新人教版英语选择性必修三导学案 UNIT 3Section Ⅰ

1、新教材英语选择性必修第三册人教版UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION1.global climate change/warming 全球气候变化/变暖2air/water pollution 空气/水污染3emphasize environmental protection 强调环境保护4air quality 空气质量5red alert 红色预警6be full of traffic 交通拥挤7a vast area of forest 莽莽苍苍的森林8public transportation 公共交通9reduce our carbon footprint 减少

2、我们的碳足迹10Earths atmosphere 地球大气11fresh air 新鲜空气12greenhouse gases 温室气体13forest fires 森林火灾14prevent the deserts from spreading 阻止沙漠扩大15environmentfriendly agriculture 生态农业16water/limited resources 水/有限的资源17the disappearance of rare animals 珍稀动物的消失18the number of wild animals 野生动物的数量19forest coverage r

3、ate 森林覆盖率20without mercy 毫不留情地21take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事22soil and water conservation 水土保持23at all costs 不惜任何代价24damage to the environment 对环境的破坏25recycled materials 可回收的材料26green policies 环保政策27cherish the source of nature 珍惜自然之源28a carpet of green grass 绿草如茵29a tourist attraction 旅游胜地30the

4、beauty of nature 大自然的美31water shortage 水资源短缺32improve the present situation 改善目前的状况33get/become worse and worse 变得越来越糟34a rubbish dump/heap/tip 垃圾场/堆/倾倒处35take the responsibility 承担责任36waste time/food/energy 浪费时间/食物/能源 37develop renewable energy 开发可再生能源38garbage collection 垃圾收集39the destruction of w

5、ildlife habitat 野生动植物栖息地的破坏40emission controls 排放控制41industrial chemicals 工业化学品42an enormous challenge 巨大的挑战43nuclear fuels 核燃料44garbage sorting/classification 垃圾分类45onthespot fine 当场处罚46make joint efforts 共同努力47throw away 丢弃48in the long run 从长远看49save water/energy 节约水/能源50carbon emission 碳排放51on a

6、 large scale 大规模地52keep the balance of ecosystem 保持生态平衡53reduce the use of single served chopsticks 减少使用一次性筷子54radiation sickness 放射病55preserve endangered species 保护濒危物种Section Reading and ThinkingCLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLDS ATTENTION气候变化需要全世界的关注We have known about climate change for decades.

7、我们几十年前就知道气候变化了。 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.海洋和大气的变暖以及冰川的融化和海平面的上升为全球气候的急剧变化提供了证据。词句自测graph

8、n. 图；图表；曲线图emission n. 排放物；散发物；排放melt vi.& vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norways Arctic island of Svalbard.2013年，在挪威北极斯瓦尔巴特群岛发现的一只北极熊尸体的新闻照片让很多人震惊。According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of t

9、he polar bear was “skin and bones”据发现它尸体的科学家所说，这只北极熊只剩下了“皮和骨头”。An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.一位多年研究北极熊的专家认为，从它尸体的位置上看，这只熊似乎是由于饥饿导致了死亡。词句自测starve vi.& vt. (使)挨饿；饿死 “主(An expert)谓(said)宾语从句(

10、that . died)”。who has studied polar bears for many years为定语从句，修饰先行词expert；宾语从句结构“主(the bear)谓(appeared)宾(to have starved and died)”，from the position . body在句中作状语。Experts claimed that low seaice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greate

11、r distances in order to find food.专家称，气候变化导致的低海冰水位意味着这只北极熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹，所以它必须长途跋涉才能找到食物。 This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earths ecology.这一惊人发现显示了气温升高对地球生态的影响。词句自测seal n. 海豹ecology n. 生态；生态学Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temper

12、ature?那么是什么导致了全球表面平均温度的上升呢？Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “manmade” greenhouse effect.气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两个共同的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。The “natural” greenhouse effect

13、 refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earths surface as shortwave radiation.“自然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气中并以短波辐射的形式使地球表面变暖。The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.而热量再以较长波长释放回太空。词句自测release vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as

14、methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earths climate warm and habitable.大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，会吸收其中一些热量，使地球气候保持温暖和适宜居住。Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.如果没有这个过程，地球无法维持生命。However, the “manmade” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.然而，“人为”温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题。Wh

15、en people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earths surface temperature to rise quickly.当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，造成地球表面温度迅速上升。词句自测methane n. 甲烷；沼气carbon n. 碳dioxide n. 二氧化物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳habi

16、table adj. 适合居住的 sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住fossil n. 化石fuel n. 燃料；刺激性言行fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油) “主(Greenhouse . atmosphere)谓(trap)宾(heat)”。such as methane and carbon dioxide是Greenhouse gases的同位语；现在分词短语keeping Earths climate warm and habitable是结果状语。There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise i

17、n temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.有充分且全面的证据表明，气温的上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成严重破坏，而且夺去人的生命。 Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming tren

18、d will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，全球变暖的趋势很可能会继续下去并且(人们)会付出更高的代价。In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.事实上，新闻报道中经常播送造成死亡和经济损失的暴风雨和热浪。词句自测comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；详

