Section 11.28 备忘记录 Memos and Minutes教学课件

1、1. What is a memorandum?v A memorandum or memo is a note or communication that aids the memory by recording events or observations on a topic, such as may be used in a business office. The plural form is either memoranda or memorandums. It is a written form of communication most often employed in bu

2、siness environments. It is an informal record, in the form of a brief written note or outline, of a particular legal transaction or document for the purpose of aiding the parties in remembering particular points or for future reference.v A memorandum is typically written using the following structur

3、e: a) To: The person receiving the memorandum; b) From: The person writing the memorandum; c) Date: Usually a formal manner of writing the date; e) Subject: A short title descriptive of the topic for discussion in the memorandum; f) Introduction: Explaining why the memorandum has been written and wh

4、at topic the memorandum will discuss; f) Body: discussing the topic in detail-explaining what exactly and itemizing when possible; g) Conclusion: explaining what will or should happen next, when the follow-up will occur and why the date is important. A memorandum can also be a legal document setting

5、 out the terms of an agreement or contract as in a Memorandum of Sale, Memorandum of Shipment, or Memorandum of Understanding.2. What are minutes?v Minutes also known as protocols may be notes recounting the transactions occurring at meetings or official proceedings, records kept by courts and corpo

6、rations. They often give an overview of the structure of the meeting, starting with a list of those present, a statement of the various issues before the participants, and each of their responses thereto. v Minutes are often created at the moment of the hearing by a typist or court recorder at the m

7、eeting, who may record the meeting in shorthand, and then type the minutes and issue them to the participants afterwards. Alternatively, the meeting may be audio recorded and the minutes typed later. v The minutes of certain entities, such as a corporate board of directors, must be kept and are impo

8、rtant legal documents. Generally, minutes begin with the organization name, place, date, list of people present, and the time that the chairman called the meeting to order. Minutes then record what actually happens at a meeting, usually in the order that it actually happens, regardless of whether th

9、e meeting follows or ignores any written agenda. A less often used format may record the events in the order they occur on the written agenda, regardless of the actual chronology. II. 商界名言 Business Sayingsv 1. Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁热打铁。v 2. The frog in the well knows nothing of the great

10、 ocean. 坐井观天。v 3. He that is full of himself is very empty. 妄自尊大，腹中空空。v 4. The fox knew too much, thats how he lost his tail. 机关算尽太聪明，反误了卿卿性命。v 5. A thing you dont want is dear at any price. 无需之物，再贱也贵。v 6. A man works from sun to sun, but womans work is never done. 男人一天忙到晚，女人一生忙不完。 vIII. 核心词语Core Wo

11、rds and Phrases (omitted)v要求课前背诵重要术语vIV. 经典句式Typical Sentences v(omitted)v要求首先思考如何翻译？有多少不同的路径？变换词性、主语、从句会产生什么不同的效果？Practice makes perfectvdelivery assure furnish comply with von condition that of no avail execute draw vsustain authorize favour with an eye tovinstruct revert to on account of rest ass

12、ured in ones favour entertain in accordance withconform to1 Fill in the blanks with the words and phrases given in the box. Change the forms where necessary.Exercises(1) The enclosed order, No.98918, is for prompt _ as the winter season is only a few weeks away. (2) We accept your order and wish to

13、_ you that dispatch will be put in hand immediately when we receive your L/C.(3) Please _ us with your own samples of handkerchiefs closest in designs and quality to those we enclose here.(4) We find it difficult to _ your request as we have offered you the best possible price if you take the qualit

14、y of our products into account.(5) All our efforts to expedite shipment have been _. (6) We shall increase our order by 10% _ you reduce your price accordingly.(7) There has been some delay in the _ of your order. (8) Ive succeeded in persuading our export manager to agree to a reduction of ten perc

15、ent. He made this an exception _ future business.(9) We hope that you will see your way to make up for the loss we _. (10) To avoid subsequent amendment, please see to it that the L/C stipulations should be _ the terms in the sales confirmation. delivery assure furnish comply with of no avail on con

16、dition that execution with an eye to sustainedin accordance with (11) We _ by our bank to pay the deposit.(12) As for the payment, we would like you to _ a draft at 30 d/s on us for the invoice amount plus shipping and other expenses with a 10% commission.(13) We will request our bankers to open an

17、L/C _ upon receipt of your confirmation of this order. (14) We _ to use the trademarks in connection with our activities under this agreement.(15) We are always improving our design and patterns to _ the world market.(16) When fresh supplies come into the market, we can _ your enquiry.(17) You can _

