必修一　Unit1Friendship之知识点讲练

1、要点解读活学巧用一、词汇详解1.add vt.增加;添加;补充说vi.加;加起来;增添【典型例句】The fire is going out; will you add some wood?火快熄了,请你加些木柴好吗?I should add that we are very pleased.我要补充说的是我们非常高兴。Add up these figures,please.请把这些数字加起来。Her arrival added to our pleasure.她的到来增添了我们的快乐。【相关链接】add in算入; 包括add on加到上; 附加; 包括add to 增加,加到add up加

2、起来,总计add up to总计共达; (总起来看)等于说单项填空(1)The pair of giant pandas called Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan the pleasant atmosphere at the Spring Festival Evening Party.A.added B.added to C.added in D.added on提示:added to在此句中表示“增添了春节晚会的愉快气氛”。答案:B(2)_is known to all,good friends_happiness and value to life.A.It;add B

3、.As;add C.It;add up D.As;add to提示:as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”。句中已有介词to,所以只能用add。答案:B2.point n.点;尖端;分数【典型例句】It looks like the point of a needle.它像是针尖。 Do you have a pencil with a sharper point?你有尖一点的铅笔吗?Our team scored five points.我们队得了五分。【相关链接】(1)point作名词用时,可用于引申义,意为“有意义;有道理;要点”。例如:I cant see the point of w

4、hat you said.我看不出你说的话有什么意义。(2)point还可作动词用,意为“指向;指出来”。例如:Its rude to point your fingers at people.用手指指人是很不礼貌的。The hands of the clock then pointed to half past three.那时时针指向三点半。He pointed out that they were mistaken.他指出他们错了。(3)point构成的短语:on the point of doing sth.正想做某事point at sth.指向某物point to 指向(强调方向)

5、point out指出;把注意力引向in point of就而言;关于make a point of 特别注意to the point 切题单项填空(1)The most important_of his speech was that we should all work for the people whole-heartedly.A.element B.spot C.sense D.point 提示:point在这里是“要点；要领”的意思。sense意思是“意识,意思”,element意思是“元素”。答案:D(2)It is bad manners to talk to other pe

6、rsons with your_him or her.A.pointing to B.pointing at C.pointing out D.pointing on提示:point out的意思是“指出”,point to 和point at 都有“指着”的意思,然而point at多指具体的东西,而point to侧重方向。答案:B(3)Im glad youve come;I am_telephoning you.A.at the point of B.to the point of C.on the point of D.in the point of提示:句意:你来了我真高兴,我正想

7、给你打电话呢。on the point of意为“正要做某事”。 答案:C3.upset vt.&vi.(upset,upset;upsetting)使不安;使心烦adj.心烦意乱的;不适的;不舒服的【典型例句】Dont upset yourselfno harm has been done.不要难过并没有造成伤害。Im always upset when I dont get any mail.我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。He has an upset stomach.他胃不舒服。【知识小结】upset作动词用,其现在分词upsetting意为“令人不安的”;过去分词upset已

8、转化为形容词,在句中可作表语或定语。【相关链接】(1)upset作动词用时,也可表示“打翻,弄翻”。例如:I upset the soup all over the table.我把汤打翻在桌上了。(2)upset作名词用时,意为“翻倒;倾覆;推翻心烦意乱”。例如:She had a major emotional upset.她情绪上受到了沉重的打击。完成句子（1）他因为儿子的意外事故而十分懊恼。He_his sons accident.(2)这坏天气会把我们野餐的计划打乱。The bad weather will_for a picnic.(3)她把茶打翻在桌子上。She_over the

9、 table.(4)人家没有邀请他，他很不痛快。He was_not being invited.答案：（1）was upser by/over(2)upset our plan(3)upset her/the tea(4)upset at4.ignore vt.不理睬；不顾【典型例句】Ignore the child if he misbehaves,and he will soon stop.孩子胡闹时，别去理他，不久他就会不闹了。He ignored the doctors advice.他不顾医生的忠告。【相关链接】ignorance n.无知；不知be in ignorance of

