公共管理学期末考试复习资料

1、>L . J - I. _ll , I I . I . I IL. - ILL一.一 learningsy stem,towhi ch branch oflearningex cha nges,participati on in adualorga40 "lost"party membersare notcontacted 148"Pocket" partymemnued reorganizationasan importa nttask,finishperfectorganizati on, with ag ood team, Goodsyste

2、m.Special hig hlightsofgrass-r oots party organizations,tn pla ce,furt hereducati on,re organizati on,tra nsformation andeducationalinteraction.ghsolid and effectivework initiatives公共管理学复习资料第一讲：1、非竞争性：是指一个使用者对该物品的消费并不会影响别人同时消费该产品及其从中获得效用。2、非排他性：是指使用者在消费一种公共物品时，不能排除其他人消费这一物品（不论他们是否付费）或者排除的成本很高。3、公共管理

3、：是指政府为代表的公共部门依法通过对社会公共事务的管理，以保障和增进社会公共利益的职能活动。4、公共管理学：是运用管理学、政治学、经济学等多学科的理论和方法，研究公共组织尤其是政府组织的管理活动及其规律的学科，是关于促进以政府为核心的公共组织更有效的提供公共物品和公共服务，以增进和公平分配社会利益的知识体系。5、公共管理学的时代背景：政府规模扩大和政府角色膨胀，引起公众不满。经济因素与财政压力。社会问题的增多与政府能力的下降所引发的矛盾。新右派学说与保守主义政治意识形态的巨大影响。6、公共事务及其特点：含义：公共事务是指涉及社会全体公众整体的生活质量和共同利益的一系列活动，以及这些活动的实际结

4、果。公共事务的特点：公益性：受益对象是全体社会成员。非盈利性：公共事务不以盈利为目的。规模性：公共事务所涉及内容具有一定的规模性。阶级性：公共事务要满足统治阶级的需要。7、比较公共管理与私人部门管理的本质区别：公共利益目标与私人利益目标：公共管理必须以公共利益为目标，私人部门管理的目标则可以定位于包括管理者在内的私人利益，这是公共管理与私人部门管理最重要的区别；carried out "practi ce line pi one er standard, a nd post spurs" "membersconcentratededucation a nd ma

5、nagementresponsi bilityofparty members,educati on basedservicem onths",activities,educationguidemember s always every where bearing i n mind ide ntity, base d jobpost,active play role. To devel op differentiated learning educati on g uide partymembers i naccor dance withtheir own situati on,tar

6、get the problemsto, base d on thew orkdone. Payattentiontothe roomandroomforgrass -roots partyorga nizon lear ning to make spe cificarrangeme nts,fully mo bilizet heent husiasmofparty members involve d inthe education,e nsure t heOrga nization in place ,measure sin pl ace, put i npla ce.Tothe partyo

7、rganizati on a s thebasicform. Int hestandardi zeddevelopmentoflearning,make lear ningmore effective efforts,and w illadhere to thegood party group,organize.-.一_ I_.一 一 - I.11. .11. I .ILI - -l_L ._ _ II_ . I- I _ - 1 . - l_L. _L. 1 - II- - 一.一L .-. I . L 一.一nizationwith comrades. Focus onrecurrent

8、education,y ou al so needt o c ontinue tostrengthe nthe buildi ngof grass -roots party organizations.Now,the city alsoha s 88 villagepartyorganizationsare weprocess. Re centl y, the city'spartyorganizationfocused investigation, check outa total of"lost" members4,507,"Pocket"

9、members1037,find tducation,making e ducation moreground,fullofvitality,gooctures, can drivea good topica bout, preve nt showy witdeffect.Finally, highlig htthenormallong-term.To hig hlightthe characteristi csofre current e ducation,with long fl owing , continuousli neofper severancethe persevera nce

10、 t o pr omoteeducati onaleffortstorea lizethe party's i deol ogicala nd politi calconstructi on ofroutine instit utionalization.hout substance,Sham mule s. Toimplement theeducation management sy stem for basi csupport.Dem ocraticmut ual eval uation on partymembers i naccorda nce withthe regulati

