unit 1 the snake bite

1、 Task Look at the picture and make a story! 2007年2月22日，悉尼，动物保护组织成员把自己囚禁在铁笼中，以此抗议人类圈养家禽. What can you learn from the two pictures?Look and DescribeBook 2-Unit 3Dont open the window, Thelma. Some of the humans can be downright dangerous.Look at the picture. Discuss what is going on in this scene. Make

2、 a story out of the picture. (Limit your story to approximately one minute.)l How does the picture strike you?l Where does the story occur?l What are the humans doing there? What impressions do you get from these people?l Whats the implication of the comments below the picture? Who made the comments

3、?urban safari tour skull bulging overstuffed cage warncruel greed gluttonous(饕餮饕餮) gloomyanimal rights a harmonious relationship with animalsBook 2-Unit 3In small groups, discuss the following questions.1. Explain the term “be bound to do”.2. How would you put the saying into Chinese?3. Do you have

4、an example to illustrate the saying?TipsBook 2-Unit 3If we are bound to forgive an enemy, we are not bound to trust him.Quotable QuoteBook 2-Unit 3 be bound to : be sure and confident that something will happen If we are bound to forgive an enemy, we are not bound to trust him.即便我们决心宽恕敌人，也决不能相信敌即便我们

5、决心宽恕敌人，也决不能相信敌人。人。Book 2-Unit 3pThough thy enemy seem a mouse, yet watch him like a lion.敌人即使小如鼠，防他也要如防狮。敌人即使小如鼠，防他也要如防狮。pHe that dallies with enemy gives him leave to kill him.把敌人看儿戏，无异于准许敌人杀害自己。把敌人看儿戏，无异于准许敌人杀害自己。pOne enemy can do more hurt than ten friends can do good.一个敌人为害，胜过十个朋友行好。一个敌人为害，胜过十个朋

6、友行好。pBelieve no tales from the enemy.敌人之言不可信。敌人之言不可信。pDo not despise your enemy.不可轻敌。不可轻敌。Related Ideas in EnglishList at least three things that you can do to save your life:1. _2. _3. _Book 2-Unit 3Book 2-Unit 3For Your Reference If you or someone else is bitten by a venomous snake, seek immediate

7、 medical attention at the nearest hospital or medical facility. Stay calm, remove any rings that could restrict circulation if tissues swell, keep the bitten limb below the level of the heart, and immediately seek medical attention. Your most important aids in getting to a hospital and treatment may

8、 be car keys or a cell phone. adj. full of or containing venom (poison)Book 2-Unit 3What to Do If Bitten by a Venomous SnakeAllow the bite to bleed freely for 15-30 seconds.Remove clothing (pant legs, shirt sleeves, rings and jewelry on bitten side).If the bite is on hand, finger, foot or toe, wrap

9、leg/arm rapidly with 3 to 6 Ace or crepe bandage past the knee or elbow joint immobilizing it. Overwrap bite marks. Wrap ACE (elastic) bandage as tight as one would for a sprain. Not too tight. Check for pulses above and below elastic wrap; if absent it is too tight. Unpin and loosen. If pulses are

10、strong (normal) it may be too loose. If possible, try and keep bitten extremity at heart level or in a gravity-neutral position. Evacuate to nearest hospital or medical facility as soon as possible. For more Information: /srel/snake-4.htm Book 2-Unit 3What Not to Do If Bitten by a Venomou

11、sSnakeDo not eat or drink anything unless okayed by medical sources.Do not engage in strenuous physical activity.Do not apply oral suction to bite. Do not cut into or incise bite marks with a blade. Do not drink any alcohol or use any medication. Do not apply either hot or cold packs. Do not apply a

12、 narrow, constrictive tourniquet such as a belt, necktie or cord. Do not remove dressings/elastic wraps until arrival at hospital and antivenom available. Do not waste time or take any risks trying to kill, bag or bring in offending snake. Have you heard of the rattlesnake? Do you know how it gets i

13、ts name? What precautions should you take in a place where snakes are common? Once you are bitten by a poisonous snake, what should be done as a first-aid?RattlesnakeOverview There are approximately fifty species of rattlesnake, with numerous subspecies. They receive their name for the rattle locate

14、d at the tip of their tails. The rattle is used as a warning device when threatened. The scientific name Crotalus derives from the Greek, , meaning castanet. The name Sistrurus is the Latinized form of the Greek word for tail rattler (, Seistrouros) and shares its root with the ancient Egyptian musi

15、cal instrument, the sistrum, a type of rattle. Most rattlesnakes mate in the spring. All species give live birth, rather than laying eggs. The young are self-sufficient from birth. As they do not need their mother after birth, the mother does not remain with her young.Prey Rattlesnakes consume roden

16、ts and other small animals, such as rabbits, rats, mice, etc., subduing their prey quickly with a venomous bite. The venom stuns or kills typical rattlesnake prey immediately. A rattlesnake will follow prey that does not quickly succumb to the venom and attempts to escape. They are specially known t

17、o strike at distances up to two-thirds their body length.Predators Rattlesnakes are prey for kingsnakes, roadrunners, pigs, hawks, and eagles. They have been harvested as human food, such as at the Rattlesnake Round-Up in Sweetwater, Texas. The RattleThe rattle The rattle is composed of a series of

18、nested, hollow beads which are actually modified scales from the tail tip. Each time the snake sheds its skin, a new rattle segment is added. They may shed their skins several times a year depending on food supply and growth rates. The rattle may break; there is little truth to the claim that one ca

19、n tell a rattlesnakes age from the number of beads in its rattle. Newborn rattlesnakes do not have functional rattles; it isnt until after they have shed their skin for the first time that they gain an additional bead, which beats against the first bead, known as the button, to create the rattling s

