沪教八年级英语上册知识点整理

1、沪教版八年级英语上册知识点整理U1P11:辅音字母加y结尾的可数名词，y改i加es转换复数(转复数)hobby-hobbies(转复数)library-libraries(转复数)story-stories元音字母加y结尾的可数名词，直接加s(转复数)boy-boys(转复数)toy-toys(转复数)monkey-monkeys2:以o结尾无生命，复数加s(转复数)photo-photos(转复数)radio-radios(转复数)kilo-kilos以o结尾有生命，复数加es(转复数)tomato-tomatoes(转复数)potato-potatoes(转复数)hero-heroes3:

2、打招呼,问候(v)：greet招呼,问候(n)：greeting4:发动机,引擎(n)：engine工程师(n)：engineer例句：我的理想是成为一名工程师。My ambition is to be an engineer5:拥有(v)：own拥有者(n)：owner例句：杰克拥有一辆汽车。Jack owns a car例句：他是这辆车的拥有者。He is the owner of the car6:物理(n)：physics物理的(adj)：physical短语：物理的变化。a physical change短语：体育（全称）。physical education短语：物理老师。phys

3、ics teacher短语：教我们物理。teach us physics7:签名(v)：sign签名(n)：signature8:n（变成adj）：加y变adj（变adj）rain-rainy（变adj）sun-sunny（变adj）cloud-cloudy（变adj）wind-windy（变adj）snow-snowy（变adj）fog-foggy（变adj）friend-friendly（变adj）love-lovely9:可能的(adj)：probable可能,大概(adv)：probably可能的(adj)：possible可能,大概(adv)：possiblyadj-adv（第一种方

4、法）：直接加lyadj-adv（第一种方法）：变y为i再加lyadj-adv（第一种方法）：le去e再加y（变adv）polite-politely（变adv）quick-quickly（变adv）happy-happliy（变adv）terrible-terribly（变adv）possible-possibly（变adv）probable-probably（变adv）heavy-heavily（变adv）gentle-gently10:高的(adj)：high高度(n)：height称重(v)：weigh重量(n)：weight长的(adj)：long长度(n)：length有力的(adj

5、)：strong力量(n)：strength宽的(adj)：wide宽度(n)：widthU1P21:喜欢做某事（3个动词）：like/love/enjoy doing sth变成doing形式（第一点）：加ing变成doing形式（第二点）：去不发音e加ing变成doing形式（第三点）：（辅元辅）双写结尾字母加ing（变doing）ski-skiing（变doing）dance-dancing（变doing）write-writing（变doing）swim-swimming（变doing）run-runing（变doing）shop-shopping2:喜欢做某事（第一种形式）：be k

6、een on喜欢做某事（第二种形式）：be interested in doing sth喜欢做某事（第三种形式）：be fond of3:想要做某事（would形式）：would like to do sth想要做某事（want形式）：want to do sth.+名字：call sb +名称例句：叫我Jon：call me Jon打电话给某人（第一种形式）：call sb打电话给某人（第一种形式）：phone sb打电话给某人（第一种形式）：ring sb被叫作：sb called +名称例句：一个被叫做Jon的男孩。A boy called Jon短语：号召某人做某事。call on

7、sb to do sth例句：我们新班级的老师总是号召我们为了更好的将来而更努力地学习。Our new class teacher always calls on us to work harder for a better future9:返回（两种）：come back = return10:play后加（第一种形式）：play +球类运动play后加（第二种形式）：play chessplay后加（第三种形式）：play +the +乐器钢琴：piano小提琴：violin吉他：guitar11:在上学：at school在工作：at work在读大学：at university12:希

8、望做某事：hope to do sth希望某人将/能做某事：hope (that) sb will/can do sth例句：我希望你将尽快给我写信。I hope you will write to me soon.13:告诉某人关于某人/某物：tell sb about sb / sth例句：告诉我父母关于我的校园生活。Tell my parents my school life14:与某人共用/分享某物。share sth with sb例句：与我们分享幸福。Share happiness with us15:写信给某人：write (a letter) to sb收到某人来信（两种）：r