10、 sth.不知某事from ignorance 出于无知单项填空I tried to persuade him not to keep in touch with her,but what I said was always_.A.accepted B.received C.ignored D.noticed提示：accept“接受”；receive “收到”；ignore“不理睬”；notice“注意到”。根据句意“我竭力劝他不要和她联系，可他总是不听”可知答案。答案：C5.calm adj.平静的;镇静的;沉着的vt.&vi.(使)平静;(使)镇定【典型例句】You should

11、keep calm even in face of danger.即使面临危险,你也应当保持镇静。The high wind passed and the sea was calm again.大风过后,大海又恢复了平静。Have a brandy and itll help to calm you (down).来点儿白兰地，它能使你静下来。【相关链接】(1)calm构成的短语:calm down使平息,使平静Keep calm!安静!保持镇静!the calm before the storm暴风雨前的平静(2)calm/quiet/still/silent的区别:calm常指天气平静、无

12、风,海无浪,心境镇定,无忧虑,镇静自若,强调外表等。quiet “静止的、宁静的,没有激动、烦恼、忧虑的”,强调没有扰乱,没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。例如:Ask the children to make less noise and keep quiet.让孩子们小点声,保持安静。still “静止不动”“平静”,突出不发出动作。例如:Please stand still while I am ready to take the photograph.站着别动,我给你们照相。silent “声音极小的、沉默的、寡言的”。例如:John is a silent,thoughtf

13、ul boy.约翰是个不爱讲话,喜欢思考的孩子。选词填空calm/still/quiet/silent(1)Although she was frightened,she answered with a_voice.(2)The house was_because every-one was asleep.(3)The roads are usually_in the afternoon.(4)After the storm it became_again.(5)It was very late and the night was_.(6)There was no wind and the t

14、rees were_.答案:(1)calm(2)silent(3)quiet(4)calm(5)still(6)still单项填空（7）The waters of the lake were so_that it looked like glass.A.silent B.calm C.still D.quiet提示:silent强调“没有声音”;calm强调心情的平静或没有波动,因此符合题意;still强调没有走动,如stand still;quiet强调井然有序。答案:B6.concern vt 涉及;关系到n.关心;关注;(利害)关系【典型例句】These problems concern

15、 all of us.这些问题影响到我们每一个人。He was concerned in the crime.他与那起犯罪案件有牵连。Were rather concerned about fathers health.我们相当担心父亲的健康。We are not concerned with this accident.我们与这次事故没有任何关系。Thats no concern of mine.那不关我的事。【相关链接】(1)concern构成的习语:as/so far as.be concerned 关于;至于;就而言be concerned about 关心be concerned o

16、ver sth.为某事忧虑be concerned in sth.和某事有牵连be concerned with牵涉到,与有关；参与everyday concerns 日常事务have a concern in和有利害关系have no concern for毫不关心have no concern with 和毫无关系it is no concern of mine 这不关我（你）的事of much concern 很重要；很有关系of no concern无关紧要；没有意义(2)concerning prep. 关于We read stories concerning visitors fr

17、om outer space.我们读了关于天外来客的故事。单项填空(1)The speech which he made_the football match bored a lot of fans to death.A.being concerned B.be concerned C.concerned D.concerning提示:concerning在此句中是介词作定语,修饰speech。答案:D(2)_Im concerned,they have no way of keeping away from the danger.A.As long as B.As far as C.Just

18、 as D.Even if提示:as far as.be concerned是固定短语,意为“就而言”。答案:B翻译句子(3)你最好不要介入这种事。Youd better not_such things.(4)他做什么都不关我的事。 What he does is_.(5)她一生都从事于照料穷人的工作。She has_caring for the poor all her life.答案:(3)concern yourself in/with (4)no concern of mine(5)been concerned in/with7.pay for 付钱;支付;付出代价;受惩罚【典型例句】

19、I paid 1000 for this house.我买这所房子花了一千英镑。 Im quite able to pay for this suit.这套衣服的钱我完全付得起。 He will have to pay for this foolish behaviour.他将要为这种愚蠢行为而受到惩罚。 【知识小结】pay后面接要付的钱数或表示代价的名词;for后面接表示目的性的名词作宾语。【相关链接】pay back 偿还;报复pay off 还清(债务);得到回报;成功pay out 花费;支出介副词填空(1)How can I pay you_for all your kindness

