专题08阅读理解四大题型、提高训练2019年高考英语阅读理解四选一七选五专题突破解析版

1、2019阅读理解匹选一七选五专题突破08阅读琏铎匹大题玉(1).提高训练4阅读理解四大题型(1)阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理)。其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给考生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从

2、原文中找到确切的依据。我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。1 .事实细节题属于细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。这类题型的主要提问方式常为：Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再

3、读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because,since,as等;表转折关系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。2.猜测词义题在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速

4、度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：(1)根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义在be,becalled,call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如：Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.通过理解定语从句的意思,能猜出herdsman是牧人”。(2)根据对比关系猜测生词的词义在but,however,ye

5、t,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如：ThoughTonrisfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.和clean意思相对的便是肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是肮脏的“。(3)通过因果关系猜测词义because,since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so.that与such.that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子

6、中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是修剪”之意。(4)根据生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示枯委。(5)根据同等关系猜测词义同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它

7、们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如：Atforty-twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfullofenergy.从年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的fullofenergy可以猜出prime的意思是盛年时期（6）根据列举的事例猜测词义Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:"TheWorldofEnglish"ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools”,oraEnglishLearning从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出periodical是期刊

8、，杂志”的意思。（7）根据构词法知识猜测词义根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。根据前缀猜测词义如：Whenawisepersonmisuseshiswisdom,hewilldogreatharmtosociety.use是利用的意思。mis-否定前缀，因此misuses意思是不合理的利用，Toquiteagreatmanypeople,moneyisanirresistibletemptation.根据构词法和句意，前缀ir-意思是不，非"resistible意思是可抵御的”因此irresistible意思是不可抵御的”根据后缀猜测词义

9、如：It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlookingthebayinanuncommercializedfishingvillageonEngland'smostsoutherlypoint.后缀-ise/ize意思是便成为.使.化"，结合，根commercial（商业的，不难猜出uncommercialized的意思是：未被商业化的根据复合词的各部分猜测词义如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwi

10、llrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（另1J扭的）handpositions.well（好，优秀）和Well-designed或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由design（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的"意思。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostpeoplethatcraftnolongerexists.根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和

11、produce（生产），我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：大批量生产,大规模生产”的意思。综上所述，利用各种已知的信息推测判断生词词义是一项重要的阅读技能。在阅读中我们可以根据实际灵活应用上：面提到的几种猜词技巧，排除生词的干扰，理解文章的思想，提高阅读速度，同时，提高我们在高考阅读理解中的得分率。提高训练4第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。AIremembermymotherreadingtomewhenIwasasmallchild.Irememberwatc

12、hingassheshowedmethewordssheread."Canyousaythat?”sheasked.“Aforapple,"Momsaidmanytimes.Ilistenedcarefully,thenpointedattheletterandrepeatedit.TimeandagainmymotherlistenedtomeasIsoundedoutlettersandsimplewords.BythetimeIreachedkindergartenIcouldreadsimplesentences.AyearorsolaterIrememberrun

13、ninghomeandtellingherIwasinthegroupinmysecond-gradeclass.Duringmyhighschoolyears,IrememberusingaReadersDigestmagazinetochallengemymothertoWordPowercompetition.WereadthewordsgivenbyReader'sDigestandwroteadefinition（定义）foreachword.WeIt'sabouttime."Shesaid.checkedouranswersandcomparedoursc

14、ores.MybeginningjunioryearsMomwonmostthechallenges,butmysenioryearIbegantobeatmymommostofthetime.IrememberMomgivingmealifetimeloveofreading.WheneverIreadagoodbookIappreciate（感激）thisgiftgivenmebymymother.21. Whencouldthewritercouldreadsimplesentence?A. Whenshefinishedkindergarten.B. Whenshefinishedpr

15、imaryschool.C. Whensheenteredprimaryschool.D. Whensheenteredkindergarten.22. WhendidthewriterbeathermothermostofthetimeintheWordPowercompetition?A. Inherjuniormiddleschool.B. Inherfreshmanyearinhighschool.C. Inherjunioryearinhighschool.D. InherSenioryearinhighschool.23. Fromthelastparagraphwhatdoest