9、eceive/get a letter from sb = hear from sb16:在.期间(prep)：during短语：在暑假期间。during summer holidays短语：在我停留在上海期间。during my stay in Shanghai17:可能,大概(adv)（两种）（用于句首）：maybe = perhaps.中间：in the middle of在.中心：in the centre of在.东边：in the east of在.西边：in the west of在.南边：in the south of在.北边：in the north of在.右边：on th

10、e right of在.左边：on the left of在.（外部）的前面：in front of在.（内部）的前面：in the front of例句：教室前面有很多树。There are many trees in front of the classroom例句：教室里的前面有一个讲台。There is a teaching desk in the front of the classroom19:离.近（两种）：be close to = near附近的(adj)：nearby附近的(adv)：nearby例句：我妈妈在附近的一所学校工作。My mum works in a near

11、by school例句：我妈妈工作在一所学校附近。My mun works in a school nearby20:从A到B：from A to BCan I try them on?take off的两种含义：脱下/飞机起飞3:超过（两种）：over = more than.之前：before + n在.之后：after + n在上课/上学/工作/早餐之前/之后：before/after class/school/work/breakfast在做某事之前：before doing在做某事之后：after doing例句：你必须在你吃饭之前洗手：you must wash your hand

12、s before eating例句：你可以在做完作业之后看电视：you can watch TV after finishing your homeword.的高度：the height of16:序数词用法（第一种）：the + 序数词 + 名词单数序数词用法（第二种）：one's + 序数词 + 名词单数短语：第一节课：the first lesson短语：第5节楼梯：the fifth floor短语：我第20个生日：my twenieth birthday短语：我第二次：my second time17:有用的(adj)：useful无用的(adj)：useless用某物做某事

13、（两种）：use sth to do sth = use for doing sth例句：我们用木头做纸张（两种）：we use wood to make paper = we use wood for making paper过去常常做某事：used to do sthused to do sth转换疑问句：Did.use to do例句：我爸爸过去经常吸很多烟,但是现在他戒烟了习惯于,适应于做某事：be used to doing sth例句：Tom以前习惯于坐车去学校，现在他习惯于走路去学校。Tom used to go to school by bus,but now he is us

14、ed to walkng to school利用(v)：use再利用(v)：reuse短语：再利用购物袋/：reuse shoppng bads/water利用某物：make use of sth好好/充分利用时间：make good/full use of time18:a friend of后加（第一种）：名物代a friend of后加（第二种）：'s所有格19:犯错误：make mistake犯相同的错误：make the same mistake为他的儿子在考试不及格。Mr Green looked angry。Because his son failed the exam例

15、句：Green先生很生气地看着他的儿子，因为他考试不及格。Mr Green angrily looked at his he failed the examU1P91:情态动词加do sth2:必须做某事：must do sth禁止/不准做某事：must't do sth3:应该(不)做某事：should (not) do sth最好(不)做某事：had better (not) do sth4:(不)会做某事：can (not) do sth5:肯定（有确定的依据）：must例句：这本书肯定属于Alice,因为在封面上有她的名字：The book must belong to Ali

16、ce because their is her name on her cover（有确定的依据）不可能：can't例句：Tom出差去美国，他现在不可能在家可能/不确定（三种）：may/might/not sure例句：Alice可能去参加宴会了，但是我不能确定：Alice may come to the party,but I'm not sure.6:语言：A：我能问你一个问题吗？May I ask you a question?语言：A：我今天必须完成作业吗？Must I finish the homework now?语言：B：是的,你必须完成。Yes,you must