20、ound. Adult snakes may lose their rattles on occasion, but more appear at each molting. If the rattle absorbs enough water in wet weather, it will not make noise. Rattlesnake bites Rattlesnakes are born with fully functioning fangs capable of injecting venom and can regulate the amount of venom they

21、 inject when biting. Generally they deliver a full dose of venom to their prey, but may deliver less venom or none at all when biting defensively. A frightened or injured snake may not exercise such control. Young snakes, although incapable of delivering an amount of venom equivalent to their adult

22、counterparts, are still potentially deadly. Any bite must be considered dangerous and professional medical care should immediately be sought.First aid When a bite occurs, the amount of venom injected cannot be gauged easily. Symptoms and swelling may occur quickly, and may cause death easily but in

23、some cases hours may pass before serious effects appear.Experienced health workers typically gauge envenomation in stages ranging from 0, when there is no evident venom, to 5, when there is a life-threatening amount of venom present. The stages reflect the amount of bruising and swelling around the

24、fang marks and the speed with which that bruising and swelling progresses. In more severe envenomation cases (stage 4 or 5) there may also be proximal symptoms, such as lip-tingling, dizziness, bleeding, vomiting, or shock. Quick medical attention is critical, and treatment typically requires antive

25、nin/antivenom to block the tissue destruction, nerve effects, and blood-clotting disorders common with rattlesnake venom, Most medical experts recommend keeping the area of the bite below the level of the heart. It is important to keep a snake bite victim calm in order to avoid elevating their heart

26、 rate and accelerating the circulation of venom within the body. Untrained individuals should not attempt to make incisions at or around bite sites, or to use tourniquets, as either treatment may be more destructive than the envenomation itself.Any bite from a rattlesnake should be regarded as a lif

27、e-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate hospital treatment from trained professionals. SNAKEBITES IN HUMANS A rattlesnake bite is a serious event, but by staying calm, following good procedures and using common sense, it doesnt have to be a fatal event. 1. Stay calm, get safely away

28、from the snake, and have someone call 9-1-1 (or the emergency number in your area). The less the victim moves the bitten site, the less likely the venom will be profuse (much) and cause damage.2. Have the victim lie down with the affected limb肢 lower than the heart. Keep the limb immobilized. If pra

29、ctical, splint用木板夹 the limb.3. Treat for shock and preserve body heat.4. Remove any rings, bracelets, boots, or other restricting items from the bitten extremity. (It WILL swell.)5. Apply a light constricting压缩 band about “ above and below the bite, however never place the bands on either side of a

30、joint (such as above and below the knee or elbow). This band should be made up of wide, soft material, which could be a handkerchief or shredded 撕碎clothing. The band should only be as tight as the band the nurse applies when giving a blood test.6. Wash the bite with soap and water (if available).7.

31、If the victim has to walk out, sit calmly for 20-30 minutes to let the venom localize at the site, proceed calmly to the nearest source of help and try to avoid unnecessary exertion which will stimulate circulation of the poison.8.Get the victim to definitive medical care for antivenin抗毒蛇素, which wi

32、ll provide the greatest relief from the toxic有毒 effects of the bite. ACTIONS TO AVOID:1. DO NOT cut the bite. The additional tissue damage may actually increase the diffusion扩散 of the toxin毒素 throughout the body.2. DO NOT apply a tourniquet止血带. Such action can result in the loss of the limb.3. NEVER

33、 try to suck out the venom by mouth. You can try the suction cup in a snakebite kit工具箱 if it doesnt delay other needed treatment. Suctioning seldom provides any measurable advantages, however.4. Do not apply cold and/or ice packs. Recent studies indicate that application of cold or ice makes the inj

34、ury much worse.Rattlesnakes as food Rattlesnakes are also a popular food in some southwestern cuisines and are sometimes sold in speciality meat shops. It has a flavor that has been described as similar to chicken or frog legs and a chewy texture similar to alligator. More pictures:More pictures:Mor

35、e picturesMore picturesMore picturesMore picturesMore picturesA rattlesnake warning sign More information about rattlers: http:/ the words with the pictures.Book 2-Unit 3qIn small groups, read the text and discuss the following questions.qReport the answers to another group.Book 2-Unit 3Text Summary

36、1. According to the context, when did the story most probably happen?2. In which country did the story happen, how do you know? 3. How old was the narrator?Stylistic FeaturesBook 2-Unit 3 The story, as told by an American boy, is set against the background of the _ countryside in the 19th century. T

37、he narration, therefore exhibits features of both cultural pictures of the countryside of that period, and the way that a teenager spoke. Words like sandbur, claim, _ are characteristic of American culture. Besides, the text contains many colloquial phrases to reflect a childs style of speaking. Phr

38、asal verbs are used over single verbs, for instance, light out for _; pick out for_, show up for appear, break into for _. The use of child phrases (Mamma, Papa) and some causative verbs in make me lie, _ also help render the text fitting a childs tone. buggy, porch, lot, rigput Martha to watch, get

39、 me to stop yellingAmericandepartrecognizebegin abruptly The structure of the text (when) One day(where) on melon-and-garden patch (who) a boy (what) bitten by a snake (how) mothers first aid and help from neighbour at last, his father showed upPara. 1The narrator went to the house melon-and-garden patch.Para. 2-3All at once the narrator came down on something. It turned out a rattle had just attacked him.Para. 4Mother applied the first aid.Para. 5Para. 6Mother looked for aid.Herb Anderson gave the instructionto find Papa.Para. 7-8Papa finally showed up.ANarrativeBook 2-Unit 3