新版新目标八年级英语下unit1单元讲解及练习

1、Unit 1 What s the matter?Section A知能新视窗本节主要学习一些人体器官的名词和病名，能够运用what s the matter 来询问他人患病的情况，并提出合理化的建议。名师开小灶1. What s the matter? 你怎么啦？该句是一个特殊疑问句，在此用于询问对方和身体情况，也是医生或护士询问病人病情的常用语。句中的matter前一定要加冠词the。后面常接介词 with,再接人或物。如：What s the matter with you? 你怎么啦？【拓展】What's the matter (with)?也可用于某人遇到麻烦事或某物有毛病、

2、出故障等。如：Whats the matter with your MP4? 你的 MP4 出了什么问题？【金钥匙】 What's the matter with ？与 What's wrong with ？或 What's the trouble with ？是同义句。2. I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。(1) have作动词，意为“得病；患病”，表示具有某种“病症，症状”，常用“ have a +名词”。(2) stomachache意为“肚子痛，胃痛"。是 stomach + ache组合而成。ache是名词，意为“疼,痛，隐隐 作

3、痛”，常与身体的部位名称结合构成复合词，其前通常用不定冠词。如：a headache 头痛 a toothache 牙痛 a backache 背痛【辨析】ache, pain, sore的区别ache指持续的疼痛，常与人体部位名词构成复合词。pain指突然出现的疼痛，也指身心痛苦。常用于 have a pain in结构。如：He has a pain in the ears. 他耳朵痛。 sore 指由于感染或发炎而造成的疼痛。如：He has a sore back. 他背痛。3. You should drink some hot tea with honey. 你应该喝点加蜂蜜的热茶

4、。(1) should 意为“应该，应当”，是情态动词，后接动词原形，比must，ought to 等较委婉。表示“义务、责任”，可用于各种人称。其否定形式是shouldn't。如：You should say sorry to him. 你应该对他说对不起。He should learn from others. 他应该向他人学习。(2) with 作介词，表示“有；附有”，起伴随作用。如：I like coffee with milk. 我喜欢加奶的咖啡。【拓展】with 的用法很多，常用的有： 表示“和某人或某事物一起”。如：She hardly ever stays with

5、her parents. 她很少和妈妈一。 表示用某种工真。如：We see with our eyes, but they work with their ears. 他们用眼看，用手工作。4. He shouldn t eat anything. 他不应该吃东西。anything 是不定代词，意为“某事”。常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：I don t know anything about him. 有关他的情况我不了解。Do you anything to ask？ 你有什么要问吗？【链接】something 也是不定代词，意为“某事”。常用于肯定句或表示请求得到肯定答复、建议的疑

6、问句中。如：I have something to do this afternoon. 今天下午我有事要做。Would you like something to drink？ 想要喝的东西吗？5. I m not feeling well. 我感到身体不适。(1) feel 在此是作连系动词，意思是“感觉到”，后接形容词作表语。如：She feels a little cold. 她感到有一点冷。【链接】常见的连系动词：sound听起来，100k看起来，taste尝起来，become变得，turn变得.。(2) well 在此句中作形容词，用来指人的身体好。如：I m very well.

7、 我的身体很好。【拓展】well 还可作副词，用于修饰动词。如：She dances very well.她的舞跳得很好。【辨析】fine, nice, well, goodfine常指“人”时，表示“身体健康”；指天气时表示“晴朗的”。如：My teacher is fine.我老师身体很好。It's a fine day today. 今天天气好。nice主要侧重于人或物的外表“美观，漂亮”，也可用于问候或赞扬他人。如：She's a nice girl.她是一位漂亮的姑娘。Nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。(3) good形容词“人”时指“品行”好；形容词“

8、物”时指“质量”好。如：The old woman is good to kids.那位老太太对小孩很好。6. About two hours ago.大约在两个小时前。ago作副词，意思是“以前”，指从现在算起多少时间以前，所构成的短语是过去时间，谓语动词用一般 过去时态。如：He went to the school library ten minutes ago. 十分前他去学校图书馆了。【辨析】ago, beforeage常和一般过去时态的动词连用，其前是一个表示时间段的词或短语，构成：一段时间+ago;而before通常用来表示在某个时间点之前，也可单独使用，还可后接一个完整句子。如

