高中英语选修8第一单元知识小结

1、第一单元 知识小结1 .as many as 后接可数名词He can speak as many as ten languages.as much as 后接不可数名词 如 金钱、降雨量as well as也，还，而且 as far as直至山 至U , ,什么程度 as long as只要，如果as soon as possible 尽可能快地as early as possible 尽可能早的2 . East west south north可以作名词，表示方位，与介词连用 on 指接壤 in 在范围内 to 不接壤 （可以作副词 但是不与介词和冠词连用）Japan lies to th

2、e east of China.= East of China lies Japan.China lies in the east of Asia.3 .live on 继续生存 继续存在 除此以外还有以、什么为主食；靠什么过活后接 表示食物、人、收入等The soldiers lived on wild plants.4. means 手段；方法A car is a means of getting there.Means 单复数同行，其作主语时，谓语动词的单复形式要根据句子的具体含义来定。Every means has been tried.All means are unpleasant

3、.Sheep ,deer, fish ,Japanese, aircraft, species, series 等5. majority 做主语时，若强调整体，谓语用单数，如强调团队中的一分子，谓语要用复数。My family is very large.His family are waiting for him （class family team group government crowd crewpublic）6. keep up 坚持 维持 沿袭（风俗传统等）相关词汇： keep an eye on keep away keep back keep from doing keep

4、sb in mind keep off keep up with keep down7. The book is by far the best. 最高级可以被序数词以及much by far nearly almost修饰8. population 问人口多少时要用 large 或 big 人口少 时要用 small 不能使用many /much /few /littleHave a population of 表示有人口多少提问时 要有 what9. be know for be know as be know toBe know for 因为什么而出名 be know as 作为什么而出

5、名 be know to 对于谁是出名Hangzhou is known for its beautiful.Hangzhou is known to everyone.10. none /nobody /nothingNone 既可指人又可指物 与 of 连用作主语时，谓语用单数或复数均可以。None of us has been to Macao.No one 指没有人 nothing 没有任何东西作主语谓语动词 只能用单数。11. possible/ probable/ likelyProbable 和 possible 作形容词，只能修饰事/物；而likely 既可以作形容词又可以做副

6、词。可以修饰物也可以修饰人。 Probable>likely>possibleHe is likely to come.= It is likely that he will come .12. die from/ die of/ die with/ die for/ die by1 ) Die from 意为“由于、而死亡”外部原因(如缺乏食物、事故、意外、过量饮酒等)2 ) die of 多死于内因 (情感、疾病、饥饿等)3 ) die with 表示多死于某种精神因素 也可以用取代 die of4 ) die for 为了什么而死5 ) die by 死于暴力相关词汇： di

7、e down 变弱，平息，消失die away 减弱，淡化 die off 相继死去die out 灭绝13. age/time/dayAge 可以表示时代，但通常都用做单数并大写。 Age 做复数时，可以表示为“长时间”，相当于for o long timethe Ice Age 冰河世纪time 表示“时代”常用复数形式，但是也用单数形式It happened at the time of King Alfred.Day 可以表示历史的一段时期，还可以表示在人的一生中某一特定的、独特的一段时间。In my school day14. fight for/fight with /fight

8、againstFight 表示“打仗，战斗、和、 、作斗争”Fight for 为什么斗争fight with 和谁并肩作战 fight against 为反对什么而斗争Struggle 有同样的用法15. it is believed thatIt 作主语， That 引导主语从句。类似的还有： it is said that /it is hoped that/ it is ordered that / it is supposed that /it is well-known that /it is reported thatIt is said that the story is tr

9、ue.16. before long / long beforeBefore long 不久以后 常用于将来和过去时before long they did not have to worry about their children.Long before 很久以前常用于过去式We heard of the story long before.16.1 t was(not) + 段时间 +before 从句没过多久就、常用于过去时It will(not) be+ 段时间 +before 从句再过多久、久一般将来时It was seven days before everything retu

