非谓语动词讲解稿

1、语法一语法一非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解Nonfinite Verbs1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2. 非谓语动词：非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词A: 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分以作除谓语外的所有成分B: 不受制于主语，没有人称和不受制于主语，没有人称和数的变化数的变化C：种类：种类非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语） He stood there, tired from a whole day

2、of work, thinking of a way to escape from the construction site.2. The news conference, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must hav

3、e more than 200 by now.5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.状语状语定语定语状语状语宾语宾语(宾语宾语)补语补语定语定语非谓语动词在句子中的作用非谓语动词在句子中的作用主语宾语表语定语状语补语动词不定式动名词现在分词过去分词作用种类非谓语动词时态和语态的形式非谓语动词时态和语态的形式动词不定式动名词现在分词 过去分词一般式to dodoingbeing donehaving donehaving being donedone一般

4、被动式to be done完成式to have done完成被动式to have been done 进行式to be doing 完成进行时to have been doing动名词（动名词（gerund）一一. 动名词的基本构成动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二二. 动名词的性质动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰I hope you dont mi

5、nd my saying it.2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Are you for or against having the meeting.I insisted on leaving at once.三三.动名词的功用动名词的功用1.可作主语可作主语Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There

6、is no + doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingLooking after the patients is a nurses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.2.可作宾语可作宾语 S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a dif

7、ferent way.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：这类动词有：避免错过避免错过 (少) 延期延期 avoid miss delay / postpone建议完成建议完成 (多) 练习练习 suggest / advise finish practise喜欢想象喜欢想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate imagine resist/cant help承认承认 否定否定 (与) 嫉妒嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脱逃脱 冒险冒险 (莫) 原谅原谅 escape / envy risk p

8、ardon / excuse忍受忍受 保持保持 (不) 在意在意 stand keep / keep on mind注：在动词注：在动词advise, allow, forbid(advise, allow, forbid(禁止禁止) )，permitpermit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如 We dont allow fishing here.我们不准在这儿钓鱼。我们不准在这儿钓鱼。 We dont allow people to fish here. 我们不准人们在这

9、儿钓鱼。我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。 prefer.to. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in)作介词作介词/短语动词的宾语短语动词的宾语:S. + v. + prep. + doinge.g.She sat there without speaking.I look forward to seeing him again.Are you u

10、sed to living there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help laughing.I dont feel like going to see the film.He was busy preparing his lessons.主动表被动主动表被动: want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + stand (经受) + doing bear (忍受) be + past (超过) be worth (值得) be + in need of(需要)使用动名词作宾使用动名词作宾语时

11、，用主动形语时，用主动形式表达被动含义式表达被动含义to be done使用不定式作使用不定式作宾语时，依然宾语时，依然用被动形式表用被动形式表达被动含义达被动含义e.g. The room wants cleaning. The method needs improving. This pair of shoes is past mending. The problem is in need of working out. The question is well worth discussing4）既可接动名词也可接动词不定式的一些词的辨析）既可接动名词也可接动词不定式的一些词的辨析a)

12、remembera) remember后跟动名词表示后跟动名词表示“记得曾做过某记得曾做过某 事事”；后跟不定式表示；后跟不定式表示“要记住去做某事要记住去做某事”。例如例如 I remembered giving you the book this morning.我记得今天早上把书还给了你。我记得今天早上把书还给了你。You must remember to give her the book tomorrow.你必须记着明天把书给她。你必须记着明天把书给她。b) forget后跟动名词标号司后跟动名词标号司“做过某事而忘记了做过某事而忘记了”； 后跟不定式表示后跟不定式表示“忘记了而不曾

13、做某事忘记了而不曾做某事”。c) regret后跟动名词表示对已做过的事情后后跟动名词表示对已做过的事情后 悔；后跟不定式表示对现在正在做或要去做悔；后跟不定式表示对现在正在做或要去做 的事情后悔。的事情后悔。d）动词）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示后接动名词表示“习惯性动作习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动心理或一次具体动作作”。当用在。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例之后时，只跟不定式。例如：如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this after

14、noon.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。What would you like to eat tonight?你今晚上想吃什么？你今晚上想吃什么？stop；forget；try；mean；go on；Others Examples3）作表语）作表语:S. + be + doingMy job is teaching you English.His hobby is collecting stamps.My greatest happiness is serving the people.4）作定语）作定语:S. + v. + doing + n.Does he

15、 work in the reading-room?Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.His grandfather has a bamboo walking stick.四.动名词的时态和语态 完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动 作之前发生。例如作之前发生。例如 I regret not having taken your advice.He didint mention having met you before2. 被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对被动式：当动名词

16、的逻辑主语是动名词动作对 象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：She didnt mind being called a housewife五.动名词的复合结构1).物主代词物主代词 / 名词所有格名词所有格 + 动名词动名词 在句中作主语在句中作主语: e.g. Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? 2).人称代词宾格人称代词宾格 / 名词名词 + 动名词动名词 在句中作宾语在句中作宾语: e.g. Im sure of him coming on time. H

