中国文化中英对照

1、1 .中国文化篇中国教育篇中国教育相关表达素质教育educationforall-rounddevelopment应试教育exam-orientededucation填鸭式教学crammingmethodoflearning义务教育compulsoryeducation高等教育highereducation普通高校regularinstitutionofhigherlearning就业服务和职业培训employmentservicesandvocationalskillstraining综合性大学comprehensiveuniversity重点大学keyuniversity减轻学生负担red

2、uceburdenforstudents应届高校毕业生newcollegegraduates招生办公室admissionoffice入学考试entranceexamination高考collegeentranceexamination研究生入学考试postgraduateentranceexamination入学资格admissionqualification升学率proportionofstudentsenteringschoolsofahighergrade奖学金scholarship学费tuition专业课coursewithinone'smajor必修课requiredcour

3、se选修课optionalcourse学分制creditsystem毕业论文graduationthesis毕业证书graduationcertificate学生会students'union学历recordofformalschooling中小学生primaryandsecondaryschoolstudent本科生undergraduate研究生postgraduate同学classmate教授professor副教授associateprofessor讲师lecturer助教teachingassistant教育界educationcircle教育投入inputineducati

4、on学前教育preschooleducation智力弓I进introducetalents课夕卜活动extracurricularactivity2 .中国科技篇中国科技相关表达科技是第一生产力scienceandtechnologyconstituteaprimaryproductiveforce科技体带q改革reformofthescienceandtechnologymanagementsystem技术密集产品technology-intensiveproduct科技含量technologycontent尖端科技state-of-the-arttechnology研究开发research

5、anddevelopment治理污染curbtheenvironmentalpollution水循环利用工厂waterrecyclingplant核电站nuclearpowerplant非化石能源发电量electricitygeneratedfromnon-fossilenergy新粒子newparticleH7N9病毒H7N9virus应用科学appliedscience3D打印3Dprinting人造器官artificialorgan顶层设计thetoplayerdesign节能减排energyconservationandemissionreduction工业升级industrialup

6、grading结构性障碍structuralobstacle资源利用率resourceutilizationrate高速铁路high-speedrail科学发展观ScientificOutlookonDevelopment科技发展scientificandtechnologicaladvancement生态农业environmental-friendlyagriculture创新innovation高科技园区high-techpark国家重点实验室nationalkeylaboratory研究成果researchresult新兴学科newbranchofscience人工智能artificia

7、lintelligence信息高速公路informationsuperhighway网民netizen网上购物onlineshopping网上交易平台onlinetradingplatform"宽带中国"战略China'sbroadbandstrategy产能productioncapacity神舟十号theShenzhou-10spacecraft嫦娥三号TheChang'e-3lunarlander3 .中国经济篇国民生产总值GrossNationalProduct(GNP)国内生产总值GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)国有企业state

8、-ownedenterprises(SOEs)社会主义市场经济socialistmarketeconomy市场经济秩序theorderofthemarketeconomy扩大内需expanddomesticdemand宏观调控macrocontrol按劳分配distributionaccordingtoone'sperformance城乡居民收入incomeofurbanandruralresidents劳动力labor综合国力overallnationalstrength公有制publicownership私有制privateownership私营企业privatebusiness中

9、小企业smallandmediumenterprises(SMEs)跨国公司multinationalcorporation网络经济Internet-basedeconomy经济规律lawofeconomy大规模生产massproduction生产力productiveforces年均增长率averagegrowthrateperannum可持续增长sustainablegrowth经济效益economicreturns经济增长economicgrowth经济波动economicfluctuation衰退recession提高经济效益enhanceeconomicperformance扭亏为盈

10、turnaloss-makingbusinessintoaprofitableone优化经济结构optimizeeconomicstructure经济结构战略性调整strategicadjustmentoftheeconomicstructure优化消费结构optimizetheconsumptionstructure产业结构升级upgradingofanindustrialstructure产业格局industrialpattern高新技术产业highandnewtechnologyindustries经济特区specialeconomiczones繁荣与稳定prosperityandsta

11、bility经济交流economicexchange禾U用夕卜资utilizationofforeigncapital投资investment知识产权intellectualpropertyrights版权copyright商标trademark专禾1patent电子商务e-business循环经济recyclingeconomy个人所得税personalincometax税收政策taxpolicy试点工程pilotproject经济带economicbelts经济全球化economicglobalization财政和货币政策fiscalandmonetarypolicies4 .社会篇社会篇

