五年高考+三年联考 英语 阅读理解分类汇编 ：人物传记类

1、人物传记类第一部分 五年高考题荟萃Passage 1(09·浙江E篇)Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasnt mucha picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists

2、James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out. Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadnt been there, the others couldnt have come up with the structure.” One rea

3、son Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cuttin

4、g up shapes of DNAs parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at Kings College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape. But Wilkins and Franklins relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Wats

5、on and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered

6、 Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”As Franklins competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. I

7、n 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution.” No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other p

8、layer to solving the structure of DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.57. What is the text main

9、ly about? A. The disagreements among DNA researchers. B. The unfair treatment of Franklin. C. The process of discovering DNA. D. The race between two teams of scientists.58. Watson was angry with Franklin because she . A. took the lead in the competition B. kept her results from him C. proved some o

10、f his findings wrong D. shared her data with other scientists59. Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”? A. She developed pictures in dark labs. B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA. C. Her name was forgotten after her death. D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.60. What

11、is the writers attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick? A. Disapproving. B. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.答案 57.B 58.C 59.D 60.APassage 2(09·重庆B篇)How to Be a WinnerSir Steven RedgraveWinner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病). Believing my caree

12、r（职业生涯） was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was to no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it -the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isnt difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prov

13、e to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”Karen PickeringSwimming World Champion “I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-you cant follow a career in any field without being well

14、-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and youll be a step closer to achieving them.”Kirsten BestPoet & Writer“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something. Then,

15、 there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as calm, peace or focus, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become s

16、econd nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological（心理的） tool”60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?A. Difficulties influenced his career.B. Specialists offered him medical advice.C. Training helped him defeat his disease.D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.61. What does

17、Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?A. Her training schedule.B. Her daily happenings.C. Her achievements.D. Her sports career.62.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？A. Ways that help one to focus.B. Words that help one to feel less tense.C. Activities that turn one'

18、;s attention away.D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?A. Courage.B. Devotion.C. Hard work.D. Self-confidence.答案 60.D 61.A 62.C 63.DPassage 3(09·宁夏、海南B篇)Computer programmer David Jones earns $35.000 a year designing n

19、ew computer games. yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card（信用卡）Instead he has been told to wait another two years until he is 18. The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job Davids firm releases（推出）two n

20、ew games for the fast growing computer market each monthBut Davids biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot he cannot drive a car take out a mortgage（抵押贷款）,or get credit cards David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago ,a year after leaving sc

21、hool with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. “I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs” he said David spends some of his money on records and clothes and gives his mother 50 pounds a week But most of his spare time is spent worki

22、ng.“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school “ he said “But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway” David added :”I

23、would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement（退休）is a possibility You never know when the market might disappear.”60In what way is David different from people of his age?AHe often goes out with friendsBHe lives with his motherCHe has a handsome incomeDHe graduated with six O-levels61Wh

24、at is one of the problems that David is facing now?AHe is too young to get a credit cardBHe has no time to learn drivingCHe has very little spare timeDHe will soon lose his job62Why was David able to get the job in the company?AHe had done well in all his examsBHe had written some computer programsC

25、He was good at playing computer gamesDHe had learnt to use computers at school63Why did David decide to leave school and start working?AHe received lots of job offersBHe was eager to help his motherCHe lost interest in school studiesDHe wanted to earn his own living答案 60.C 61.A 62.B 63.CPassage 4(09

26、·陕西B篇)When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation（报告）. Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate （交流） effectively. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time spee

27、chwriter for a U. S. president; he is so the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for White House. His is an all-American story of success. Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland; his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress. A. great reader, Edmonds showed a

28、 gift for writing at his high School, Baltimore City College After graduating in 1967 Edmonds went on to Morgan State University Edmonds began his career in business, with jobs in public relations and communications. He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman （国会议员） from B

29、altimore During Bill Clintons presidency, he wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of job in the White House and in governmental departments President Clinton then appointed （任命）him to the office of directory of speechwriting Following the 2000 e

30、lections Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the schools special assistant to the president for 2001-2002 45. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A. Edmonds proved himself to be good at writing at high school B. Edmonds graduated from Morgan State University i

31、n 1967. C. Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter. D. Edmonds served the White House after 2000. 46.Edmonds entered the world of politics first as . A. news secretary for a Congressman B. a speechwriter for President Clinton C. news secretary in the White House D. a speechwriter for Secretary

32、Donna Shalala 47. The text is most likely to be found in a book about . A. popular science B. historical events C. successful people D, Political systems 答案 45.A 46.A 47.CPassage 5(08·广东C篇)Napoleon,as a character in Tolstoys War and Peace,is more than once described as having“fat little hands.”

