初中英语语法专项名词讲义

1、学习好资料欢迎下载*初中英语语法专项名词（讲义）一、名词（n.）表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词（一）名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy,desk,cat,window）和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,police）。不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water,paper,silk,money和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty,

2、housework）专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom,theGreatWall,theSpringFestival,France,theUnitedStates（二）名词的数1 .可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：（1）一般情况下，在词尾加s.eg.bookbooks,dogdogs,penpens,boyboys以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为s,以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为z。（2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时，要在词尾加es.eg.beachbeaches,brush-brushes,bus-buses,boxboxes（es

3、读音为iz（3）以辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先变y为i,再加es.eg.citycities,familyfamilies,documentary-documentaries,countrycountries,strawberrystrawberries（ies读音为iz）（注：以元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days（4）以元音字母o结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下：力口eg.tomatotomatoes,potato-potatoes结尾是两个元音字母的力口s,eg.zoozoos,radioradios某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg.piano

4、-pianos一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s,eg.photo（photograph）photos,kilo（kilogram）kiloszero变复数时，既可力口s,也可力口eg.zero"zeroes（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，先把f或fe变为v,再加es.eg.wifewives,leaf-leaves,halfhalves,knifeknives,thiefthieves（res读音为vz妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife-wives;calf-calves;knife-knives;追得贼狼满街跑，thief-thieves;wolf-wolves碰倒架子丧己命,she

5、lf-shelves;self-selves;life-lives手帕树叶半空飘.leaf-leaveshalf-halves（注意：chffchefs,rooffroofs,safft险箱）-safes,proof（证据）fproofs,chieffchiefs,handkerchieffhandkerchiefs（6）有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。eg.manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen,footfeet,toothteeth,child

6、children,mousemice,OxOxen（公牛）学习好资料欢迎下载(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fishworks(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes另外,当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。eg.anappletree,fiveappletrees,agirlfriend,twogirlfriends,atwinsister但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。eg.twome

7、nteachers,threewomendoctors可用量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.aroomOfstudents,twoboxesOfpencils2 .不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的量”的表示方式如下。(1)表不定数量时，一般用much,(a)little,alotof/lotsof,some,any等词修饰。(2)表确定数量时，一般用数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：two/three/-4量词复数十of+不可数名词。eg.abagOfrice,twoglassesOfmilk,fourbottlesOfwater3 .有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名

8、词，但词义有所不同。eg：fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物foods各种食品；巾sh鱼1shes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒adrink一杯/一份饮料、一杯酒；cloth布,acloth桌布、抹布；sand沙sands沙滩；tea茶atea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉achicken小鸡；orange橘汁anorange橘子；glass玻璃aglass®璃杯,glasses眼镜；paper纸apaper试卷、论文；wood木头awood小森林；room空间、余地aroom房间(三)名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系)(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、

9、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s.eg.Mike'swatchWomensDay以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加eg.teachers'office,students'rooms两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s.eg.TomandMike'sroom姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加's.eg.Mary'sandJenny's?b!8s詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)在表示“店铺，某某家，诊所”的名词

10、所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。athisbrothersatthedoctorsatthebarkersatMrreads用所有格表示时间或距离的方法：tenminutes'drive十分钟车程，amonthsholiday一个月的彳贸期用所有格表示节日的方法：TeachersDay,ChildrensDay.需要注意的是除了父亲节和母亲节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示，因为爸爸妈妈每个人就只有一个所以不用复数，MothersDay,FathersDay(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构学习好资料欢迎下载eg.amapofChina,thebeginningofthi

11、sgame,thedooroftheroom(3)特殊形式可用和of短语表示的名词所有格eg.theboy'sname=thenameOfthebW®的名字)thedog'slegs=thelegsofthedog的腿)China'spopulation=thepopulationOfdia(中国的人口)China'scapital=thecapitalofChinO国的首都)双重所有格eg.afiendofmymother我妈妈的个朋友apictureofTom汤姆的一张图片(四)名词作主语时的主谓一致(1) .如主语是单数，后跟with,toget

12、herwith,aswellas,like,but,except等弓I导的短语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式.LiHuawithmeoftengoestothecinema.Thewomanwithtwochildreniscominghere.(2) .复数形式单数内容的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式.Thenewsissurprising.Mathsisanimportantsubject.(3) .单数形式复数内容的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thepeoplethereareverykind.(4) .一些集体名词如family,c

13、lass,team等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式.Hisfamilyisnotalargeone他家不是个大家庭。HerfamilyarewatchingTV.他全家人在看电视。Theteamisplayingverywell.这个队打得彳艮出色。Theteamareallfamousplayersinourcountry1:体队员者B是我国有名的运动员。(5) .表示时间,金钱,距离的名词加s后，应视为一个整体，故谓语动词用单数形式.TwohoursisenoughforustogetthereOnehundreddollarsisenough.F