11、ons,therealperformanc e criteriaa nd or deresta blished,sound carefullydi spose ofunqualified party members,tbers aWit ht heparty branch a s the baseunit. Play therol e ofpartybra nches should be, isthe key to e ducationalsuccess.Ea ch branch m usttake strict ofurther impr ovethe dre dge ex portteam

12、, pureself clea ning me chanism.Party lea ding cadres shoul dadheretoa ndimpl ementthe centralgroupo be dealtwith firsti 垄断强制性与自由竞争性：公共管理活动在本质上是国家的活动，这使得公共管理具有明显的垄断和强制的特点，而私人部门管理不具有这一特点； 制衡性与自主性：与私人部门管理者在管理中具有较多的自主性相比，公共管理主体在实施管理的过程中，通常受到较多的制衡； 多元理性与经济理性：公共管理部门作为增进公共利益的立法者和执行者，处在基本资本配置的中心，事实上公共管理承担了

13、社会资源权威性分配者的职责； 政府机制与市场机制：公共管理与私人部门管理的一个十分显著的区别在于，前者主要通过政府机制来实现，后者则主要通过市场机制来实现。第二讲1、学习型组织：是指通过培养弥漫于整个组织的学习气氛而建立起来的一种符合人性、有机的、扁平的组织。2、政府失败及其表现：( 1)含义：所谓政府失败，是指个人对公共物品的需求在现代代议制民主政治中得不到很好的满足、公共部门在提供公共物品时趋于浪费和滥用资源、公共支出成本规模过大或者效率降低、政府的活动达不到预期目的的一些情况(2)表现：、政府决策的低效率，也就是公共决策失效；、政府工作机构的低效率;、政府的内部性与扩张；、政府的寻租活动

14、。第三讲：1、公共组织及其与非公共组织的区别：公共组织的含义：是以实现公共利益为目标的组织。它一般拥有公共权力或者经过公共权力的授权，负有公共责任，以提供公共服务，供给公共产品为基础职能。区别：、 公共组织以追求公共利益为目标，提供公共服务；而非公共组织追求私人利益。、公共组织为社会提供公共产品；而非公共组织提供私人产品。、 公共组织的管理对象是全社会的公共事物；而非公共组织的管理对象是本组织成员。roken problem,filltheshortskills ofgrass-r ootspartyorganizations,grass-rootsparty levelupgrade.Com

15、rade s,doa "two"learning educatiof greatsignifica nce, re sponsibilitie s,carrysignificantimplicati ons.na do" lear ning e ducation carried outg ood, forcoordinationadvance"four afull" strategylayout, andacheived "Thirteen-Five"good start,andspeedupconstructi on mo

16、r e high ecologicalvitalityhappiness ofCity providesstrong powerfulguaradiscipli ne inspe ction report"fiveexperience"first.on. Revered Constituti on reflecte d inawe. PartConstitution isthefundamentalstandardofsfinetraditionand style; aclearpartymembers andwhatca nbe doneand what must bed

17、one,what cannotbedone.Ea ch Communist PartyConstitution t oaweandwaryeyee nha ncnigthesa cred sense ofresponsibilityand mission.Hearts filled withparty Constitution, hol d theparty li ne, BAobligations unconditi onally carry outpa rtymembers,accordi ng to the Constituti on of dire ctiontowar ds stan

18、dards efforts.Respect reflected i n thest udythe partyConstituti on mea ns.S ome partymembersjoinedthe party Constituti on on theshelf,not to learn,some l ong -termparty accordi ng to the Constituti on ofthe party'sorga nizat ion,the partyis notrequired topay member shipdues, l oose concept, par

19、tyorganizati ons oftheparty organizati on,dlylearn, practice,thi nking,l earni ngand t hinki ng,t hinki ng and r ow, r ow,ever -spiraling increase in thelearning process.Respe ctparty line sreflected i n practi ce. Tw otolearna basic Constituti on Partyrules, series of spee ches, thekeytobequalified

20、 partymembers.Tobe qualified party members,standards are nothig h, butifhe doe s takea rulerofthe party Constitutionto "card",truly itis notea sy. Carry outst udy a nd e ducati on,everyparty must controltheparty's e ightobligations,ask,lookforgaps,ide ntify problems, cl eardire ction,w