16、hewriterdo?A. Hegiveshermothermanygifts.B. Heappreciatehermotherverymuch.C. Helovestolivewithhermother.D. Hesendsmanybookstohermother.【答案】21-23CDB文童大意：本文讲述了;我”的妈妈从小就陪:我读书的故事，妈妈给了我”一生爱读书的好习惯，所以每当一争r读到一本好书，就会感激妈妈给爷r的礼物。21细节理解题。根据文中的句子BythetimeIreachedkind?rgarienIcouldreadsimplesemen®.当我上幼儿园的时候，我

17、已经能读懂简单的句子，结合选项，可知C选项符合题意，艮咋者在进入小学的时候就能读懂简单的句子故答案选以E. .细节理解题。根据文中的句子butmysenioryearIbegantobeatmymommostofthe丘mu但是,在我高三那一年，我开始经常打败我妈妈。可知作者是在高中的最后一年开始打败她妈妈的，故答案选D。F. .段落大意题膏根据文章最后一段rememberMomgivingmealifetimeloveofreading.Whsuver1readagoodbookIappreciatethisgiftgivenmebymymother我记得妈妈给了我一生爱读书的好习惯口所以每

18、当我读到一本好书，就会感激妈妈给我的礼物口可知，作者是非常感激她的母亲的，故答案选瓦BMichaelJackson'sisddendeathreallyastonishedhisfans,butsoontheyaregladtofindanotheryounger“KingofPop"hasappeared.WangYiming,whoisknownasXiaoBao,hasalreadybeenpopularacrosstheworldwithhiswonderfuldancemoves.HeonceappearedonU.S.televisionshow“Ellen&qu

19、ot;andperformedsuccessfullyatoheWorldExp2010.Aboutsevenyearsago,XiaoBaowasbornprematurely（早产）,whichmadehismotherreallyworried.Hewassoweak.Whatcouldhedo?Doctorssuggestedthatmovinghisbodytomusicwouldhelpmakehimstrong,butsoonhisparentsweresurprisedbyhowquicklyXiaoBaofellinlovewithmusic!“Whenhewasyoung,

20、wejuststartedplayingmusictohimandhestartedmovingaroundlikethis.Butwedidn'tthinkthathehadsuchastrongfeelingformusic.Whenhewasjustseveralmonthsold,wewouldlethimlistentomusicandhewouldstopcryingandcalmdownatonce."theproudmotheroncesaid.Sofar,XiaoBaohaslearnedthemoonwalkandotherJackson'move

21、swell.Hisfansarecrazyabouthiswonderfulshows.Hehasdrawnmorepeople'Hattefaiolnbecominginternationallypopular.Therearelotsofproblemswaitingforhim,butXiaoBaowillnevergiveup.Heisseriousabouthisdancingcareer.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.WearesurethatXiaoBao'sdreamwillcometrueoneda24. WhathasXiaoB

22、aobeenfamousfor?A.Hisyoungage.B.Hisdancemoves.C.Histelevisionshows.D.Hisstrongbody.25. WhydiddoctorsadviseXiaoBaotodance?A. BecausetheyknewXiaoBao'sfeelingformusic.B. BecauseXiaoBao'sparentswantedthemtodoso.C. BecauseXiaoBaolikesMichael'sdancingalot.D.Becausetheythoughtdancingwouldbegood

23、forhishealth.26. HowdidXiaoBao'sparentsfeelwhentheyfirstsawhisreactiontomusic?A.Surprised.B.Happy.C.Proud.D.Worried.27. Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A. PeoplehavepaidlittleattentiontoXiaoBao.B. XiaoBao'sfansarenotsatisfiedwithhismoves.C. XiaoBaoworksseriouslyandnevergivesupdancing.D. Hispare

24、ntsworryabouttheirson'scrazyloveformusic.【答案】24-27BDACt解析】24. Be根据第二段WangYim山鼻who”knownasXiaoBao.hasalreadybeenpopularacrosstheworldhiswondanfuidancemoves.描述，可知小宝也是以舞蹈闻名世界的。故选B<25. D。根据第二段Doctorssuggestedthatmosinghisbodytomucwouldhelpmakehimstrong描述，可知医生认为舞蹈对于他的健康有好处。故选D。26. A。根据第二段butsoonhi