17、语言：B：不,你不必。（两种）No,you needn't/don't have to7:语言：A：要来一些咖啡吗？Would you like some coffee?语言：B：好的,请/不了,谢谢。Yes,please/no,thanks语言：A：你可以和我共进晚餐吗？Would you like to have dinner with me?语言：B：可以,我很喜欢/我很乐意,但是我要为考试作准备。I'd love to,but I have to prepare for the test8:语言：A：你可以告诉我怎么去某地吗？Can/Could you tell

18、 me how I can get to sp?语言：B：对不起,我刚刚来这，你可以问这里的一个警察。Sorry,I'm new can ask the policeman over there9:语言：A：你可以帮我一个忙吗？Can/Could you do me a favour?语言：B：乐于效劳：With pleasure10:语言：A：需要我帮助吗？Can I help you?语言：B：谢谢,你真是太好了。Thank you,It's nice of you.语言：B：不,谢谢。我自己可以管理好。No thanks,But I can manage/I'm

19、OK.U1P101:如此.以至于（两种）：So + adj/adv + that + 肯定句 = adj/adv + enough to do sth例句：Tom起的这么早以至于他可以坐很早的公交车。（过去时，两种）Tom got up so early that he cought the early bus = Tom got up early enough to cought the early bus太.以至于不能.（三种）：so + adj + adv + that + 否定句 = too + adj/adv + to do sth = not + adj/adv + enough

20、+ to do sth例句：Kitty太年轻以至于不能照顾自己（三种）：Kitty is so young that she can't look after herself = Kitty is too young to look after herself = Kitty isn't old enough to look after herself.（表目的，两种）：so that = in order that + 句子以便为了做某事（两种）：so as to do sth = in order to do sth为了不做某事（两种）：so as not to do st

21、h = in order not to do sth例句：Tom起的非常早.他能坐到较早的公交车（三种）：Tom get up very could catch the early bus = Tom get up very early so that he could catch the early bus = Tom got up very early in order to catch the early bus.对某人来说是.的：It's + adj + for sb + to do sth做.对某人来说是.的（感叹句）：How + adj + it is for sb to

22、do sth例句：在凉爽的天气里去野餐对我们来说是很愉快的。It is very pleasent for us to have picnic on cool days例句：在凉爽的天气里去野餐对我们来说是很愉快的。（感叹句）How pleasant it is for us to have a picnic on cool days.两者都：both of例句：他们都从德国来：Both of them are from Germany例句：我的父母都是老师：Both of my parents are teachers在路的任意一边：on either side of the road在路的

23、两边：on both sides of the road4:A,B两者没有一个是：neither A nor B例句：Kitty和Alice没有一个是从德国来的。Neither Alice nor Kitty is from Germany.as/so + adj + as BA不如B：A.not as/so + adj + as Bas.as中用：原级例句：Alice和kitty的年龄一样。Alice is as old as Kitty例句：Alice不如kitty高。Kitty比Alice高。Alice isn't as tall as is taller than Alice.

24、3:adj比较级规则变化（第一种）：加er 加estadj比较级规则变化（第二种）：以e结尾直接加r 加stadj比较级规则变化（第三种）：y变i+er y变i+estadj比较级规则变化（第四种）：辅元辅结尾双写+er/estadj比较级规则变化（第五种）：多音节和部分双音节adj前加more/most.the + 比较级短语：更多更好：The more,the better例句：你更认真的话你犯的错就越少。The more careful you are the fewer mistake you will make8:比较级常见的信号词：than/A or B/between/much/

25、far/even + adj/adv最高级常见信号词（8种）：前有the后有范围/one of + the + adj最高级 + 可数名词的范围/the + 序数词 + adj最高级 + 单数名词 + 范围/A,B or C/among/of allU1P131:让/使某人做某事：make/let sb do sth最好不做某事：had better (not) do sth（不）应该做某事：should (not) do sth必须/不准做某事：must (not) do sth不必做某事：needn't do sth比起做某事，宁愿做某事：would rather do sth t