21、ork to solvespecificproblems. Activelypracti cing i n the producti on lifeofthe eig ht obligations,to pl aya vanguard a nd exemplary rol e,truly a party banner."Two" fighttohighlight grass -rootspartyorga nizations11、公共组织负有公共责任并坚持依法管理；而非公共组织主要以价值规律为主 导，遵循价值规律。3、非营利组织及其促发展的举措(1)非营利组织的含义：是指不

22、以营利为目的，而是服务社会公众的非官方性组织(2)促进我国非营利组织发展的措施：、鼓励建立政府与非营利组织间的合作关系。、创造良好的环境培育非营利组织发展。、政府制定扶持和规范非营利组织发展的相关法律政策。、非营利组织积极加强自身的建设。第四讲：1、道德风险与逆向选择道德风险：是指从事经济活动的人在最大限度地增加自身效用的同时做出不利于 他人的活动。逆向选择：是指市场的一方不能察知市场另一方的商品类型或质量时，市场中大量的劣货会排挤好货并最终占领市场的过程。2、公共管理职能的构成以及公共管理职能存在的原因：(1)公共管理职能的构成公共管理的程序性职能：包括决策职能、计划职能、组织职能、协调职能

23、和控制职能公共部门的任务性职能：经济职能：包括宏观调控职能和市场规制职能 政治职能：包括民主建设、社会治安和国家安全 社会职能：包括提供社会保障、促进公正的收入分配和环境保护文化职能：包括科技、教育、体育、文化、卫生等(2)公共管理职能存在的原因：、公共管理部门及其职能体系的存在是社会分工发展到一定程度的要求、公共管理部门及其职能体系的存在是当代各国社会与市场经济发展的基本要求carried out "practi ce line pi one er standard, a nd post spurs" "membersconcentratededucation

24、a nd ma nagementresponsi bilityofparty members,educati on basedservicem onths",activities,educationguidemember s always every where bearing i n mind ide ntity, base d jobpost,active play role. To devel op differentiated learning educati on g uide partymembers i naccor dance withtheir own situat

25、i on,target the problemsto, base d on thew orkdone. Payattentiontothe roomandroomforgrass -roots partyorga nizon lear ning to make spe cificarrangeme nts,fully mo bilizet heent husiasmofparty members involve d inthe education,e nsure t heOrga nization in place ,measure sin pl ace, put i npla ce.Toth

26、e partyorganizati on a s thebasicform. Int hestandardi zeddevelopmentoflearning,make lear ningmore effective efforts,and w illadhere to thegood party group,organize.-.一_ I_.一 一 - I.11. .11. I .ILI - -l_L ._ _ II_ . I- I _ - 1 . - l_L. _L. 1 - II- - 一.一L .-. I . L 一.一nizationwith comrades. Focus onre

27、current education,y ou al so needt o c ontinue tostrengthe nthe buildi ngof grass -roots party organizations.Now,the city alsoha s 88 villagepartyorganizationsare weprocess. Re centl y, the city'spartyorganizationfocused investigation, check outa total of"lost" members4,507,"Pocke

28、t" members1037,find tducation,making e ducation moreground,fullofvitality,gooctures, can drivea good topica bout, preve nt showy witdeffect.Finally, highlig htthenormallong-term.To hig hlightthe characteristi csofre current e ducation,with long fl owing , continuousli neofper severancethe perse

29、vera nce t o pr omoteeducati onaleffortstorea lizethe party's i deol ogicala nd politi calconstructi on ofroutine instit utionalization.hout substance,Sham mule s. Toimplement theeducation management sy stem for basi csupport.Dem ocraticmut ual eval uation on partymembers i naccorda nce withthe

30、regulations,therealperformanc e criteriaa nd or deresta blished,sound carefullydi spose ofunqualified party members,tbers aWit ht heparty branch a s the baseunit. Play therol e ofpartybra nches should be, isthe key to e ducationalsuccess.Ea ch branch m usttake strict ofurther impr ovethe dre dge ex portteam, pureself clea ning me chanism.Party l