19、尽的worldwide adv. 遍及全球地adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向frequently adv. 频繁地；经常broadcast vt.& vi. 播送；广播；传播n. 广播节目；电视节目 “谓语(There is)主语(strong and comprehensive evidence)”。本句是一种倒装句型。that the rise . human lives是同位语从句。从句中in extreme . worldwide是an increase 的后置定语；not only causing serious damage, but also

20、costing human lives是not only . but also . 连接的两个并列的现在分词短语，作结果状语。Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and longlasting changes to the global climate.持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和长期变化。This requires the attention of people all over the world.这需要全世界人民的关注。Governments need to consider

21、making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.各国政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体排放。词句自测policy n. 政策；方针；原则We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.作为个人，我们也可以通过限制我们生活方式产生的二氧化

22、碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。 It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.抓住每一个机会让每个人认识到全球变暖及其原因和影响，是我们的责任。因为这是影响我们地球上所有人的最严重的问题。So what will you do to hel

23、p?那么你会怎样做？词句自测footprint n. 足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制“主句(It is . impacts)原因状语从句(because this is . planet)”。主句的结构为 “主(It)系(is)表(our responsibility)”。it为形式主语，不定式短语to seize every . 是真正的主语；原因状语从句的结构为“主(this)系(is)表(the most serious issue)”，affecting all of us on this planet是t

24、he most serious issue的后置定语。1There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).(教材P26)毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。剖析There is little doubt that是固定句式，意为“毫无疑问”，其中that引导同位语从句。通常doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句，一般不用if替换whether。归纳拓展There is no doubt that runn

25、ing does good to our health.毫无疑问，跑步对健康有好处。He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try.他不能肯定他们是否会再给他一次机会试一试。I must say his honesty is beyond doubt.我必须说他的诚实不容怀疑。In a word, we make no doubt of your perfectness in mind and body.总而言之，我们对你身心十分健全毫不怀疑。This new information does

26、 throw doubt on their choice.这个新消息确实让人对他们的选择产生怀疑。(1)单句语法填空We have some doubt _ they can complete the task on time. There can be no doubt _ you will succeed in your scientific research.There is no doubt _ those two facts.答案：whetherthatabout(2)单句表达我们不知道下一步要做什么。We are _ what to do next.在他看来，这个人无疑是认真的。_

27、 in his mind that the man was serious.答案：in doubt (about)There was no doubt2melt vi.& vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化(教材P26)归纳拓展情景助记They melted down the silver cups.他们把那些银质杯子熔化开了。The youths dispersed and melted into the darkness.年轻人们散了，消失在夜色中。The ice hotels melt away when spring arrives. 春天来临时，冰旅馆融化了。The melting ic

28、e caused a rise in sea level. 冰川消融造成海平面上升。(1)单句语法填空Then they were gone, melting _ the jungle blackness. The valley is continuously watered by the _ (melt) snow from the mountains.The morning fog usually melts _ as the sun rises.答案：intomeltingaway(2)单句表达一摞金砖回炉后铸成了金币。A pile of gold bricks _ to be made

29、 into coins.雪融河涨。The river has swollen with _答案：were melted downmelted snow3starve vi.& vt. (使)挨饿；饿死(教材P26)归纳拓展These people will starve to death unless they receive help soon.除非马上得到援助，不然这些人很快就会饿死。They tried to starve our soldiers out.他们企图以饥饿使我们的战士屈服。They starve for the experience of practical work.他

30、们迫切需要实际工作的经验。Some people faced starvation and many people were homeless. 有些人面临饥饿，很多人无家可归。(1)单句语法填空Machines then become starved _ oxygen and are unable to function properly.Are there any other better ways of starving the enemy _？It was many years ago that the Chinese people totally got rid of _ (star

31、ve).答案：foroutstarvation(2)单句表达他宁可饿死也不求饶。He would rather _ than beg for his life.答案：starve to death4release vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布(教材P27)归纳拓展情景助记The patient asked the doctor to give him something that would release him from his pain.病人要求医生给他一点止痛药物。Our therapeutic style offers release from stored tensions a

32、nd grief.我们的治疗方法意在解除蓄积的压力和悲痛。Huawei has postponed the release of its new product. 华为已经推迟了新产品的发布。(1)单句语法填空She can expect an early release _ prison.Release _ the heat of the sun is believed to be able to change the air pressure.答案：fromof(2)单句表达消防员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。Firefighters took two hours to _ the

33、 driver _ the wreckage.答案：release; from5Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.(教材P27)如果没有这个过程，地球无法维持生命。部析without引导的含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。归纳拓展Without the support of my parents I would have probably cracked up completely. But I managed to hang on.假如没有我父母的支持，我可

34、能已经彻底垮掉了。但我还是坚持了下来。(without 暗示了条件) But for you, they might have given us the slip.要不是你，我们可能已经被他们甩掉了。(but for 暗示了条件) Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。(现在分词作条件状语，暗示条件：If we had known in time) Time permitting, I would come to see you.如果时间允许，我会来看你的。(Time pe