26、han do sth建议句型中的do sth：shall we do sth/let's do sth/why not do sth/why don't you/we do sth建议某人做某事：suggest (that) sb (should) do sth2:要求/请示某人（不）要做某事：ask sb (not) to do sth告诉某人（不）要做某事：tell sb (not) to do sth决定（不）要做某事：decide (not) to do sth想要某人做某事（两种）：would like (sb) to do sth = want (sb) to do

27、 sth动词 + 疑问词 + to do做某事对谁来说是怎么样的（两种）：it's + adj + (for sb) + to do sth/it's + n + for sb + to do sth能够做某事：be able to do sth到做某事的时间：it's time to do sth做某事对某人来说太怎样了（两种）：too + adj/adv + (for sb) + to do = adj/adv enough + to do邀请某人做某事：invite sb to do sth准许某人做某事：allow sb to do sth希望做某事（两种）：h

28、ope/wish to do sth鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb to do sth期待（某人）做某事：expect (sb) to do sth3:练习做某事：pratise doing sth完成某事：finish doing sth喜欢做某事：enjoy/love/like doing sth持续做某事：keep doing sth保持某人做某事：keep sb doing sth介意做某事：mind doing sth做某事怎么样：How/What about doing sth忙于某事：be busy doing sth看见/观赏/听见/提醒某人做某事：see/watch

29、/hear/notice sb doing sth感谢某人做某事：thank sb for doing sth放弃做某事：give up doing sth做某事：go doing sth某人花费多少时间做某事：人 + spend + 疑问词/段时间 + (in) doing sth做一些：do some ving与其A不如B：prefer doing to doing4:忘记要做某事：forget to do sth忘记做过某事：forget doing sth例句：不要忘记在你离开之前关掉灯：Don't forget to turn off the lights before yo

30、u leave例句：我永远不会忘记看过这部精彩的电影：I will never forget seeing the wonderful film记得要做某事：remember to do sth记得做过某事：remember doing sth停下做另一件事：stop to do sth停止正在做的事：stop doing sth例句：Kitty在她做完作业之后停止了去休息。Kitty stopped to have a rest after finishing her homework例句：当老师进教室时学生停止了讲话。Students stopped talking when the te

31、acher entered the classroomU1P141:争吵(v)：argue争吵(n)：argument短语：我们听见了一场大争吵。we heard a big argument2:担忧(v)：worry担忧的(adj)：worried短语：这个男人看起来很担忧。The man looked worried短语：不要担忧：Don't worry例句：不要担心你的女儿，她已经足够大到能照顾她自己了。Don't worry about your is old enough to take care of herself3:小偷(n)：thief小偷复数(n)：thie

32、ves偷窃案(n)：theft短语：报告一个偷窃案：report a theft4:陌生的/古怪的(adj)：strange陌生人(adj)：stranger5：十分，很，非常(adv)：quite例句：kitty非常聪明。Kitty is quite clever例句：她跑得很快。she runs quite quickly安静的(adj)：quiet安静地(adj)：quietly短语：保持安静：keep quiet短语：对女人们轻轻地说话：said quietly to the women6:忽然(adj)：sudden忽然(adv)：suddenly忽然（两种）：suddenly =

33、all of a sudden7:人群(n)/挤满了人(v)：crowd拥挤的(adj)：crowded被。充满：be crowded with8:通常的(adj)：usual不寻常的(adj)：unusual.deal with = what. do with15:（横）穿过：across短语：横穿马路：walk across the road（内部）穿过：through短语：从人群内部穿过：go through the crowd16:匆忙（短语）：in a hurry例句：快一点！只有一点时间了。hurry up!There is little time left不要那么赶：don

34、9;t hurry例句：不要那么赶，还有一点时间。Don't is still a little time left匆忙去某地（两种）：hurry to sp = go to sp in a hurry匆忙离开：hurry off匆忙（原形过去式过去分词）：hurry-hurried-hurried17:拨打号码：dial + 号码【重点】18:上船/飞机：get aboard【重点】出国：go abroad19:采摘花果：pick拿起捡起某物：pick sth up中途接某人：pick sb up挑选出：pick out20:报告偷窃案：report the theft报告抢劫案：r