9、：They lived in the city three years ago. 十年前，他们住在座城市。We started our classes before eight o 'clock.八点前我们开始上课的。I had finished my homework before my father came back. 父亲回来之前我已做完作业。7. I think so.我认为是这样。so作代词，意思是“这样，如此"，用来代替上文中提到的词、短语或某种情况，常在believe, think, hope,say, tell, do, suppose 等后。如：I bel

10、ieve so.我相信是这样。I hope so.但愿如此。It's going to rain.天要下雨。 I think so.我认为如此。【金钥匙】在表示看法上的词如believe, hope后面用so表示肯定，用not表示否定。如： We will have an exam tomorrow. 明天我们要考试。 I hope not.我希望不要这样。【链接】so作连词，意为“所以，因此“，与 because对应。如：Tom was ill, so he didn 't come to school.汤姆病了，所以他没上学。8. I hope you feel bette

11、r soon.希望你很快就会好起来。此句常用于祝愿患者身体康复。如：一My mother is ill, I have to look after my sister.妈妈病了，我得照顾妹妹。-I m sorry to hear that. I hope she's better soon.听了这个消息我很难过。希望她很快好起来。实战演练场夯实基础一、根据句意，从方框中选出合适的词并用正确的形式填空。arm, back, ear, eye, foot, hand, head, leg, mouth, neck, nose, stomach, tooth1. Giraffes have

12、long. They are about 3 meters （米）long.2. Zhu Baojie has two big and a big.3. The boy can't see because his are blind （瞎的）.4. She can't walk （走）because her are hurt （受伤）.5. Elephants have long. They use them to carry something （搬东西）.6. You must brush （刷）your after you get up every morning.7.

13、Open your. Let me look at your throat.8. The shoes don't fit （适合，合身 ）me because my are too big.9. Miss Li comes into the classroom with exercise books in her.10. The back is too heavy （重）.Please put it on my.二、根据汉语，写出有关患病的短语。1.头痛2.胃痛3.感冒4.喉咙痛5.牙痛6.背痛7.发烧三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1 .你应该躺下休息。You should and.2

14、 .李明每天晚上十点去睡觉。Li Ming at ten every night.3 .你最好去看牙医。You had better.4 .两年前我来到这所学校。I came to the school.5 .每天喝大量的水对你有好处。It's good for you toevery day.四、句型转换。1. The girl has a fever.(就划线部分提问) the girl?2. She started to have a stomachache three days ago.就戈U线音B分提问 ) she to have a stomachache?3. You s

15、hould eat something.(改为否定句)You eat.4. He has a toothache.(改为一般疑问句) he a toothache?5. You should drink hot tea with honey.(改为祈使句的肯定形式 ) hot tea with honey.五、单项选择。()1. I have a bad. You should see a dentist. A. cold B. fever C. toothache D. stomachache()2. What's the matter? I m not feeling.A. goo

16、d B. nice C. well D. kind()3. I think Nancy is a good student.Yes, we all think. A. itB. that C. one D. so()4. You look tired. You go to bed early and stay up late.A. should, shouldB. should, shouldn'tC. shouldn't, shouldn'tD. shouldn't, should()5. I have a bad cold.-I hope you feel

17、soon.A. good B. well D. better D. harder能力提高nA. That's a good idea.B. You shouldn 't drink cool water.C. You should see a dentist.D. Thanks a lot.E. I have a headache.六、对话配对。I()1. What's the matter with you?()2. I have a toothache, mum.()3. You should drink hot tea withhoney.()4. I'm

18、 feeling sore in my stomach.()5. I hope you feel better soon.七、补全对话。A: You don't look well. 1.).A. You should see a doctor.B. What's the matter?C. I think you have a bad cold.D. I hope you fee better soon.E. When did it start?B: I have a headache and a coughA: Do you have a fever?B: Yes, I d