33、Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.”He is said to be “undersized,”with “short legs” and a “round stomach”.The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoys descriptionit seems not that far off from historical accountsbut his choice of facts:other things that could be said of the man are not s

34、aid.We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman.Tolstoys Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his noseand that is the point.It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a

35、 character.And it turns out that,as Tolstoy has it,Napoleon is a crazy man.In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace,the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar (沙皇),who has come with peace terms.Napoleon is very angry:doesnt he have more army?

36、He,not the Tsar,is the one to make the terms.He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped,“That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!”he shouts.And then,Tolstoy writes,Napoleon“walked silently several times up and down the room,his fat shoulders moving quickly.”Still later,

37、after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds,Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner.“He raised his hand to the Russians.face,” Tolstoy writes,and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently.”.To have ones ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French

38、 court.“Well,well,why dont you say anything?”said he,as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself,Napoleon.Tolstoy did his research,but the composition is his own.51.Tolstoys description of Napoleon in War and Peace is .A.far from the historical factsB.based on the Russian

39、historyC.based on his selection of factsD.not related to historical details52.Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because .A.he thought he should be the one to make the peace termsB.the Tsars peace terms were hard to acceptC.the Russians stopped his military movementD.he did

40、nt have any more army to fight with53.What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?A.To walk out of the room in anger.B.To show agreement with him.C.To say something about the Tsar.D.To express his admiration.54.Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is .A.ill-mannered in dea

41、ling with foreign guestsB.fond of showing off his iron willC.determined in destroying all of EuropeD.crazy for power and respect55.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A.A writer doesnt have to be faithful to his findings.B.A writer may write about a hero in his own way.C.A writer may no

42、t be responsible for what he writes.D.A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.答案 51.B 52.C 53.B 54.A 55.BPassage 6(08·山东C篇)It was the summer of 1965.DeLuca,then 17,visited Peter Buck,a family friend.Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future.“Im going to college,but I need a

43、way to pay for it,” DeLuca recalls saying.“Buck said,You should open a sandwich shop.”That afternoon,they agreed to be partners.And they set a goal:to open 32 stores in ten years.After doing some research,Buck wrote a check for $1,000.DeLuca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut,and when they coul

44、dnt cover their start-up costs,Buck kicked in another $1,000.But business didnt go smoothly as they expected.DeLuca says,“After six months,we were doing poorly,but we didnt know how badly,because we didnt have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their c

45、osts.DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time.Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York.Theyd meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running.“We convinced ourselves to open a second store.We figured

46、we could tell the public,We are so successful,we are opening a second store.” And they didin the spring of 1966.Still,it was a lot of learning by trial and error.But the partners learn-as-you go approach turned out to be their greatest strength.Every Friday,DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver

47、 the checks to pay their suppliers.“It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasnt necessary,but as a result,the suppliers got to know me very well,and the personal relationships established really helped out,” DeLuca says.And having a goal was also important.“There are so many problems that

48、can get you down.You just have to keep working toward your goal,” DeLuca adds.DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich,the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.67.DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to .A.support his familyB.pay for his college educationC.help his partner expand businessD

49、.do some research68.Which of the following is true of Buck?A.He put money into the sandwich business.B.He was a professor of business administration.C.He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.D.He rented a storefront for DeLuca.69.What can we learn about their first shop?A.It stood at an unfa

50、vorable place.B.It lowered the prices to promote sales.C.It made no profits due to poor management.D.It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.70.They decided to open a second store because they .A.had enough money to do itB.had succeeded in their businessC.wished to meet the increasing deman

51、d of customersD.wanted to make believe that they were successful71.What contributes most to their success according to the author?A.Learning by trial and error.B.Making friends with suppliers.C.Finding a good partner.D.Opening chain stores.答案 67.B 68.A 69.C 70.D 71.APassage 7(08·山东D篇)Melissa Po

52、e was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush.Through her own efforts,her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards (广告牌) across the country.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids Fo

53、r A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300,000 members of Kids F.A.C.E. worldwide and it is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a “Childrens Forest” project in every national park.In 1992,she was invited

54、 as one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program.In 1993,she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.Since the organization started,Kids F.A.C.E.members have distributed and planted over 1 million tr

55、ees!Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kids Yardsthe creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地)and now Kids F.A.C.E.is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey,which is a great way to start helping.“Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get involved with the environment.Club me

56、mbers started doing things like recycling,picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting other kids to join their club.”“We try to tell kids that its not OK to be lazy,” she explains.“You need to start being a responsible,environmentally friendly person now,right away,before you become a r

57、esource-sucking adult.”72.Kids F.A.C.E.is .A.a program to help students with writingB.a project of litter recyclingC.a campaign launched by President BushD.a club of environmental protection73.What can we learn about Poe?A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.B.She donated billboards across the country.C.She got positive responses for her efforts.D.She joined the National Park Service.74.Kids Yards is .A.established in a national parkB.started to protect wildlifeC.a wildlife-raising projectD.an entertainment pa