25、sparentsweresurprisedbyhowquicklyXiaoBaofellinlovewithmusic!描述，可知他的父母第一次看到他对于音乐的反应感到很吃惊。故选A,吃惊的。27. Co根据短文最后一段描述，可知小宝工作非常认真，并从来没有放弃跳舞。故选CoCLuXunisoneofthegreatestChinesewritersofthe20thcentury.Besideshisfamousstories,healsowrotemanyinfluentialarticlesaboutthelivingconditionsofChinesepeople.Bornin188

26、1toawealthyfamily,LuXunhadahappychildhood.In1893,however,hisgrandfather,aseniorgovernmentofficial,wasputintoprisonfortakingmoney.Atthesametime,hisfatherbecameseriouslyill.Fromthattimeon,hisfamilywerenolongeracceptedbytheirrelativesandfriends.Theseearlyexperiencesgreatlyinfluencedhiswriting.Bythetime

27、LuXunarrivedinNanjingtostudyatuniversityin1899,healreadybelievedthatChinesesocietyhadtochangeandbecomemodern.In1902hewenttostudyinJapan.There,hebeganwritingarticlesforseveralChinesestudentmagazines.Heshowedagiftforwritingandtranslatingandheevenwroteseveralbooks,althoughnonewaspopular.HereturnedtoChi

28、nain1909becausehewasinneedofmoney.AfterworkingforseveralyearsasateacherinBeijing,LuXunagainreturnedtowriting.In1918,hewrotehisfamousshortstoryDiaryofaMadman.ItwasthefirstChinesenovelpublishedusingtheeverydaylanguagethatpeoplespoke,whichhelpedmakeitagreatsuccess.This,togetherwithhisnovelTheTrueStoryo

29、fAhQ(1921),madeLuXunaleadingChinesewriter.Althoughsuccessful,LuXunstillworriedgreatlyaboutChina'sfuture.In1926,hemovedtoShanghagaveupwritingstoriesinordertodevotehimselftowhathecalled“perwarfare“Henowonlywrotearticleswhichcalledonthepeopletofightagainstthegovernment.Forthis,thegovernmentstoppedh

30、imfrompublishinganymorebooks.Hewasforcedtowritehisarticlesusingfalsenames.Sincehisdeathin1936,LuXun'smportanceandinfluencehavegrown.Today,manyofhiswritingsareincludedinschooltextbooksandhisworksarereadbymillionsaroundtheworld.28. WhichofthefollowinggreatlyinfluencedLuXunaccordsiwioinigepassage?A

31、. ThepeoplehemetinJapan.B. Theexperiencesinhisearlylife.C. WorkingasateacherinBeijing.D. Hisfather'sbeingputintoprison.29. Accordingtothepassage,whywasLuXunDiarysostoMadamsopopular?A. ItwasbasedonLuXun'sdiary.B. Itwasthefirstnoveltouseeverydaylanguage.C. Itsstorytookplaceinmoderntimes.D. Itw

32、aswrittenusingawesternstyle.30. AftermovingtoShanghai,whatdidLuXunmainlywrite?A. Funnystories.B. Articlesabouthimself.C. Articlesagainstthegovernment.D. Storiesaboutgovernmentofficials.31. InwhatorderdidtheseeventstakeplaceinLuXun'slife?a. Thegovernmentstoppedhimfrompublishingbooks.b. HewroteDia

33、ryofaMadman.c.Hisfatherbecameill.d.HemovedtoShanghai.e.Hiswritingswereputintotextbooks.A.c-a-b-d-eB.c-b-d-a-eC.a-c-d-b-eD.a-d-b-c-e【答案】28-31BBCB【解析】28. 及根据第二段The/earlyexperiencesgreatlyinfuncedhi57丁小咯描述?可知选29. Bq根据第四段ItwasthefirstChinesenovelpublishedusingthee;er>fdaylanguagethatpeoplespoke,which

