(11.3) unit 14 Irih Culture 爱尔兰共和国文化课件

1、Unit 14 Irish culture: language, literature and artsLanguage vPeasant class (mid 19th century) v emigration during the Great Famine 1845-48) v revive the use of the language ( late 19th century) vThe national language (1922)vCompetence in Irish: enter the universities, civil services, diplomatic cor

2、e, teaching professionLanguage.v The issue of language, like much else in Ireland,is heavily politicized.Traditionally,the Irish people spoke their own language,called Irish or Gaelic.It is a very ancient(and difficult)language with a rich oral culture v The death blow to the Irish language was the

3、Great Famine of 1845-1848,in which almost two million Irish people emigrated or died.vThe first Irish national state was set up(the Free State of 1922),a concerted,official attempt was made to make Irish once again the national language.v The language that is spoken universally in the Republic of Ir

4、eland is a version of standard English known as Hiberno-English.Language This idiom is distinguished from the kind of English spoken in the British Isles bya certain vocabularycertain semantic idiosyncrasiesthe variety and difficulty of the regional accents,from Cork to Donegal Oral culture口头文化 & Ar

5、t culture艺术文化vOral culture - informal way of doing businessvArt culture - rich folk heritage- consciously rooted in the traditionsOral Culture Ireland is a culture which operates most obviously on an oral level. The basis for this is,of course, in the original peasant culture,which made the transfer

6、 from an oral to a written culture only slowly in the late 19th century.The great value is extended to the ability to talk spontaneously and with grance and force.Art Culture Ireland is a traditional culture and it is true to say virtually every art form in Irelan derives from its rich folk heritage

7、. Ireland is known throughout the world for the intricacy and fervour of its folk dances,rearranged and modernized in the current stage productions of Riverdance.Literature1.The first stories told in Ireland were not only oral, but were recited in the Irish language, as it was the first language of

8、the land.2.The first poem identified as Irish.3.The origin of four winners of the NOBEL PRIZE for literature：the poets W.B.Yeats(1865-1929) Seamus Heaney(1939-)the playwrights George Bernard Shaw(1856-1929) Samuel Beckett(1906-1989)Music and dancevSean nos - old style of singing - unaccompanied voic

9、evPipe music: quietervDance: master in each village; fiddlevLong narrative songs- political commentary on actual eventsMusic and Dance 1.The oldest form of music is that embodied by the sean nos or old style of singing. Traditionally, sean nos is sung by the unaccompanied voice. The words are always

10、 in Irish,the last line is spoken, not sung. 2.The same is true of the pipe music. The Irish pipe is distinctive, the Irish pipes are played by holding the airbag under the arm amd pumping it with the elbow. 3. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. Visual culturevArts of the ear, not of th

11、e eyevBronze age - intricate metalworkvEarly Christian era - book illustrationvNorman architecture and Georgian housesVisual Culture In the folk culture, the visual harmony of its architecture, its clothing, and its folk arts such as rush weaving, are readily evident. After the Viking raids of the 8

12、th century, the glories of Irish art declined until, following the Norman invasion of Ireland ,its visual art was usually limited to the imported by the new settlers.Sports culturev1878 Soccer - 1990 first appeared in the World CupvRugby football - Triple Crown match - England, Scotland and WalesvHu

13、rling - banned twice by English rulersvHorse racing - sociable; elegant animals; placing a betSports Culture 1.The performance culture which elicits the most passionate response in the Irish people is sports. Soccer or football has a large social importance in Ireland. The Irish team made its first

14、appearance in the world cup finals in Italy in 1990. 2.Rugby football is very popular. Every year the Irish rugby team competes in the Six Nations Cup and every four years they are free to compete in the Rugby World Cup. 3.The game that is most natively Irish is called hurling. The oldest date for i

15、ts origin is 1272 BC. 4.The newest and most fashionable ball game in Ireland is golf. Other widely popular sports are sailing, tennis, and running.Sport in Ireland.vIreland has a rich sporting culture.vIreland has two national sports native to Ireland.vHurling.vGaelic football.vCroke Park in Dublin

16、is where all major sporting events are currently played.vIt is the 4th largest stadium in Europe.FootballvFootball is very popular in Ireland.vBecause football is much bigger in England, most of Irelands best players play for English clubs such as Manchester United or Liverpool.vThey return to Irela

17、nd only to play international matches for Ireland.Roy KeanevRoy Keane is probably Irelands most famous player. vHe was the team captain for both Manchester United and Ireland for many years.Gaelic FootballvGaelic Football is different from normal football because players can use their hands.vThere a

18、re 15 players on each team.vThe playing field is much larger than a soccer field.Rugby and footballvRugby and football are not Irish sports but are both very popular. vRugby is a very physical sport played with an oval ball.vThere is a very strong rugby tradition in Ireland.Brian O Driscoll is one o

19、f Irelands best Rugby playersHurlingvHurling is a game played by two teams of 15 players each.vEach player has a wooden stick.vPlayers hit a small hard leather ball and try to score in the opponents goal.vIt is the fastest field sport in the world and a very exciting sport to watch.Science and Techn

20、ologyvA rich traditionvIrish institutions: Dublin Society( the Royal Dublin Society) ; Royal Irish AcademyScience and Technology As the historical record shows,Ireland has a rich tradition of scientific enquiry and technological invention. In science and technology Ireland has been represented by su

21、ch distinguished names as Robert Boyle(1627-1697) called the father of chemistry freshmans respiratorJohn Tyndall(1820-1893) fiber optic infra-red analyzerLord Kelvin(1824-1907) : transatlantic cablesWilliam Rowan Hamilton(1805-1865): classical mechanics, optics and algebraWhat Is Irish About Irish

22、Culture 1.Ireland is also a very people-oriebted,which regards the family as central to its values.It is a very congenial society.The work culture is also very sociable,with little distinction being made between peoples public and private lives. 2.Ireland is still a nation that is in the process of making itself-and the first