18、 that we would make every effort to effect the shipment as soon as possible so as to meet your demand.(18) We have to cancel the order _ your failure to ship the goods within the specified time. (19) At present we cannot see our way to _ your counteroffer, as our price is quite realistic.(20) We sha

19、ll be very pleased to receive any order with which you care to _us. have been instructed draw in your favour are authorized conform to revert to rest assured on account of entertain favour V. 段落写译 Paragraph Writing and Translatingv1. 在写备忘录之前就要组织好自己的想法并且搞清楚备忘录的基本格式。备忘录的标题通常要包括日期、发送者姓名、接受者姓名和主题标目。5. P

20、lease translate the following Chinese letter into English. v 敬启者：v 你们订购600台“金鱼”牌自动洗衣机, 编号为8705-A01的订单收到，我们对此非常感谢, 并乐意向你们作如下确认：上述商品可以现货供应。我们相信，你们一定会对我们产品的质量满意的。v 至于支付方式，我们同意你们的意见，即你们开立一份保兑的、不可撤消信用证，总金额为六万港币，有效期至9月12日。等收到National Bank的信用证确认函后，你们订购的货物将备妥待运。v 我们将确保上述货物将及时到达你处，同时希望收到你们更多的定单。v 谨上Reference

21、 Answern Dear Sirs, n We highly appreciate your Order No. 8705-A01 for 600 sets of Golden Fish Brand Automatic Washing Machines and are pleased to confirm that the goods can be supplied from stock. We are confident that you will be much satisfied with the quality of our products.n We agree with you

22、on the proposed method of payment by a confirmed, irrevocable L/C, with a sum of HKD 60 000 and validity till September 12. Upon receipt of confirmation of the L/C from the National Bank, we will have your order ready for shipment.n We will ensure that the goods will reach you in good time and that

23、we may receive further orders from you in the future.n Yours faithfully,v1. 在写备忘录之前就要组织好自己的想法并且搞清楚备忘录的基本格式。备忘录的标题通常要包括日期、发送者姓名、接受者姓名和主题标目。vOrganize your thoughts before writing the memo and understand the basic format of a memo. The heading of the memo always includes the date, the name of the sende

24、r, the names of the recipients and the subject heading.v2. 不管是通过电子邮件、传真、普通邮件还是在下次会上，都要将完成了的会议记录递交审批。最好是让组织和机构成员能在下次会议之前收到，这样他们就可以通读一下。v2. 不管是通过电子邮件、传真、普通邮件还是在下次会上，都要将完成了的会议记录递交审批。最好是让组织和机构成员能在下次会议之前收到，这样他们就可以通读一下。vSubmit completed minutes for approval, whether it is by email, fax, regular mail or at

25、 the next meeting. It is always preferable for the members of the group or organization to receive the minutes before the next meeting so they can read over them. v3. 我们与客户联系过了并希告知贵方，经研究了你们的说明书后，他们认为这些设备适合他们生产上的需要，但由于目前市场上对他们产品的需求不旺，他们认为用现金购买机器是不合适的。v3. 我们与客户联系过了并希告知贵方，经研究了你们的说明书后，他们认为这些设备适合他们生产上的需要

26、，但由于目前市场上对他们产品的需求不旺，他们认为用现金购买机器是不合适的。vWe have contacted our customers and wish to inform you that having studied your pamphlets; they find the machine suitable for their need in production. However, owing to the slack demand for their products for the time being, they do not think it advisable to bu

27、y the machines with cash.v4. 写商务备忘录可谓领导团队的一种工具，在不要求按日程表召开公司会议的时候可用来向员工通报重要新闻。v4. 写商务备忘录可谓领导团队的一种工具，在不要求按日程表召开公司会议的时候可用来向员工通报重要新闻。vWriting a business memo is a great tool for leading teams; it informs employees of important news when a company meeting is not required to be scheduled.v5. 我方得强调，由于客户急需这

28、项货物，本公司须抓紧处理订单，否则问题严重。因此贵公司务须告知最早装运日期。v5. 我方得强调，由于客户急需这项货物，本公司须抓紧处理订单，否则问题严重。因此贵公司务须告知最早装运日期。vWe must stress that we are facing considerable problems since the consignment is urgently required to satisfy orders from our customers. It is imperative that you inform us of the earliest possible shipment

29、 date. VI. 讨论评估 Discussion and Assessmentv首先探索语言学习方法在商务英语写作中的运用，然后讨论为了最终提高自己的商务写作能力，应该如何正视商务英语写作中的错误，从错误中学到什么？最后以一个短小的翻译例子来说明，商务写作时如何做到同根义项协调善断？1）语言知识需要反复循环才得以巩固v 各种研究表明，外语词汇必须经过反复练习、反复应用才能被学习者真正地掌握（Wallace 1982;Nation 1990）。罗杰斯(1969)主张教育目标应该是促进变化和学习，培养能够适应变化和知道如何学习的人。现代世界中，变化是惟一可以作为确立教育目标的依据。这种变化取决