20、?(2)You will pay_your dishonesty.(3)They have paid_a lot on repairing that house.(4)Can you lend me some moneyI can pay you_tomorrow.(5)After all these years,weve at last paid all our debts.(6)Our plan certainly paid_,it was a great idea.答案:(1)back(2)for(3)out(4)back(5)off(6)off8.should have done st

21、h.本来该做某事【典型例句】You should have kept the matches under lock and key.你本应该把火柴保管好的。The flowers have died.I should have watered them often.这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给他们浇水的。(其实没浇水)【知识小结】叙述现在或将来应该做某事时,用“should+do”;叙述过去的情况,表示“本来应该做而实际上没有做的事情”,用should have done sth.形式。【相关链接】(1)ought to have done sth.=should have done sth

22、.本来应该做某事,而实际上没有完成。例如：You ought to have told me of the bad news earlier.你应该及早告诉我这个坏消息。(2)should和ought to还可用来表示推断,意为“想必；应当”。例如：They should be home by now.他们现在应当已经到家了。 Theres a fine sunset;it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。(3)should还可表示说话者的惊奇,意为“竟然”。例如:Its strange that she should have c

23、heated in the exam.她竟然在考试中作弊真是奇怪。单词填空(1)Oh,I am not feeling well in the stomach.I_so much fried chicken just now.A.shouldnt eat B.mustnt have eaten C.shouldnt have eaten D.mustnt eat 答案:C(2)I was really anxious about you.You_home without a word.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have left

24、D.neednt leave 提示:句意:你不应该一句话没说就离开家。含有责备的意思,做了不应该做的事情。答案:B(3)We were all surprised that Tom_have got the highest mark in the maths test.A.could B.should C.might D.would提示:should 在此句中表示说话者感到惊奇。答案:B9.share vt.分享;均分;分担n.一份;份额【典型例句】The money was shared out between them.这笔钱由他们两人分。Can I share the room with

25、 you tonight?今晚我可不可以与你同住一个房间？We shared in his joy.我们分享了他的喜悦。I have done my share of the work.我已经做了我分内的工作。【相关链接】share构成的短语:share out （among/between）分配have/take a (ones) share 分担; 参加share.with.与共享/共用/共同承担share in 共同承担/共享单项填空(1)Can you do a bit for the plan?Sorry,Ive no time_and I cant_the cost of it.A

26、.spare;share B.to spare;share C.share;spare D.to share;spare提示:spare表示“抽出(时间、金钱)”;第二个空用share意为“分担”。答案:B(2)Every one of us agrees to take a_in the rent.A.money B.share C.part D.pay提示:句意:我们每个人都同意共同承担租金。share在此句中是名词,意为“一份”。答案:B10.go through 经历；经受；仔细检查；用完；被通过；参加；搜查；履行【典型例句】I went through the students pa

27、pers last night.昨晚我仔细批阅了学生的作业。You really dont know what we went through while working on this project.你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。【相关链接】常用带go的短语：go in for.爱好go with.与调和go on继续；发生go out熄灭go by经过go ahead前进；好吧go over走过去；仔细检查；复习填空(1)We shall have to_if we are to make a success

28、 of it.(2)If you think you can solve the problem,_.(3)He_and begged for mercy.(4)The bomb_and killed ten people.(5)A lot of students_playing basketball,football or volleyball.(6)How did you_in your examination?答案：(1)go all out(2)go ahead(3)went down on his knees(4)went off(5)go in for(6)go on11.set

29、down 放下；写下；记下【典型例句】It is unnecessary to set down everything your teacher told in the class.没有必要把老师在课上说的所有内容都记下来。The bus stopped to set down an old lady.公共汽车停下来让一位老妇人下车。【相关链接】常用带set的短语：set up建立；创立；树立set out to do/set about doing sth.开始/着手做某事set off/out for/to a place 出发去某地set off出发；使爆炸；引起set aside/by