19、o.A: 2.B: Yes, I think so.A: 3. B: About two days ago.A: Oh, that s too bad. 4. B: That s a good idea. I have to go now. Thank you.A: You re welcome. 5.B: Thanks.Section B知能新视窗本节学习描述身体不适的词语，继续学习用should或shouldn't提出合理的建议。通过了解中国式的健康生活方式，学会怎样保持身体健康。名师开小灶1. tired 疲倦的tired 作形容词，它可以与be, feel, get, beco

20、me, look 等动词搭使用，意思都是：疲倦，但稍有所不同。be tired 表示身体所处的状态feel tired 强调身体的感觉get/ become 侧重身体状态的变化look tired侧重视觉效果(看起来)下面的形容词：hungry, thirsty 等词的用法与tired 类似。【拓展】tired可以与of连用，构成tired of表示"对厌烦”。如：I m tired of this work. 我讨厌这工作。【辨析】tired, tiringtired 作形容词，通常作表语，句子的主语是人；tiring 作形容词，通常作表语，句子的主语是物，也可作定语。如：The

21、work is tiring. 这项工作没趣。This is tiring work. 这是一项令人厌烦的工作。2. stressed out 过度紧张的stressed作形容词，在此意为“精神上紧张的，有压力的”。此处的 out作副词，意为“彻底地，完全地”，表示程度。如：You look stressed. 你看上去心事重重。【链接】stress作名词，意为“压力，紧张”；作动词，意为“加压力于，使紧张，给施加压力”。 如：He is under great stress because of his new job. 新工作使他感受到沉重的压力。Dont stress the child

22、ren too much. 不要给孩子们太大的压力。3. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.传统中医认为要想健康，我们需要在阴和阳之间保持平衡。(1)该句是一个复合句， we的前面省略了连接词that, we在此作believe的宾语从句。如：He believe that he can pass the English exam. 他相信他的英语考试能及格。(2) believe 相当于 think, suppose 等，表示“认为，相信”。常用于“belie

23、ve + 宾语或 that 从句”中，也可用于“ believe + 宾语+宾语补足语”结构。如：I believe him / what he said. 我相信他所说的话。I believe him right. 我认为他是对的。【金钥匙】 believe, think 等引导宾语从句的that 可省略。 当含 believe, think 等的主从复合句变为否定句时，如果主语是第一人称(I, we) 时，要否定在主句上。如：I don t believe he will come. 我认为他不会来。 believe 与 think 的区别在于否定和简略回答。如： Is junk food

24、 good for health? 垃圾食品对身体健康有益吗？ I believe not. (I don t think so.) 我认为不是的。(3) a balance of意为"的平衡，和谐，协调”。如：We must keep the balance of the nature. 我们必须保持生态平衡。(4) to be healthy 是不定式短语，表示目的，意为“以使身体健康”。如：He gets up early every morning to go to school on time. 为了能按时上学，他每天起得很早。He exercises for one ho

25、ur every day to keep healthy. 为了保持身体健康，他每天锻炼一个小时。4. Maybe you have too much yin. 可能你阴盛。too much 作形容词，意为“太多的，过于的”，后接不可数名词。如：You take too much interest in what you wear. 你太过于注重穿着。【拓展】much还可与so和very much连用，so much, very much后也只能接不可数名词，常表示很多， 加强 much 的程度，但不含“太过于”的意思。如：There was so much food and we could

26、n t eat it all. 食物很多，我们无法全部吃完。There is never very much news on Sundays. 星期日从来没有多少新闻。Much 可作副词修饰动词。修饰动词时，除在疑问句、否定句中以外，不可单独使用，通常以very much,too much 和 so much 等形式出现。如：She doesn t much like fruit. 她不太喜欢水果。She likes fruit very much. 她非常喜欢水果。You eat too much. 你吃得太多了。Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。【金钥匙】much to

27、o的中心词是too,意为“太，非常，极其”，后接形容词或副词。如：It s much too cold. 天气太冷了。5. You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你应该吃壮阳的食品，如牛肉。句中like beef是插入语，说明hot yang foods是哪些食物，like作介词，意为“诸如，像这样的“，与such as相似，有举例说明了的意思。常与要说明的内容用逗号隔开。6. Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃当参和黄芪对这也有好处。(1)句中eating是动名词短