12、相关表达改革开放reformandopeningup小康社会awell-to-dosociety奔小康striveforarelativelycomfortablelife人民生活people'slivelihood生活水平livingstandards生活质量qualityoflife改善民生improvepeople'swellbeing住房条件housingconditions生活条件livingconditions共同富裕sharedprosperity社会稳定socialstability衣食住行food,clothing,shelteringandmeansoftr

13、aveling厉行节约practiceeconomy缩小收入差距narrowtheincomegap人均收入averageincomepercapita文化程度educationallevel城镇居民urbancitizen失业保障unemploymentsecurity人口问题theissueofpopulation全面发展all-rounddevelopment发达国家developedcountry发展中国家developingcountry人口老龄化populationaging养老provisionfortheaged养老保险old-ageinsurance社会保险socialins

14、urance计划生育familyplanning独生子女政策one-childpolicy城市人口urbanpopulation农业人口agriculturepopulation普查census社会事业socialprograms人才市场talentmarket人才交流talentexchange人才外流braindrain应届高校毕业生newcollegegraduate农民工ruralmigrantworker公务员civilservant市民citizen名人celebrity残疾人thedisabled就业率employmentrate失业率unemploymentrate出生率bir

15、thrate死亡率mortalityrate寿命lifespan贫困地区poverty-strickenregion欠发达地区underdevelopedarea摆脱贫困shakeoffpoverty生活困难bebadly-off用电量electricityconsumption森林覆盖率forestcoverage产业结构industrialstructure创历史新高anall-timehigh战略性新兴产业strategicemergingindustries基础设施infrastructure南水北调South-to-NorthWaterDiversionProject自然灾害natu

16、raldisasters本土化localization体力劳动manuallabor可持续发展sustainabledevelopment沙尘暴sandstorm建筑灰尘constructiondust市政府themunicipalgovernment违章建筑unlicensedconstruction严厉地处罚imposetoughpunishmentson主要污染源majorsourcesofpollutants建筑灰尘constructiondust炫富showoffwealth热词hotword/buzzword品位taste大众传媒massmedia5 .中国文化篇Part1中国文化

17、四大发明thefourgreatinventionsofancientChina火药gunpowderER刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针thecompass文房四宝"FourTreasuresoftheStudy笔writingbrush墨inkstick纸paper砚inkslab书法calligraphy中国画traditionalChinesepainting水墨画Chinesebrushpainting雕刻sculpture泥人clayfigure武术martialarts京居1Pekingopera昆曲Kunquopera相声crosstalk中药

18、traditionalChinesemedicine中国结Chineseknot唐装Tangsuit四合院courtyardhouse红茶blacktea绿茶greentea功夫茶Gongfutea火锅hotpotPart2中国文学四大名著fourmajorclassicalnovels三国演义TheRomanceofThreeKingdoms红楼梦DreamoftheRedMansions水浒传OutlawoftheMarshes西游记JourneytotheWest四书TheFourBooks大学TheGreatLearning中庸TheDoctrineoftheMean论语Analect

19、sofConfucius孟子TheMencius五经TheFiveClassics诗经TheBookofSongs书经TheBookofHistory易经TheBookofChanges礼记theBookofRites春秋TheSpringandAutumnAnnalsPart3中国古代哲学家及相关表达哲学家philosopher孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子LaoTzu孙子SunTzu庄子ChuangTzu儒学ConfucianSchool孔庙TempleofConfucius孙子兵法TheArtofWarPart4中国历史及相关表达封建的feudal朝代dynasty春秋时期

20、theSpringandAutumnPeriod战国时期theWarringStatesPeriod隋唐时期theSuiandTangdynasties明清时期MingandQingdynasties秦始皇theFirstEmperorofQin君主monarch皇帝emperor皇太后EmpressDowager丞相primeminister大臣minister忠臣loyalminister中华文明Chinesecivilization丝绸之路theSilkRoad西域westerncountries历史遗迹historicalsite文化遗产culturalheritage文物cultur

21、alrelics科举制imperialexaminationforrecruitingcivilservants6 .中国文化篇节日篇中国节日及相关表达春节theSpringFestival/ChineselunarNearYear农历正月初thefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth农历lunarcalendar年终大扫除year-endhouseholdcleaning春联SpringFestivalcouplets年回NewYearpictures剪纸paper-cuts团圆饭familyreuniondinner饺子jiaozi春晚SpringFestivalGala守岁stayuplateontheNewYear'sEve除夕EveofChineseNewYear辞旧迎新ringouttheoldyearandringinthenew拜年payaNewYearvisit红包redpackets压岁钱luckymoney放爆竹letofffirecrackers庙会templefair禁忌taboo元宵节LanternFestival农历正月十五15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth元宵ricedumplings花灯festivallantern灯谜lanternriddle灯