14、ivekilometersisalongwayforthechildern.(6) .复数名词shoes,trousers,glasse筹由pair修饰时，谓语动词的单复数形式要由pair决定.Thepairofshoeslooksnice.Thattwopairsoftrousersarebothtoolong.(7)由and连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，如表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式.若表示个体概念，谓语动词用复数形式.Myoldfriendandclassmatehasjustcomebackfromabroad.我的老校友刚从国外回来.Thesingeranddancerist

15、oattendourEnglishevening.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会.(8)“Thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。“Anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。(9)neithernor;eitheror；notonlybutalso等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动学习好资料欢迎下载词要遵循就近原则。(10)of+抽象名词=形容词beofimportance=beimportant2.不可数名词量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,

16、some,any等表示多少,例如：TherichmanhasalotofmoneyThereissomemilkinthebottle.IsthereanywaterintheglassIdon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice(2)用apieceof这类定语，例如：apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbreadabottleoforangeaglassofwater(milk)acupofteaacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice如果要表示两杯茶"、四张

17、纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：twocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater不可数名词也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等来修饰。初中英语语法专项习题1-名词1 .()1Shewasveryhappy.Sheinthemathstest.A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake()2Weneedsomemore.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potato

18、esD.potatoe()3areforcuttingthings.A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using()4Whatbigthetigerhas!A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave()6-Canwehavesome?-Yes,please.A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear2()1Theygotmuchfromthosenewbooks.

19、A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories()2Hegaveusonhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice学习好资料欢迎下载()3Whenwesawhisface,weknewwasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsP.news()4Whatlovelyweatheritis!A./B.theC.anD.a3()1-Wouldyouliketea?-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottl

20、esoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges()2Heishungry.Givehimtoeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads()3Itreallytookhim:todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime()4Iwouldliketohave.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.two

21、glassofmilks()5Canyougiveme?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea()6Pleasegivemepaper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()7Johnboughtforhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes4()1-Howmanyhaveyougotonyourfarm?-I'vegotfive.A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken()2Somecam

22、etoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()3.Agroupofwillvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American5()1Thistableismadeof.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass()2-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I'dlike.!A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechi

23、cken()3Childrenshouldmakeforoldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom6()1Tablesaremadeof.A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods()2Iwonderwhyaresointerestedinaction(武才T片)films.学习好资料欢迎下载A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples()3Ihavereadoftheyoungwriter.A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks7()1Let'sme

24、etat7:30outsidethegateof?A.thePeople'sParkB.thePeoples'ParkC.thePeopleParkD.People'sPark()2Chinesepeoplearehardworkingpeople.A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a()3Howmanywerethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples8()1Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller.A.

25、setB.oneC.pieceD.pair()2LastweekIboughtaTV.A.pair.B.setC.pieceD.block()3Thereisaofwoodleftontheground.A.cupB.piece,C.boxD.pair9()1Therearesixty-seveninourschool.A.women'steacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher()2Therearefiveinourfactory.A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.women

26、drivers10()1TheywritemostoftheirinEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()2Wecametoaatlast.andwentin.A.watchshopB.watchesshop,'C.watchingshopD.watchsshop()3Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It'sa.A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop()4S

27、hebrokeawhileshewaswashingup.A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass()5I'veforgottenbothofthe.A.roomnumbers.B.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbersD.roomnumber11.1.September10thisinChina.A.Teacher'sDayB.Teachers'DayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay()2-Isthebroomunderdesk?-No,it'sunder.A.thetea

28、cher's;myB.teacher's;mineC.teacher's;meD.theteacher's;mine()3Excuseme,whereisthe?A.men'sroomB.mens'roomC.men'sroomsD.menrooms学习好资料欢迎下载12()1Thefootballunderthebedis.A.LilyandLucyB.Lily'sandLucy'sC.Lily'sandLucyD.LilyandLucy's()2Thisismydictionary.A.sisterMa

29、ryB.sister'sC.sister,Mary'sD.sister'sMary's()3Hewenttoshoptobuyashirt.A.atailorB.thetailorC.atailorsD.thetailors'()4Joanis.A.Mary'sandJacksisterB.MaryandJack'ssisterC.MaryandJacksisterD.Mary'sandJack'ssister13()1Inafewtime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.ye

30、arB.years'C.year'sD.years()2It'saboutwalkfrommyhouse.A.tenminuteB.tenminutes'C.tenminute'sD.tenminutes()3Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout.A.thirtyminutes'swalkB.thirtyminute'swalkC.thirtyminutes'walkD.thirtyminuteswalk()4HalftelephonecallsaremadeinEnglish.

31、A.theworldB.worldC.theworld'sD.world's14()1facetothesouth.A.WindowsoftheroomB.ThewindowsoftheroomC.Theroom'swindowsD.Thewindowsinroom()2Pleasetaketwo.A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesoftheparkC.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark()3Theworkersarerepairing.A.theroofofthehouseB.aroofofthehouseC.roofofthehouseD.thisroofofhouse15()1MissSmithisafriendof.A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.mother&