阅读理解公开课课件

1、The Skills about Reading ComprehensionQuestions about reading comprehension1. How do you usually do exercises about reading comprehension ?2. What difficulties do you have in doing reading comprehension?3. How can you improve your ability of reading comprehension?阅读理解阅读理解 是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的是英语能力培养的重点

2、项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度阅读速度和和理解的理解的正确率正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。矢，提高命中率。.英语阅读中的误区The Misunderstandings about Reading Comprehension 认为读得越慢，对文章的信息认为读得越慢

3、，对文章的信息就了解越多，理解程度也越高。就了解越多，理解程度也越高。心理学心理学与与心理语言学心理语言学表明：表明：阅读阅读速度速度与与理解正确率理解正确率几乎没有关系。几乎没有关系。即使有，正好相反：即使有，正好相反：速度越快，速度越快，理解率越高理解率越高。加快阅读速度，有。加快阅读速度，有助于把握文章的主旨大意。助于把握文章的主旨大意。误区误区1措施措施1.经常进行限时阅读。不仅注意准确率，更要注重速度，逐渐养成良好的阅读习惯。2.强制把手或笔等物体离开读物。让大脑活动、眼睛转动和手指翻书。3.逐词阅读会割断词与词的联系，要扩大视野(眼睛能看到的范围)，并进行意群阅读。 阅读时将单词读

4、出声来，或阅读时将单词读出声来，或在心里清晰地发出单词的音。在心里清晰地发出单词的音。实验证明，实验证明，默读是朗读的默读是朗读的2 2倍倍。过分过分依赖声音依赖声音而不是而不是语意语意，将，将影响阅读的影响阅读的广度广度和和深度深度。误区误区21.阅读时紧闭双唇。2.有意识地将阅读速度加快到 超过讲话的最快速度。措施措施 阅读英语时，先阅读英语时，先将英文译成母将英文译成母语语然后然后通过母语去理解通过母语去理解所读的内所读的内容。阅读经过多重的翻译环节，容。阅读经过多重的翻译环节，必然会影响阅读速度。必然会影响阅读速度。误区误区3.1、阅读英文时尽量用英语思考所阅读 内容。2、经过大量的限

5、时快速阅读训练，脑 子会自然而然地养成用英语思考问 题的习惯。措施措施 对已读过的内容感到不放心或因对已读过的内容感到不放心或因没看懂，没看懂，再次倒回去读再次倒回去读。倒读次数。倒读次数太多会影响阅读速度。对一篇文章太多会影响阅读速度。对一篇文章的理解一般情况是相对的，的理解一般情况是相对的，并不要并不要求记住每个细节求记住每个细节。误区误区41 1、阅读时建立、阅读时建立只读一遍就能懂只读一遍就能懂的自信心。的自信心。2 2、阅读的首要任务是、阅读的首要任务是理解文章大意理解文章大意。3 3、在阅读过程中目光要、在阅读过程中目光要始终从左到右移动始终从左到右移动。 （除根据题目的要求，确有

6、必要重读某（除根据题目的要求，确有必要重读某 些内容除外。）些内容除外。）措施措施 在平时的阅读训练中在平时的阅读训练中不适当地不适当地、非常频繁地使用英汉词典非常频繁地使用英汉词典, 使一使一篇文章变得支离破碎篇文章变得支离破碎, 不利于整不利于整体把握文章的主旨大意体把握文章的主旨大意, 从而导从而导致阅读效率低下。致阅读效率低下。误区误区51.在进行阅读训练时，选择在词汇和语法 深度上与自己的水平相当的材料。 （生词/10）2.2.采用分析上下文或根据词根、前、后缀 等方法猜词。3.3.完成阅读训练任务后,再去重读该文章， 查出生词的准确含义，并记忆。措施措施主 旨 大 意 题主 旨 大

7、 意 题事实细节题事实细节题 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 题题命题类命题类型型II.II.阅读理解阅读理解四种主要四种主要题型题型: :推推 理理 判判 断断 题题一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1. 干扰项干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。2. 干扰项干扰项 可能是从文中某些可能是从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3. 干扰项干扰项 可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。4.(正确答案正确答案) 是根据文章意思全是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼面理解而归纳概

8、括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。统、言过其实或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?5)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的

9、提问形式:阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练之一之一-主旨大意题主旨大意题Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some

10、 experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American workforce and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的不能满足的）society.练习题练习题细节题细节题解释Question: Which of the foll

11、owing statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for America

12、n autoworkers.文章文章解释【解析】答案为C。take sth. away of sb.和和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常可在首句、尾句、首句和尾句、段落中和以及归纳分析而得出)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论据论据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某个句子、某个段落等细某个词语、某个句子、某个段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问

