中考词语填空专题复习

1、学习好资料欢迎下载2013中考词语填空专题复习词语填空是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空格（障碍物），造成信息链（语义）的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项作出合理的分析、判断，选出最佳答案，将空格处缺失的信息补充完整，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，逻辑严密，文意通畅。1 .材料选取。从考查的材料来看，短文填空主要选取反映学生学习、生活、心理体会的文章；其次，以社会热点、名人事迹为辅、风土人情；再次，选取一般故事性的短文2 .难度控制。从短文的词汇数量上来看，一篇短文填空的词汇量一般在180230个左右。3 .考点的设置。短文填空的考点设置，在短文的布

2、局上遵循首句、末句不设空；不逐句设空的原则；每段设置23个空；在设空的同时，注意前后暗示和上下文相互暗示的原则。解题指导：常见考查点为：动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、连词、介词、冠词。必须熟悉的内容（看到某类词，就要想到相应的考察内容，这是解题关键）：1动词：考查谓语动词的人称、数、时态、语态、不定式（todo）、动词的ing形式（doing）形式、过去分词（done）、固定搭配，注意个别的拼写，如stoppedo2名词：考查单复数（-s）,名词所有格（'/ss'）,词性的转换（是否变形为形容词、动词-特别留意那些已经学习过的成对的动词和名词。如：move-moveme

3、nt）等。3形容词：考查原级、比较级、最高级，词性转换（形容词和副词、形容词和名词）等。4副词：考查原级、比较级、最高级，词性转换；考查修饰动词、句子等，常由形容词派生而来（hard-hard;good-well;careful-carefully）。5代词：考查不定代词、物主代词、人称代词的主格、宾格，反身代词等，一般由意思判定。6数词：常考基数词和序数词的转换，注意分数的表示方法。7连词：考查句子间的逻辑关系；填入的词，只要符合上下文逻辑即可。8介词：常考查固定短语搭配。9冠词：只需在a、an之间判断。*记忆口诀：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有“S"不能弃；“动词”注

4、意要变形，“形、副”注意用三级，“数词”牢记“基”和“序”，“代词”“五格”要谨记。做题步骤：1 .在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.,动词-v.,形容词-adj.,副词-adv.等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。2 .通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3 .在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要学习好资料欢迎下载保证句式结构的正确。当你氤二五

5、加工一一司嘉|山前硬诵复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches,friend-friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny,use-useful/useless/used,danger-dangerous;在遇到动词时,要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化（动词不定式-todo,现在分词-doing,过去分词-done,固定搭配-enjoydoingsth./usedtodosth./havesth.done）；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以

6、及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more/themostinteresting,happy-happily,happy-happiness;填入代词时,需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用在；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法,例如：three-third,2/3-twothirds,onethousand/thousandsof;冠词只需要在a或an之间判别,如agirl/anoldman;当遇到介词和连词时，就更简单,只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。4 .完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否

7、正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。一定注意，有时答案会在上下文中出现！注意：一、重点检查内容：1大小写2名词单复数3动词时态4形容词比较级二、确立答案方法：1意思优先原则通过把备选词的意思逐个带入空中，先确定填哪个词，在确定它的形式。need,animal.I.put,make,except,find,end.look,since.little,enoughSoIthinkhewillnottellanybody9youandmeaboutwhathefound通过意思很容易读出，他不会告诉任何人，除了我和你”，直接可以找到e

8、xcept,2语法优先原则首先通过分析句子的结构，然后判断空处所填的词性，然后在备选项中逐个筛选。French,same,word,Chinese,example,many,why,great,much,what,another,tellLanguageschangewithtimeandtheworld.SodoesEnglish.New_1_areborrowedfromotherlanguages.通过句子结构可知new后应该是一个名词，充当are的主语，而且是复数形式。因此，备选项中可数的名词只有word和example,显然words的意思最通。*考试时应注意：在未复查之前，不要草率