30、 保留，贮存set sb.free 释放某人set fire to点火填空(1)I still remembered the day when the enemy came and_all the houses.(2)That evening he_writing the report.(3)Well_for Shanghai some day next week.(4)The prisoners were_.(5)The first TV station was_in Beijing in 1958.答案：(1)set fire to(2)set about(3)set out/off(4)

31、set free(5)set up12.could have done sth. 本来能够做某事;可能做了某事【典型例句】You could have finished the work in time.你本来能够按时完成工作的。He couldnt have been so careless.他不可能那么粗心。【相关链接】情态动词+have done sth.(1)“may(might) have+done sth.”“can (could) have+done sth.”,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。要注意,can have done只能用在疑问句和否定句中。例如：Philip may

32、(might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.菲利浦可能在那次交通事故中受了重伤。(2)“must have done sth.”表示对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”的意思。例如：Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.琳达已上班了,但她的自行车仍然在这儿。She must have gone by bus.她肯定是坐公共汽车去的。要注意：must have have done的否定形式是cant have done。(3)ought to ha

33、ve done sth.,should have done sth. 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定式表示“不该做某事而做了”。例如：He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他本不该扔掉这些旧衣服。(事实上已扔了)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。(4)neednt have done sth.本没必要做某事。例如：It is warm today.You neednt have worn your coat.今天天气暖和,你本来不必穿大衣的。单项填空(1)I stayed at a hotel while in N

34、ew York.Oh,did you?You_with Barbara.A.could have stay B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stay提示:could have 是对过去事实的虚拟,表达了与过去事实相反的情况。答案:A(2)Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion,otherwise she something she would regret later.A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said 提示:只有D项能表达该做而没做的虚拟语气。答

35、案:D(3)I rang your home yesterday.A man answered but I didnt recognize the voice.Oh,it my brother,Peter.A.must be B.must have been C.can have been D.might be提示:根据“我昨天朝你家里打的电话”，这是对过去情况的推测判断,应该用must have done结构。答案:B(4)He is not poor.You_have lent him the money.A.cant B.neednt C.couldnt D.mustnt 答案:B13.

36、in order to 为了【典型例句】Every day she listens to English over the radio in order to improve her pronunciation.她每天听英语广播,为了提高英语发音水平。In order not to be late,I got up very early.为了不迟到,我早起床了。【相关链接】(1)in order to与so as to的区别:so as to 和 in order to 后接动词表示目的,相当于动词不定式表目的的用法,它们不同的地方在于:in order to短语可用在句首,而so as to

37、短语不能。例如：He ran quickly so as not to be caught.他跑得很快以便不被逮着。In order not to be caught,he ran quickly.(2)in order that与so that的区别:in order that只能引导目的状语从句，而so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。在目的状语从句中,谓语用“could/might/would+do”。例如：He hurried home in order that he could watch the “Super Girl” programme.他急忙赶回家,目的是能及时收看

38、到“超女”节目。单项填空(1)All these gifts must be mailed immediately_in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receiveC.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving提示:in order to和so as to都可在句末表示目的,但只有C项是被动形式。答案:C(2)He kept silent about the boss dishonest behavior his job.A.in order not to

39、 lose B.so not as to loseC.so as to lose not D.no so as to lose提示:in order to和so as to的否定形式是在to前面加not。答案:A14.dare vt.敢;胆敢【典型例句】I dare to jump down from the top of the wall.我敢从墙头上跳下来。 She doesnt dare (to) meet her teachers eyes.她不敢与老师对视。How dare she do things like that to me?她怎么敢对我做那种事?Dare you catch

40、 the mouse?你敢去抓那只老鼠吗？ I darent do that.我不敢抓。 She dared not go alone on the street at night.夜晚,她不敢独自走在街上。If you dare say that to our teacher,youll be punished.如果你敢向我们的老师说那件事,就会受到惩罚。【知识小结】dare用作实义动词,后接动词不定式,在否定句中,可省略to,且dare有人称和数以及时态的变化。dare用作情态动词,后跟动词原形,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中,没有人称、数的变化,但有时态变化。【相关链接】(1)dare