13、题一般可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。用于用于提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why等等。事事实实细细节节题题解题原则解题原则:忠实于原文的上下文及忠实于原文的上下文及 全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the

14、 passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?5) Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?6) The reason whyis that 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练之二之二-事实细节题事实细节题 Passage2 Passa

15、ge2 The human body is a living machine, and like The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay hea

16、lthy? The energy value of do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie food is usually measured in calories. A calorie ( (卡卡/ /卡路里卡路里)is the amount of heat required to )is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. ra

17、ise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferent, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,

18、100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600练习题解释第三节 Q1) calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?解释文章A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the quantity of calories that a ba

19、by does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the quantity of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same quantity of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the quantity of calories that an office worker does.【解析】Q1)答案为 D D

20、 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275【解析】Q2)答案为 C C 。 据文根章图表，依次验证A、B、C、 D 四个答案的内容是否正确,那么 就很易找出 C 符合图表内容。文章文章同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上它们连接的两项内容在含义上是是接近接近的或的或递进递进的，由此可以推测词义。的，由此可以推测词义。反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，总之，词与词词与词间都起着间都起着互为线索

21、互为线索的作用。的作用。释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以点符号引出并加以解释说明解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测题题情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等1 1）在文章中）在文章中找到有关线索词或找到有关线索词或 信息词信息词;2) 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义根据熟悉的词及词义猜测猜测新新 词之意；词之意； 3 3）根据上下文根据上下文判断新词在判断新词在特定特定 句子中的具体含义。句子中的具体含义。 做题要领做题要领阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练之三之三-词义猜测题词义猜测题

22、Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”？ A. repeat B. hard-working C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as hous

23、ewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance(自立的自立的), and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的应得的,值得的值得的). 解 释第四节解 释 这段文字中讲到这段文字中讲到加纳加纳这个国家中这个国家中的大的大多数多数妇女妇女, ,受过教育的受过教育的( (educatededucated) )和没有和没有受过教育的受过教育的 ( (illiterateilliterate) )；住在城市的住在城市的( (urbanurba

24、n) )和住在农村的和住在农村的( (ruralrural) )，年轻的年轻的（youngyoung）和年长的和年长的( (oldold) )正好是一对对正好是一对对反义词。因此选反义词。因此选 C C 项。项。本题答案选本题答案选C C 推理判断题推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合理解能力。以原文内容以原文内容为前提为前提，要依据作者的作者的观点（非考生观点非考生观点）客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事实给予合理的逻辑推断，或者做出合理的解释。推推理理判判断断型型透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者的思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判

25、断题推理判断题（做题要领） 要求学生即要透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要对文章作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去思考，而不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论得出结论) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)?4. What is the tone (语气语气) of the auth

26、or ?5. What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?6. The passage is intended(想要想要) to _.7. Where would this passage most probably appear(出现出现)? 阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练之四之四-推理判断题推理判断题 Passage4 The concept (n. 观念观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of

27、all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界

28、限界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle w

29、ithout any exercise. 练习题解释解释P5Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor

30、 health.文章文章解析：解析：据前两句可以得知，据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选况变坏，因此答案选 D D 。切记切记: :选出的答案选出的答案一定能在一定能在原文中找到依据或理由原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观不能只凭常识或自己主观上的上的胡乱推测胡乱推测。文章文章Reading Practice Let Them Watch It One hot night last July, when our new baby wouldnt or couldnt sleep, I tried everything I could th

31、ink of: a warm bottle, songs , gentle rocking. Nothing would settle him. Guessing that I had a long night ahead of me, I brought a portable (手提的) TV into his room, figuring that watching the late movie was as good a way as any to kill off the hours until dawn. To my surprise, as soon as the TV lit u

32、p, the baby quieted right down, his little eyes focused (集中) brightly on the tube. Not to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tip-toed (踮起脚尖)out of the room , leaving him to watch the actors celebrate John BeRushis forty-fifty birthday. My wife and I heard more of the baby that night, and the nex

33、t morn-ing when I went into his room , I found him still watching TV himself. I found in my babys behavior a metaphor (暗喻) for the new generation, My wife and I had given him some books to examine, but he merely spit upon (不屑一顾) them. When we read to him , he did not feel comfortable. And so it is i

34、n the schools, We find that our students dont read and they look down upon reading and scold those of us who reach it. All they want to do is watching TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have reached a conclusion:Let them watch it! If television is that much more attractive tochildre

35、n than books, why should we fight it? Let them watch it all they want!1. Why did the author bring a TV set into his sons room? ( )A. To make his son stop crying. B. To spend the night by watching TV programs.C. To leave it to his son. D. To make his son go to sleep as soon as possible. 2. The babys reaction to the TV was _. ( )A. unexpected B. exciting C. awful D.