28、语作主语，表示所做的某件事。如：Watching TV too much every day is bad for your eyes. 每天看太多的电视对你的眼睛有害。Doing more speaking can improve your English. 多说能提高你的英语。(2) be good for意为"对有益，有好处，有利于“，而 be bad for表示"对有害，无益”。7. But people who are too stressed out and angry many have too much yang. 但是过度紧张并且容易生气的人 可能阳气太多

29、。(1)句中who是一个定语从句，修饰 people, who在此处不疑问代词，不含疑问意思，而是一个关系代 词，引出定语从句，修饰人。如：Do you know the man who is talking with our teacher? 你认识那个正和我们老师谈话的那个人吗？(2) angry 是形容词，意思是“生气的，恼怒的”。如果表示“对某人生气”，就用 be angry with 结构，如 果表示“对某事生气“，就用 be angry about / at。如：He is angry with me. 他对我很生气。He is angry about what I did. 他对

30、我所做的事很生气。8. It s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it s important to eat a balanced diet. 具有健康的生活方式并不难， 重要的是膳食平衡。句中的两个it都是形式主语，而不定式to have，to eat都是真正的主语。如：It s important to learn English. 学英语是很很需要的。【拓展】it作形式主语，除以上的结构处，还有：It's +形容词或名词 + for sb. to do sth.的结构。如：It s difficult for him to answer

31、 the question. 对他来说，回答这个问题很难。It s time for us to have a party. 到我们开晚会的时候了。9. You should go to bed early for a few nights. 你应该早睡几夜。a few 意为“一些，几个”，与 some 同义，但只能修饰可数名词的复数。如：I have a few friends here. 我在这里有几个朋友。【辨析】a few, few, a little, little(1) a few 修饰可数名词的复数，表示肯定意思。(2) few 意思是“几乎没有”，修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定意

32、思。如：He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。(3) a little 意思是“一点儿”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意思。另外， a little 还可修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级。如：There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一点牛奶。He speaks a little quickly, I can 't follow him.他说得有点快，我听不懂。(4) little意思是“几乎没有”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意思。如：I have little money.我几乎没有钱。10. You should exercise

33、to stay health.你应该锻炼来保持健康。(1)句中to stay healthy是不定式作目的状语。(2) stay healthy意思是"保持健康"，与 keep healthy意思相同，stay作动词，意思是“继续是，保持”， 后接形容词词作表语。实战演练场夯实基础一、从方框中选出合适的词填空。tired, hungry, thirsty, stressed out, important, weak, traditional, angry, western, early1. She is a shy girl. She always feels when s

34、he speaks in front of stranger (陌生人).2. Lucy gets up. She doesn ' t want to be late for class.3. Mr. Wang was after (在之后)he heard (听至U) the bad news.4. I nrf feeling very because I stayed up last night.5. It's for us to learn English.6. I m. Will you please give me some water?7. Spring Festi

35、val is Chinese festival.8. Sun Yuan doesn't work hard. So she is in study.9. They live in a village.10. I m kind of. Would you like to eat out with me?二、用所给给词的正确形式真空。1. Zhang Lan has a(head), she doesn't come to school today.2. Every morning I exercise one hour to keep(health).3. You should

36、speak(much) English to improve ( 提高)it better.4. Chinese medicine is now popular in many(west) countries.5. Lucy often brushes her(tooth) before she goes to bed.6. You have a bad cold. Take some(medicine).7. What's the name of this(ill)?8. To keep in good health, you should look after your(balan

37、ce) diet.9. I believe(tradition) Chinese doctors.10. We should exercise(stay) healthy.三、单项选择。()1.When you are tired, you should eat hot yangfoods to healthy.A. goB. grow C. stay D. leave()2.You shouldn't sleep only 3 hours. It will you sick.A. give B. make C. take D. get()3. He eats food, so he

38、is fat (胖).A. much too, much tooB. too much, too muchC. much too, too muchD. too much, much too()4. He is not good with others. So he has friends.A. few B. a few C. little D. kind of()5. It's interesting computer games.A. play B. playingC. to play D. plays()6. It's also good this to eat Dang

