感冒是传染的，有些眼病也是传染的。7. We must take a scie ntific approach to the problem.8. 只有通过努力工作，我们

55、才能取得成功。9. Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.10. 我想对你说的话，类似于你想对我说的话三）单项选择1. The buildi ngin our school is for our teachers, though there is no ise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A built B hav ing bee n built C to be builtD bei ng built2. The old man,abroad for 20

56、years, is on the way back to his mother land.A to work B worki ng C to have worked D hav ing worked3. Who are these people with bann ers? -A groupitself the league for Peace.A calli ng B called C calls D is called4. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hoursa look at th

57、e sports stars.A had B having C to have D have5. The meeti ngtomorrow will be of great importa nee. All of us should atte nd it.A held B to be held C bei ng held D is goi ng to be held6. You must do everythi ngyou.A as; are told to B as; are told B like; are told D whe n ; are told7. The purpose of

58、tech no logy is to make things easier ,them more difficult.A not make B not to make C making notD do not make8. The mother did not knowto blame for the broke n glass as it happe ned while she was out.A whoB whe n C howD what9. A man is questi oned in relatio n to themurder last ni ght.A advisedB atte n