美国浪漫主义文学

1、Edgar Allan Poe lJanuary 19, 1809 October 7, 1849lAmerican author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic MovementEdgar Allan PoeLife :lHe was born in Boston, Massachusetts; lhe was orphaned young when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family.

2、 Poe was taken in by John Allan.Edgar Allan PoelHe attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. l Then enlisted in the Army and later failing as an officers cadet at West Point.Edgar Allan Poel His death :lOn October 3, 1849,and the causes of his death remain u

3、ncertain.Edgar Allan PoePublishing:His publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems Edgar Allan PoelIn January 1845 Poe published his poem, The Raven, to instant success. Edgar Allan PoelLiterary style and themes:lPoes best known fiction works are

4、Gothic.lHis most recurring themes deal with questions of death.lMany of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre.Edgar Allan PoelLiterary theory:lHe believed that quality work should be brief and focus on a specific single effect.lPoes writing reflects his literary theor

5、ies, which he presented in his criticism and also in essays such as The Poetic Principle.Walt WhitmanA giant of American lettersWhitmans life1/2lBorn in May 31, 1819 into a working-class family lGrew up in Brooklyn, New YorklSon of a carpenterlLeft his schooling and became a office boy at 11 lStrong

6、 love for lit. in a very young agelRead a lot of Shakespeare and MiltonWhitmans life2/2lPublished his first poem at the age of 17 lExperienced various jobslBack to NY and worked as a journalistlTurn to the manual work of carpentry around 1851or 1852lBegan writing a new kind of poetry (free verse)lDi

7、ed in March 26,1892.（no marry）Major Works of WhitmanlLeaves of Grass lDrum Taps lSong of MyselflI Sit and Look OutlO Captain, My Captain!lWhen Lilacs Last in the Dooryard BloomdlI Hear America SingingLeaves of Grass This is the grass that grows wherever the land is and the water is 哪里有土，哪里有水，哪里就长着草。

8、 (1830-1886)1.Life 5. Before her death, she asked her sister to burn all her poems. However, her sister published those beautiful poems. 1.She was born in Amherst, Massachusetts. Her father was a famous lawyer and politician. 2.She received college education.3.She lived a leisure and simple life and

9、 kept single all her life. She enjoyed gardening and writing and tried to avoid visitors. (Her life style is similar with Jane Austens.)4.She wrote 1775 poems, but only seven of them published in her life time. 1.The range of her poetry suggests not her limited experience but her creativity and imag

10、ination. 2.Her subjects were love, death, nature, religion, immortality, pain, beauty. 3.She wrote of God, man, and nature with a knowledge that seemed impossible for a person so limitedly experienced. 4. She had the most creative and profound observation on the nature, universe and life. In her poe

11、ms, she spares no effort to describe the mysterious but harmonious universe.2.subject1.telling images, suggestive and connotative, sometimes incomprehensible (“Tell all the Truth but tell it slant” )2.a severe economy of expression 3.direct and plain words, simple syntax 4.faulty grammar 5.no regula

12、r rhythm, at most off or slant rhymes 6.unusual capitalization 7.unusual use of punctuation marks 8.Personal and meditative3.Poetic Style1. Benjamin F. Newton, Her fathers apprentice. Although their relationship was probably not romantic, he was a formative influence and Emily regarded him as her tu

13、tor, or master 2. Charles Wadsworth, the clergymen. She variously referred to him as my Philadelphia, my Clergyman, my dearest earthly friend and my Shepherd from Little Girlhood3. Thomas Higginson, the editor. Dickinson valued his advice, going from calling him Mr. Higginson to Dear friend as well

14、as signing her letters Your Gnome and Your Scholar” 4.Three Important Men in her Life5.Publishing Career1.Sent poems to Thomas Wentworth Higginson, a literary critic and family friend.2.Although Higginson was astounded by Dickinsons 、originality and encouraged her literary aspirations, he advised he

15、r not to publish. Dickinsons decided to follow the advise. 3.If fame belonged to me, she told Higginson :I could not escape her; if she did not, the longest day would pass me on the chase. My barefoot rank is better. The twentieth century lifted her without doubt to the first rank among poets. 4.At

16、the time of her death, only seven of her poems had been published.I died for Beauty一一but was scarceAdjusted in the Tomb适应坟墓里的生活，适应坟墓里的生活，我为美而死我为美而死但还不怎么但还不怎么When One who died for Truth, was lain这时一位为真理而死的人这时一位为真理而死的人In an adjoining Room被安放在隔壁墓室里。被安放在隔壁墓室里。He questioned softly “Why I failed”?For Beauty, I replied “为了美为了美 ，我回答说，我回答说他柔声问我我为什么失败而亡；他柔声问我我为什么失败而亡；And I for Truth themself-are One We breathen ,are” , He said “我我