30、于过程而不是取决于静止的知识培养目标应该是使学生成为“学会如何学习的人”、“学会如何适应变化的人”，从而成为能适应社会要求的“充分发挥作用的人。2）习作是自己英文水平的真实映射v 纠错对英语写作具有积极的意义后，提请他人修改同时对其他人习作发表修改意见是对他人的一种友好的帮助和对自己的一种特殊的训练。Dykstra（1964）认为写作就是培养正确的语言习惯，写出来的文章无非是若干正确句型和词语的集合。而英语谚语有云：世上最容易之事莫过于找茬。但对于英语写作批改与讲评而言，纠错并非易事。能发现并纠正他人的错误，便可以使自己避免犯同类错误。纠错的功能则完全突破了世俗的条框，成为通过从错误中学习、促

31、进写作能力的最有力的批判性和改良性工具。3）例析：v只要我方客户对货物质量满意，而且贵方能够保证及时发货并于10月底之前安排装运，我方就一定大量订购。 v中间商或分销商（clients/distributor）通常以这种表达方式对供应商或制造商（supplier/manufacturer）提出自己的条件，合则成，不合则罢。写作实践中可见大量的错误是起因于对同根义项的选择错误，其一是忽视了文本的语义构成，也即没有顾及 “严格检查语境”的观点(Katharina Reiss, 2004)；其二是没有采用部件分析的方法来“研究同义词”(Wolfram Wills, 2001)； 其三是没有重视单词变

32、形使用后的搭配问题，毕竟，“搭配是外语学习者最难把握和外语词汇学习最重要的部分”(Bahns, 1993)。 v 以“满意”为词根来分析其相应变形的搭配，可以发现satisfy, satisfying, satisfied, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfactorily都应当根据不同的主语以及其它的成分关系进行调整，如if your products can satisfy the needs of our customers; if the quality of your products is satisfying/ satisfactory; if

33、 our customers are satisfied with the quality of your products; if your products are to our customers full satisfaction; if your products can satisfactorily meet the requirements of our customers等，任何不协调都将导致语用的失误。v 此外，同义词的选择不但要考虑整个句子的连贯和一致，还要考虑原文作者的本意。本例中这样的词汇很多，比如，“只要”可以考虑选用if; only if; only when; p

34、rovided that; on condition that; so long as等；“保证”可以考虑选用make sure; ensure; assure以及guarantee等；“发货” 可以考虑选用deliver/delivery; dispatch; send out以及shipment等，并灵活选择不同的词性；“大量订购”则可由动词词组转译为侧重名词的词组，“下一个大的订单” 即place a large/heavy/substantial order等，所有这些可供选择的表达都要求相应地变换其它句子成分，目的都在于追求表达的精炼和严谨。 笔者试译：v Only when our

35、 customers are satisfied with the quality of your products, and you can ensure prompt delivery and arrange shipment before the end of October shall we place large orders with you. VII. 应用写作 Applied WritingvA. Write a sales memorandumva) topic;vb) from;vc) to;vd) body;ve) conclusion.B. Sample writing

36、vMemorandum on Sales SeminarMemorandum on Sales Seminarv TO: Bill Meredithv FROM: Mr. Chambersv SUBJECT: Seminarv Dear Bill:v A seminar is being held at the Emperor Hotel on June 15, 2010 at 1:00 P.M. on Selling Computerized High Technology. It is being conducted by ABC Corporation and should be ext

37、remely informative.v We are strongly recommending that every member of the sales force attend this seminar and we will, of course, pay the entrance fees for all those attending.v I would appreciate it if you would encourage everyone to go, and provide me with the names of those who will be attending

38、 no later than June 1st.v Louisev Human Resource Deptv A memorandum or memo is a written form of communication most often employed in business environments. It is an informal record, in the form of a brief written note or outline, of a particular legal transaction or document for the purpose of aidi

39、ng the parties in remembering particular points or for future reference. A memorandum is typically written using the following structure: v TO: The person receiving the memorandumFROM: The Person writing the memorandumDATE: Usually a formal manner of writing the date, for example 20 April 2004SUBJEC

40、T: A short title descriptive of the topic in discussion in the memorandum Introduction: explaining why the memorandum has been written and what topic the memorandum will discuss.Body: discussing the topic in detail-explaining what exactly and itemizing when possible.Conclusion: explaining what will or should happen next, when the