41、作及物动词用时,还可表示“敢于面对;挑战”。例如:She dared the anger of her father.她不怕惹她父亲发火。He dared me to jump over the stream.他激我跳过小溪。(2)dare作名词用时,意为“挑战;激将”。例如:I took his dare to jump.我接受他的挑战而跳了。(3)dare构成的习语:I dare say （作插入语用）我想；大概；可能；或许take a dare<口>接受挑战(特指去做危险事或蠢事)dare sb.to do sth.(挑战用语)估计某人不敢(或没有能力)做某事完成句子(1)他

42、不敢把车停放在那里。He did not_his car there.(2)我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。 I wonder how he_such things.(3)我谅你不敢双手撒把骑着自行车通过大门。I_your bike through the gate with no hands.(4)我认为今天要下雨。I_it will rain today.(5)即使你敢(做)我也不让你做。 I wont let you do it_.答案:(1)dare(to) leave (2)dares to say/dare say(3)dare you to ride(4)dare say(5)ev

43、en if you dare (do it)单项填空(6)Mary came into the house nervously,_to lift her head.A.not daring B.darednt C.daring not D.didnt dare提示:作实义动词用的dare才有各种形式的变化。答案:A(7)Jemmy likes to hang about in the street and doesnt do his job.I_he will be dismissed by his boss.A.dare to say B.must say C.need to say D.d

44、are say提示:dare say是习惯说法。表示“敢说”,此情况下不用dare to say。答案:D15.suffer vt.&vi.遭受；蒙受；受痛苦【典型例句】They suffered a lot in the flood.在洪水中他们遭受了很大的损失。The peasants suffered from heavy taxes and hunger at that time.在那时农民受重税和饥饿之苦。She was suffering from light infection and sore throat.她患有轻度感染，咽喉疼。【知识归纳】suffer用作及物动词时

45、，意为“遭受；蒙受”，后接pain，defeat,loss,poverty,hunger等名词。用作不及物动词时，意为“受痛苦”，常用句型“suffer from.”。【相关链接】suffering n.痛苦；苦难单项填空(1)All the villagers_great damage due to the earthquake.A.caused B.led to C.suffered D.suffered from提示:句意:由于地震,所有的村民遭受了巨大的损失。suffer意为“遭受”时，为不及物动词。答案:C(2)How is she recently?She has been_a h

46、igh fever for several days.A.suffering B.suffering from C.fallen D.catching提示：suffer from a high fever发高烧。答案：B16.get along/on with【典型例句】How are you getting along with your work?工作进展如何？Tom gets on very nicely with his classmates.汤姆同他的同学相处得很好。The project is getting on much better now.工程进展得顺利多了。【知识小结】(

47、1)sb.get（s) along/on with sb.与相处(2)sth. be getting along/on “某事进展（如何）”，问某人做某事进展如何，用现在进行时。【相关链接】get through 完成get in 进入；收割get over 克服（困难）get away 逃脱get off 下车单项填空（1）My parents are wondering_I can get along with my new classmates.A.how B.what C.that D.where提示:get along with意义不完整,需要加方式状语how。答案:A（2）Read

48、ers can_quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A.get over B.get in C.get along D.get through提示：get over 克服（困难）；get in 进入；get along 进展，进行；get through 完成，通过。从题意及这四个动词短语的意思可知答案。答案：C二、句型剖析1.get sth.done=have sth.done【典型例句】I have to get my bicycle repaired.我得把自行车修一修。(是叫别人去修)Have you go

49、t your homework finished?你完成你的作业了吗?(完成动作的主语是you)【知识小结】get sth. done,get是使役动词,在意义上相当于have,意为“使”;done与sth.是被动关系。【相关链接】(1)get+宾语+doing 使开始处于某种状态Ill get the car going.我要使车发动起来。(2)get sb. to do sth.=have sb. do sth.使得或劝服某人做某事He got many people to help him.他使得许多人帮助他。完成句子(1)他让他妹妹帮他做家庭作业。He got_him with his homework.(2)我简直无法叫她开口说话。I cant get_at all.(3)你能把这机器发动起来吗?Can you get_?(4)爬山使我们都累了The climb got .(5)他急于把这件事办好。 He was anxious to get_.(6)你能使这个钟重新走起来吗？Can you get_again?答案:(1)his sister to help(2)her to talk(3)the machine