35、eport the robbery21:意识到,发觉（两种）：realize = notice使.成真（两种）：realize one's dream = make one's dream come true22:尾随某人：follow sb接受采纳某人的劝告（两种）：follow one's advice = take one's advice下列的：the following学习某人的榜样：follow one's example23:打架,战斗（原形过去式过去分词）：fight-fought-fought与某人打架：fight for sb为自由而

36、战：fight for freedom与污染作斗争：fight against pollution24:海关/风格习惯：customs顾客(n)：customer25:拿（原形过去式过去分词）：hold-held-held开会（两种）：hold a meeting = have a meeting抓着某物：hold sth例句：这个公交车可以乘60人：The bus can hold 60 people拿出，送出：hold out26:展示某物给某人看（两种）：show sb sth = show sth to sb展示给某人看如何做某事：show sb how to do sth炫耀某物：s

37、how off sth例句：风先生喜欢炫耀自己的力量：Mr wind like showing off his strength带领某人参观某地：show sb around (sp).listen,. ,now.yesterday afternoon【重点】当.时某人正在干什么：过去进行时 + when sb + 短暂动词的过去式例句：当他的父母进入他的房间时tom正在玩电脑游戏：Tom was playing computer games when his parents entered his room.say 强调说话内容say+：直接引语或间接引语例句：tom说：“我下个星期会去上海

38、。”：Tom said " I will go to Shanghai next week"例句：tom说他下个星期会去上海：Tom said he would go to Shanghai next week3:讲话（原形-过去式-过去分词）：speak-spoke-spokenspeak+：语言speak强调：发言讲话say强调：内容例句：谁将会在会上发言：Who will speak at the meeting?例句：你要在会议上说什么吗？What will you say at the meeting?发言(v)：speak演讲(n)：speech作演讲（两个动词

39、）：make/give a speech4:对.讲话（原形-过去式-过去分词）：talk-talked-talked和某人交谈：talk with sb谈论有关某事：talk about sth和某人谈论某事：talk about sth with sbtalk to sb强调：说话者和某人对话5:带来（原形-过去式-过去分词）：bring-brought-brought带来给某人某物：bring sb sth = bring sth to sb6:带去（原形-过去式-过去分词）：take-took-taken带某人/物去某地：take sb/sth to sp某人随身带某物：take sth

40、 with sb例句：今天下午可能会下雨，请你随身带一把伞。It will rain this afternoon,please take an umbrella with you7:搬运（重物）（原形-过去式-过去分词）：carry-carried-carried8:去取：fetch9:花（钱）：spend-spent-spent某人在某物上花钱：人 + spend + 钱 + on 物某人花段时间做某事：人 + spend + 段时间 + (in) doing sth10:付钱（原形-过去式-过去分词）：pay-paid-paid某人为某物付钱：人 + pay + 钱 + for + 物关

41、注某人/物：pay attention to sb/sth去某地参观：pay a visit to sp11:花费（原形-过去式-过去分词）：cost-cost-cost某物花费某人多少钱：物 + cost sb + 钱某物值多少钱：物 + cost + 钱12:做某事花费某人多少时间：It takes/took sb + 段时间 + to do sth13:短语：为这本书付了20元：spent 20 yuan on the book她为了买这本书付了20元：she spent 20 yuan buying the book她为这本书付了20元：she paid 20 yuan for the

42、 book这本书花了她20yuan：The book cost her 20 yuan例句：他花了2个小时完成了他的工作：He spent 2 hours finishing his work例句：完成他的工作花费了他2个小时：It took hom 2 hours to finish his work14:穿上：put on穿着：wear试穿：try on给某人穿衣服：dress sb15:到达某地（四种）：reach sp = get to sp = arrive at sp = arrive in sp16:寻找：look for找到：find弄清楚/查明白：find outU1P211