35、rmitting在此是独立主格结构，相当于条件从句If time permits) (1)单句语法填空I was too busy at that time, otherwise, I _ (call) you.But for your help, I _ (fail) in my business.答案：would have calledmight have failed (2)单句表达没有广泛的群众支持，我们不可能取得抗击新冠肺炎疫情的胜利。Without popular support from the masses, we _ the war against COVID19.答案：wo

36、uld not have won6trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向(教材P27)归纳拓展情景助记It is impossible to reverse the trend of history.历史潮流不可逆转。This design represents a major new trend in modern art.这种设计反映了现代艺术的一种主要的新趋势。He was trying to be really cool and trendy.他总想变得又酷又时髦。(1)单句语法填空You seem to have set _ new trend.The creative industry

37、 is a new trend _ industry development.Western influences mean they usually have a _ (trend) lifestyle.答案：a/theintrendy(2)单句表达逆历史潮流而动的人终将被人民所唾弃。Those who go against _ will be cast aside by the people.如今通过社交媒体分享生活细节已经成为潮流。Nowadays _ to share each detail of your life on social media.答案：the trend of hi

38、storyits trendy/its a trend7broadcast vt.& vi. 播送；广播；传播n. 广播节目；电视节目(教材P27)归纳拓展情景助记These same pictures were broadcast to millions of people on their televisions at home. 这些同样的画面通过电视机向千家万户播放。The announcement was broadcast on radio and television.通知已在广播和电视上发布。The concert will be broadcast live by the B

39、BC.这场音乐会将由英国广播公司进行现场直播。The full details will be given to you in a worldwide broadcast. 全部的细节将会以全球广播的方式告知你们。(1)单句语法填空The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games was broadcast live _ the whole world.The presidents speech was broadcast _ television and the Internet.答案：toon(2)单句表达第一届春晚直播时，电视机在国内还是件奢侈品。The

40、 first CCTV gala _ at a time when it was considered a luxury to have a TV in China.答案：was broadcast live8restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚(教材P27)归纳拓展情景助记We restrict the number of students per class to 50.我们将每个班的学生人数限定为50人。I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day. 我限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。The state will adopt a more re

41、strictive policy on arms sales.这个州将对武器销售采取一项更具约束性的政策。单句语法填空The _ (restrict) of travel activities is needed to prevent the virus from spreading. Speed is restricted _ 30 mph in towns.答案：restrictionto9seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制(教材P27)归纳拓展They still hoped to seize victory from the jaws of defeat. 他们仍然希望在失败的绝境中

42、夺取胜利。Peter seized his mom by the arm to ensure her safety.彼得抓紧妈妈的胳膊以确保她的安全。My joints seize up in the cold weather. 天气寒冷，我的关节都冻僵了。(1)单句语法填空She tried to seize the gun _ him.Your engine will seize _ if you dont put some more oil in.答案：fromup(2)单句表达他抓住我的胳膊，把我往后拉。He _ the arm and held me back.答案：seized m

43、e by.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子1The present policy may not be _ (可持续的) because of the changing situation.答案：sustainable2_ (碳) dust and oil build up in the motor and cause it to stop working.答案：Carbon3The government has promised to clean up industrial _ (排放物).答案：emissions4However, biologists calculate that

44、there are about 20，00025，000 polar bears _ (遍及全球地).答案：worldwide5She has already expressed her dissatisfaction with this aspect of the _ (政策).答案：policy6We should make the plan as c_ as possible.答案：comprehensive7The g_ shows how house prices have risen since the 2000s.答案：graph8They ran out of f_答案：fue

45、l9Plants absorb carbon d_答案：dioxide10We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon f_答案：footprint.单句语法填空1Disease often follows on _ (starve) because the body is weakened.答案：starvation2The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is _ (melt).答案：melting3The general trend _ history is un

46、alterable.答案：of4They shifted their viewpoints _ (frequent).答案：frequently5The park is open to the public without _ (restrict).答案：restriction.单句表达1朱自清宁愿饿死也不要美国人的面粉。Zhu Ziqing would rather _ than accept the Americans flour.答案：starve to death2他被释放出狱不久就被捕了。He was caught soon after his _ prison.答案：release

47、 from3在这些区域内，交通限速是每小时20英里。Inside these zones, traffic speeds _ 20 mph.答案：are restricted to4我抓住兔子的双耳，把它带回了家。I _ the rabbit _ the ears and carried it home.答案：seized; by5我们观看了那场演说的现场直播。We watched a _ of the speech.答案：live broadcast课后课时作业(一)阅读Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new

48、stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isnt new at allin fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wonder

49、ed what was regulating the earths temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fouriers ideas sp

50、read， it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. After years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxid

51、e in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperaturesArrhenius found that CO2, and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect o

52、n the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”While Arrhenius findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until

53、1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the longterm consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effectstill, maybe

54、 Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化的重要研究成果，在这一领域，科学家们已经探索了近200年。1What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe climate change.BThe greenhouse effect.CThe atmosphere.DThe heat from the sun.答案：C指代判断题。根据第二段第二句“Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must