17、e has never heard of a woman being a pilot. 动词不定式（动词不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 动词不定式的基本构成：动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式：肯定式：to do sth 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：被动式：to be done 完成式：完成式：to have done 完成被动：完成被动：to have been done进行时：进行时： to be doing 完成进行完成进行:to have been doing二二. 动词不定式的句法作用法动

18、词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成份。表语和主语等成份。动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the

19、 patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补(1)作主语作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It + 谓语谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour to get

20、 there by bus.句型句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty to help the poor. 句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的 ）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at yo

21、ur birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.(2)作宾语作宾语 I want to know this matter.like, demand, want, expect, promise, begin, determine, r

22、efuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, agree, seem, hope, intend, prefer, promise, forget, decide, mean(打算打算), prepare, pretend(假装）假装）, continue, wish, start, afford, hate等等常见动词有：常见动词有：I dont expect to meet you here.1).2). 不定式做动词不定式做动词tell, teach, know, show, find out, discover, see(understand)的宾语时的宾语时,

23、不定式前常加连接不定式前常加连接代词代词who, which, what和连接副词和连接副词how, when, where构构成不定式短语做宾语成不定式短语做宾语.I dont know how to get there.I havent decided whether to go or stay. 接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语3). I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意：注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语

24、补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make it +adj/n + to do sth. I feel it my duty to change all that. （3）做表语：主语）做表语：主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式1). 其主语多为抽象名词其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need) My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean.2).be to do可构成将来

25、时态可构成将来时态,表表 “准备准备/打算打算/计划计划/需需要要”; She is to return next week.It was about to leave when it started to rain.(3)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)He asked me to do the work with him 能用于此用法的动词有：能用于此用法的动词有： ask, tell, invite, force, advise, get , beg, allow, want, wish, order, expe

26、ct, prefer, encourage, lead, teach, persuade（说服), warn, request, forbid, cause, permit, oblige(迫使)， 等等。 Mother told me to come back before 10 oclock. Ill get someone to repair the recorder for you. I wish you to come as soon as possible. 1).2).I often hear them sing this song. 感官动词（感官动词（see, hear, f

27、eel, watch, notice, observe）、）、使役动词（使役动词（have, let, make ） 后的宾语补足语中，不定后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带式不带to。Did you notice anyone come in ? I would have him wait for me for a long time. Look at the horse jump. 注意：注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时，当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不定式则其后的不定式则要加上要加上“ to” 如：如： He is often heard to sing the song He was s

28、een to enter the room. 不定式动词在介词不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介后面时，如果这些介词之前有词之前有行为动词行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带不带to，否则要，否则要带带to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go(4)作定语作定语 不定式作定语时，不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不

29、定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如： I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. 注意：注意： 如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with(5)作状语作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see youWe were ve

30、ry excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school , only to find nobody there . (目的目的) (原因原因)(结果结果) 1). 目的状语目的状语: 可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末, 前面可加前面可加in order/so as/soas to表强调表强调.He ran so fast as to get to school in time2). 结果状语结果状语:主要用在主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。结构中。The question is too difficul

31、t to answer.They worked hard enough to finish their work.3). 原因状语原因状语: 主语主语+系动词系动词+adj.+ to do表表感情的感情的adj.有有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(忧虑忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.Im very sorry to see you.He was afraid to leave him home动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，动词不定

32、式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。 语态时态 主 动 语 态 被 动 语 态 一般时 to make to be made 进行时 to be making 完成时 to have made to have been made 完成进行时 to have been makingWhen I got home, my son happened to be watching TV. 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。 She is said to

33、 have read thirty novels this year. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long After graduation, he asked to be sent to work in the countryside. This novel is said to have been translated into French.分词：分词：Participles一一 分词的概述分词的概述1. 分词是分词是“非谓语动词非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现现 在分词（在分词（Present Par

34、ticiple）和过去分词（）和过去分词（Past Participle）。）。 2. 现在分词：现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词不规则动词 的过去分词的过去分词3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词的区别：现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier wounded i

35、n the war has become a doctor.2. 时态上：时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water二、分词的作用二、分词的作用1、作定语、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。定语。（1）前置定语）前置定语He is a promising young man.

36、 We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语）后置定语The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. The bridge built last month needs repairing（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。如：相当于一个定语从句。如：Those wishing to join this club should sign here. (=T

37、hose who wish to join the club should sign here )想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成；只表完成。

38、如：表示被动和完成；只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题昨天讨论的问题 （既表示被动也表示完成）（既表示被动也表示完成）the fallen leaves 落下的树叶落下的树叶 (只表示完成，不表示被动只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：She was too frightened to move.她被吓得一动不动。她被吓得一动不动。What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。等词。I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们