43、:another两种用法：another+单数n/another + 基数词 + 可数n复2:一者.另一者：one.the otherone.the other用于（两种）：前有说明两者/未说明默认为两者【重点】在另一只手上（两种）：in one's other hand = in the other hand3:较大范围内列举两种：somw.others列举三种：some.some.others4:其他人/物（两种）：others = other + 可数名词复数短语：乐于助人：be ready to help others5:剩余的人/物（两种）：the others = the

44、rest例句：这里有10个学生在公园，一些造读书一些在钓鱼：There are 10 students in the are reading ,the others are fishing.例句：这里有5个学生在教室，两个在读书，其它的在做他们的家作。There are 5 students in the are reading,the others are doing their homework.例句：这里有5个学生在教室，两个在读书，其它的三个学生在做他们的家作。There are 5 students in the are reading,the other threestudents

45、aredoingtheirhomework6:anyother后加：单数n例句：Tom是我们班最高的人（两种形式）：Tom is the tallest boy in our class = Tom is tyaller than any other boy in our class7:互相帮助（两种）：help each other = help one anotherU1P22nglish makes it possible for me to talk with foreigners7:几乎，将近（两种）：nearly = almost8:against两种意思：反对/与.相比9:把A放

46、入B：add A to B10:把整体分为若干部分：divide 整体 in to 若干部分11:A加B（动词形式）：add A and BA减B（动词形式）：subtract B from AA乘B（动词形式）：multiply A by BA除于B（动词形式）：divide A by BA加B（介词形式）：A plus BA减B（介词形式）：A minus BA乘B（介词形式）：A multiplied by BA除于B（介词形式）：A dieided by B12:像闪电一般快速地（两种）：in a flash = like lightingU1P26：die of死的(adj)：dea

47、d死亡(n)：death某人的死亡（两种）：the death of sb = sb's death例句：他的死亡使我们很伤心。his death made us very sad6:凶猛的(adj)：fierce凶猛的比较级：fiercer最凶猛的：fiercest凶猛地(adv)：fiercely7:温和的(adj)：gentle温和地(adv)：gently8:认为(v-过去式-过去分词)：think-thought-thought思考者(n)：thinker思想(n)：thought9:创造(v-过去式-过去分词)：create-created-created.了解很多：kno

48、w much about对.了解很少：know little about11：遗留：leave behind落下，抛于脑后：leave sth behind扔垃圾：leave rubbish例句：不要乱扔垃圾：Don't leave rubbishleave（原形变过去式过去分词）：leave-left-left短语：离校：leave school12:在地球上：on the Earth在世界上：in the world13:by的三种用法：by sb/sth / by + 工具 / by sp14:进修：further study15:be born +（四种）：in + sp/in

49、 + 年份月份季节/on + 具体某天/at + 几点钟16:导致,引起(v-过去式-过去分词)：cause-caused-caused导致某事：cause + sth致癌：cause rancer导致某人做某事：cause sb to do sth17:尽可能/尽某人可能：as + adj/adv + as possible = as + . + as sb can/could例句：我会尽快打电话给你：I will call you as soon as possible尽可能(n形式)：as + adj + n + as possible / sb can/could18:看见某人做某事：

50、see sb doing sth19:while + ：进行/延续20:游乐场：an amusement park迪士尼乐园：disneyland21:老鼠（v-复数）：mouse-mice22:病/疾病(n)：disease心脏病：heart disease生病：illness23:政府(n)：the goverment例句：政府告诉渔民当天气不好的时候不要捕鱼：The goverment tells the fishman not to go fishing when the weather is bad24:尽管（2种）：altough = though + 句子although和什么不能同时出现在句中：butalthough可以和什么同时出现在句中：still例句：虽然他已经超过60岁，他仍然看起来强壮健康。：Although he is over 60,he ill looks strong and healthy = he is over 60,but he still looks strong and healthy.近（两种）：close to = near接近.靠近（两种）