39、shen and Huangqi herbs.A. forB. atC. toD. in四、句型转换。1. To go to bed early is very important for your health.（ 改为同义句 ） very important for your health to bed early.2. I believe you can do it well.（改为否定句）I you do it well.3. What's wrong with Lily?（改为同义句）What's with Lily?4. Maybe you are too stre

40、ssed out.（改为同义句 ）You too stressed out.5. She has to go out with her parents.（改为否定句 ） She to go out with her parents.五、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1 .如果你喉咙疼，就应该喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。If you have, you should drink.2 .保持健康容易，饮食均衡重要。It's easy, and it 's important.3 .那些总感到压力大并易发怒的人，可能是因为体内阳气太盛。People who and angry might have

41、 yang in their lives.4 .听音乐能使人轻松。can make people.5 .多喝水对健康有益。It's good for health.能力提高六、请将下面的问题和建议相互配对。Problems Advice（）1. a sore throatA.listen to music（）2. a feverB.see a dentist（）3. stressed outC.take some flu （感冒）medicine（）4. a toothacheD.drink hot tea with honey（）5. hungryE.eat an apple（）6.

42、 a coldF.drink lots of water七、补全对话。A: What's the matter, Mr. Smith?B: 1.I can't do any work, doctor.A: Do you have a cough?B: No, I don't have a cough.A: 2.B: Yes, I sleep very well.A: Do you have breakfast every morning?B: No, I don't have breakfast. And I have only a little food fo

43、r lunch and supper because I want to keep thin.A: Oh, I see. 3.You need to eat more food and have three meals a day. 4.B: OK. I will do like that.A: 5.B: Thank you very much.A. I feel very well.B. I hope you will get better soon.C. Do you sleep well at night?D. I'm not feeling well.E. And do som

44、e exercise every day.F. You need to eat less food.G There is nothing serious （严重的）Self Check知能新视窗本节主要学习情态动词should 的使用， 同时归纳总结本单元的学习材料，并就所学的语言谈论健康和提出建议。名师开小灶1. I need to see a dentist. 我需要看牙医。need 在此句中作实义动词，意为“需要”，后接名词、代词、不定式。如：I need to buy a present for my daughter. 我需要给女儿买一件礼物。She needs some water

45、 to drink. 她需要一些水喝。【金钥匙】need作实义动词时，还可后接动名词作宾语，但此时句子的主语是物，它与动名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。这种情况不同于need 后接不定式。后接不定式时，主语与不定式的动作存在主谓关系。如：My bike is broken. It needs repairing. 我的自行车坏了，它需要修理。I need to repair my broken bike. 我需要修理我的坏自行车。【链接】need作情态动词当 need 作为情态动词时，无时态和人称的变化，后接动词原形，在作疑问时，可以把need 放在主语之前，作否定时，在 need后直接加not,

46、缩写成needn't。用need开头的疑问句，它的肯定回答用 must,否定 回答用needn't。如： Need I go now?我必须现在去吗？ Yes, you must.是的，你必须去。 No, you needn t. 不，你不必去。2. I hope you re enjoying my school in New York. 我希望你喜欢我在纽约的学校。(1) hope 意为“希望”，作动词。后接动词不定式和宾语从句。如：I hope to visit the Great Wall.I hope that I will visit the Great Wall.

47、 我希望参观长城。【辨析】hope, wish 两词都可接动词不定式作宾语，不接动词-ing形式。wish to do sth.表达主观愿望，没有考虑是否可能。hope to do sth.表示对将来的希望，并相信经过努力能实现。如：I wish to fly to the moon one day. 我希望有一天飞到月球上去。I hope to be a teacher. 我希望当一名老师。 两者都可接宾语从句。Hope 的从句的谓语动词时态用正常的时态，而wish 从句的谓语动词常用过去式，若是be动词，一般都用were。如：I hope they can help me. 我希望他们能帮

48、我。I wish I would one million dollars. 我希望我有一百万美元。I wish I were ten years younger. 我希望我年轻十岁。 wish 后可接形容词、动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可接双宾语表示祝愿，而hope 不能这样用。如：I wish you well and happy. 我希望你健康快乐。I wish you to write to me soon. 我希望你不久给我回信。I wish you a good luck! 祝你好运。 在简略答句中hope 之后可接so 表示 “希望如此”， 接 not 表示 “希望不如此”， 而 w