34、helpedmakeitagreatsucce骡描述f可知选B。30. Ca根据第五段Henowonlyratearticles3Vhichcalledonthepeopletofightagainstthegovemmait描述,可知选Co31. Bo根据短文描述，可知几个事件中最先发生的是他的父亲生病，然后是他写了狂人日记，接下来是移居到上海，政府禁止他的书出版，最后发生的是他的书被印刷出版，故选BoDWhenyouwatchTVprogramsaboutwildanimals,itissurprisingtoseehowanantelope（羚羊）canrunawayfromastron

35、glion.Inthewilderness,everyonehashisownwaytoprotecthimself.Evenplantshavetheirownwaystofightoffenemies.Overmillionsofyears,plantshavedevelopedtheirowndefensesystem.Chemicalsarefantasticallyusedbyplantstosurvive.Bymakingtheirleaves,flowers,rootsandfruitspoisonoustoenemies,plantscanfightback.Onesuchpl

36、antistheGoldenWattletree.TheBritishscientistDavidCameronhasfoundwhenananimaleatsthetree'sleaves,theamountofpoisonincreasesintheotherleaves."It'sliketheinjuredleaves1otherstofighttogetheragainsttheenemy.esaid."hThetreealsosendsdefensemessagestoneighboringplantsbygivingoutaspecialsme

37、ll.GoldenWattletreesinthenearby45meterswillgetthemessageandproducemorepoisonwithin10minutes.Now,ifanenemyeatstoomanyofthetreesesf,heewvlldie.Everykindofplantortreeisgoodatproducingaspecialsetofchemicals.Herbivores,likerabbits,cansafelyeattheleavesofonetree,buttheymaybepoisonedbyitsneighbor.Inthisway

38、,plantshavenotonlydevelopedtheirowndefensesystem,butalsoshareditwithothers.Thismakesitimpossibleforasingleanimaltodestroyevenasmallareaofforest.32. Fromthefirst2paragraphs,whatcanwelearn?A. Plantscandonothingagainsttheirenemies.B. Chemicalsarequiteusefulforplantstosurvive.C. Anantelopecanalwaysrunaw

39、ayfromastronglion.D. Leaves,roots,flowersandfruitsofplantsarepoisonous.33. IfanimalseatoneGoldenWattletree'sleaves,whatcanthetreedo?A. Killtheanimalswithaspecialsmell.B. Tellothertreestocometoprotectit.C. Warnothertreesagainsttheanimalsonthephone.D. Senddefensemessagestotheneighboringplants.34.

40、Thelastparagraphofthepassagesuggeststhatthiskindofdefensesystemis.A.badforanimalsB.goodforforestsC.helpfultosomeanimalsD.harmfultoforests35. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A. Theexamplesofprotectingforests.B. Thebalancebetweenanimalsandplants.C. Thewaysofplantsfightingagainstenemies.D. Therelationshipb

41、etweenlionsandantelopes.【答案】32-35BDBCL解析】32.根据第二段Chemicalsarefantasticallyusedbyplantsto的,iv已描述可知化学品对于植物的生存来说非常重要,故选93D。根据第三段"I门liketheinuredIweste；?phoningtheotherstotighttogetheragainsttheenemy7hesaid.描述可知这种树能给自己的邻居发送自保信息一故选D。34 .根据短文最后一段描述，可知这种防御体系对于森林来说大有好处故选35 Co这篇短文主要介绍了植物用来抵御天敌的方法故选Co第二节

42、（共5小题；每小题2分，？茜分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Carsicknessisacommonproblemfacedbymanypeople.36.Theearstellthebrainthatthebodyismoving,buttheeyessaythatthebodyisn'tmoving.Thisleadstomanysympibcmrsickness.Thoughthereisnosolutiontothisproblem,therearesomewaystomakeitlessunpleasant.Getfreshair.Somepeoplemayfindfreshaircanmakecarsicknesslessserious.37.Ifsymptomsremain,stopthecarandgetouttobreatheinfreshairifpossible.Theairmayhelp,andstoppingthedriveshouldhelp,too.38Often,carsicknessiscausedbymovementsoutsidethecar.Forthisreason,youmayfeelbetterwhenyo