10、rned to normal.Before 引导的时间状语从句时，从句中不能使用将来时，需要用一般现在时表示将来。18.apply 的用法a. 请求，向、申请apply (to sb) for sthb.施用，涂抹，贴c. 被用于，合适apply sth to sthd. 应用于 apply sth to sththe doctor applied the laser to the operation.e.专心从事，专心致力于、 、apply oneself toHe apply himself to the study.19.occur发生，出现It occur to sb to do st

11、h 突然想起要做某事Sth occur to sb 突然想起某事It occur to sb that 某人突然想起It occurs to me to buy some food.Occur 主要是 偶然的 无被动形式 与 happen 相似Happen 表示发生 无意的 无被动形式Take place 通常是按计划、安排发生的事，无被动形式Break out 通常是 火灾 战争 疾病等的爆发 无被动形式20 .consist of 组成，构成Consist 不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态Consist in 在于，主要是The beauty of this picture consist

12、 in its balance of colures.21 .take in欺骗，理解，领会，该小Can you take in the meaning of the word?相关短语Take away 拿走，掠去take back 拿回，带回 take down 拆除 take on 呈现，具有 take out 拿出，取出 take over 接管 take up 占据，从事take off 移开，成名，成功22 . 很多，许多A number of /dozens of/ scores of 后/接可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复 数。A great number of stude

13、nts like football.A great deal of, a large amount of 后 ,接不可数名词，作主语，谓语动词用单数 A quantity of 可接可数名词和不可数名词 谓语取决于后面的名词Quantities of 后面名词无论单复 谓语都用复数形式Quantities of apples supplied to the children.23 .rather than other than more thanRather than 而是 常见结构prefer to do .rather than do 宁愿做。而不做。Would do, rather th

14、an do 宁愿做也不做Other than 除了 相当于 but/ exceptYou can go there other than by swimmingMore than 超过 不止是24.ifif not 如果不是if possible 如果可能的话ifIf so 如果这样if any 假如有necessary 如果必要的话25 强调句结构 it is /was + 被强调的部分+that/who/whom+ 剩余部分强调句可以强调主语、宾语、状语等，A. 强调主语， 主语为人称代词，主格不变。B. 强调状语时，不能用 where ， when, why 等，用 that 代替C.

15、强调句中， be 动词随句子时态变化而变化。D. 强调句的一般疑问句， is/was + 被强调部分+that/who/whom+ 剩余部分本单元语法名词性从句练习1 . _ of the village _two small lakes.A .the east b. east, lies c. the east, lies d. east, lie2 .Peter s jacket looked just the same as Jacks ,but it cost _his.a. as much twice as b. twice as much as c. much as twice a

16、s d. as twice much as3. I like this jacket better than that one, but it coasts almost three times_a. as much b. as many c. so much d. so many4. Just use this room for the time being, and we will offer you a larger one_ it becomes available.a. when b. while c. then d. that5. She was too sad to _ her

17、tears when she heard the sad news.a. keep up b. keep out c. keep back d. keep away6. Smell the flowers before you go to sleep and you must just_ sweet dreams.a. keep up with b. put up with c. end up with d. catch up with7. It looks like the weather is changing for_ .shall we stick to out plan?A. the

18、 worse b. worse c. the worst d. worst8. _the population of China?About 1.3 billiona. what is b. how many c. how much is d. what are9.Many of the earth s plants and animals have already _, and several other species are endangered.a. died away b. died out c. died off d. died up10.1 t is _ to rain .It

19、is cloudy.a. likely b. probably c. possibly d. probable11.1 felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I could not face_ day like that.a. other b. another c. the other d. others12 . Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.a. seated b. seating

20、c. to seat d. seat13 .John thinks it won t be long _ he is ready for his new job.a. when b. after c. before d. since14 .John s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work_ have made him what he is today.a. why b. when c. which d. that15 . Did not it _to you to phone them about it?a. happen b. occur c. take place d. break out 16. It_ that I met her on my way home.a. took place b. occurred d. happened d. broke out17. It never occurred to me _ you can succeed in persuading him to change