49、ish 不能这样用。如： We will have a Christmas party tomorrow. 明天我们要开一个圣诞晚会。 I hope so. 我希望如此。(2) enjoy 作动词，意为“喜欢，欣赏，享受”，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：I enjoy the song. 我喜欢那首歌。I enjoy listening to music. 我喜欢听音乐。【链接】短语enjoy oneself=have a good time 意为“玩得愉快”。3. I m not feeling very well at the moment. 我现在感觉不太好。(1) feel 作动词，意为

50、“感觉，感到”，后接形容词作表语。用现在进行时表示当前的状态。如：Are you feeling cold? 你觉得冷吗？【金钥匙】feel well 表示“身体舒服”， feel good 表示“精神上舒服”。(2) at the moment意为“此刻，现在“。相当于 now。如： Theyre very busy at the moment. 他们现在很忙。【链接】与moment 相关的短语in a moment 立刻，马上wait a moment 稍等一会儿4. I study late very night, sometimes until 2 am. 我每晚学到很晚，有时直到凌晨

51、2 点。until(1) until=till可以作介词也可作连词，意为“直到”，引导时间状语或时间状语从句。在肯定句中,与持续性动词连用，表示某动作持续到某时。如：You d better wait until the rain stops. 你最好等到雨停。I watched the football game on TV until 12 o clock last night. 昨晚我在电视上看足球赛到十二点。(2) until否定句中与非延续性动词连用，意为“直到才”，"不之前不”。如：I didn t come home until 5 o clock. 直到 5 点我才到

52、家。I won t go to bed until my father comes back. 直到父亲回来我才睡觉。【金钥匙】含有after, before 引导的时间状语从句可以转换为until 的从句。如：I went to bed after 10 o clock. 可以转换为：I didn t go to bed until 10 o clock.5. I m sorry to hear that you re not feeling well. 很遗憾，听说你感觉不舒服。be sorry to do意为"对感到难过、抱歉、遗憾”，是对所听的不幸之事表示一种同情。如：I m

53、 sorry to say I can t help you. 很遗憾，我不能帮你。I m sorry to trouble you. 对不起，打扰你了。【拓展】be sorry 后可接 that 引导的宾语从句。如：I m sorry that I have no time tomorrow. 对不起，明天我没时间。【链接】be sorry for.表示“为(因)而感到抱歉(遗憾)"，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：I m sorry for being late. 我为迟到感到抱歉。I m sorry for my mistake. 我为我的错误感到后悔。实战演练场夯实基础 一、用所

54、给动词的适当形式填空。1. The boy (have) a cold two days ago.2. You shouldn t (go) skateboarding.3. Its easy (have) a healthy lifestyle.4. I (believe) you are right.5. We need time (relax).二、单项选择。6. ) 1. I m not feeling well. I have a cold.A. I hop soB. I m sorry to hear thatC. I m afraid notD. That s good() 2.

55、 Do you enjoy basketball with us?A. to play B. play C. playingD. plays() 3. I believe it s important eight hours a night.A. sleep B. sleeping C. sleepy D. to sleep() 4. I m stressed out my Putonghua isn t improving.A. because B. before C. until D. after() 5. I have a fever. The doctor asks me to tak

56、e some .A. exercise B. walk C. hot food D. medicine 三、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1 . 他们现在教室里开会。They are having a meeting in the classroom 2 . 由于我总是熬夜，所以经常头痛。I always stay up, so I have headaches.3 .我认为吃垃圾食品不好。I it good to eat junk food.4 .我的确需要进行一些会话练习。I really conversation.5 .膳食平衡以保持健康。Eat a balanced diet. 四、句型转换。1. He should eat something.（改为否定句）He eat.2. She has to see a doctor.就划线部分提问） he to do?3. I hope that I can be a writer in the future.（ 改为同义句 ）I hope a writer in the future.4. I think I have a sore back.（改为否定句）I I have a sore back.5. Wh