9、地把答案写在答题横线上，一旦有错误，不好更改。因此建议做题时可以直接填在原文中的空处，最后做完题可以把答案誉抄在答题横线上。欢迎下载学习好资料词根：词性n.反身代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词主格*-宾格词根：代词pron.careful,any,who,good,with,fun,care,for,be,otherS,M,PandCrepresentdifferentpeoplehavedifferentpersonalities.Speoplearefriendly,energeticandhumorous.Theyareinterestedinanythingnewandexcitin

10、gandothersalwayshaveofwiththem.Atthesametime,theyarecarelessandforgetful.Mpeopleareveryanddoeverythingasplanned.Theyalwayswanttofindfaultsandneverfeelsatisfiedanythingaroundthem.Theyarestrictwiththemselves,aswellaswithothers.Mpeoplearerealfriends.Iftheymakefriendswithyou,itmeansthattheywillbeyourfri

11、endslife.Theywilldoanythingfortheirfriendsattime.Ppeoplecanbeeasilysatisfied.Theyarepeacefulandcalm.Butpeacefulandcalmmakesthemverydull.Theyarealwaysstanders-by.Ppeoplearegoodlistenersandarealwaysreadytoacceptopinions.Cpeopleareleadersandworkaholics（工作狂）.Theyarebraveandareneverafraidoftakingrisks.Ho

12、wever,theydon'taboutothers'opinionsandseldomthinkofothers.Theywantotherstofollowthem,buttheyhatewaitingforothers.Therearenogoodorbadpersonalities.Everypersonalityhastwosides.Ifsomeoneknows学习好资料欢迎下载himselfwell,triestoimprovethepositive（积极的）thingsandtriestothrowawaythenegative（消极的）ones,hewillh

13、avealife.America,week,ask,be,happy,and,get,for,they,of,but,do,day,teacher,friendStudentsintheUnitedStatesarestillenjoyingtheirholidays.Christmasisover,butschoolnotbeginagainforanotherBeforetheyreturn,theseisstillanotherimportantholidaythefirstoftheNewYear.Itisthelastnightoftheoldyear,however,thatpeo

14、plecelebratethemost.?Almosteveryoneistoaparty.Itisnicetobewithwhenyousaygoodbyetotheoldyear.Thepeopleatthepartiesdancingandsinging.Mostofthemlook.Theyarewearingpaperhatsmakingnoise.Itisclosetomidnightnowandeveryoneisstoppingtowatchtheclock.Atexactlymidnighteveryonecheers.Anewyearisbeginning.Everyone

15、ishopingaverygoodnewYear.?Formanyyoung,likemyEnglishsonanddaughter,thisisatimeoftheyeartothinkaboutthefuture.Theymakealistthingsthattheyhopetodo.Theypromisetostopsmoking,toloseweight,tosavemoneyortodosomethingelsethatisgood.Theycallthesepromisesresolutions（决心做的事）。Somepeopleremembertheirresolutionsal

16、lyearlong,manyothersforgetthem.?like,before,open,big,you,instead,watch,too,be,toothHotTipsforaGoodNight'sSleep?Ifyou'refired,you'dbetterhotstayuplate.Sleepislovelyenjoyit!Haveafixedbedtime?Itmakesfeelcalmifeverythingisinorderbeforeyousleep.Sobrushyour,washyourface,thewindowandgotobed.You

17、rmindwilltakeinallthecue（提示）thatit'stimetogothelandofdreamsandYou'llbesleepingababyinnotime.?Gotobedwhenyou'retired!?Ifyou'refeelingreallytired,gotobed.Don'tstayuptoalateshow,don'ttrytodoabitmorework.anddon'tplantostayatyourfriend'splacelate.Gotobed.?Sayyestomilk?Ifyo

18、uwantabedtimesnack,havesomethingcalmingandsleepy.Aglassofwarmmilkwillhelptosleepbetter.Andtrynottoeatamealtooclosetobedtime,whichkeepsyouawake.?TurnofftheTV?TVprogrammesmakeyouexcited.Don'twatchanythingforanhouryougotobed.Listentosomerelaxingmusic!Itwillsendyoutosleepinnotimeatall.?Allthetipsabo

19、veforagoodnight'ssleep.Yourbody'sgoingtothankyouverymuchforit.?picklesswhichcolortruevisitwithouttoybecauselonger欢迎下载学习好资料HowtobeaGreenOne?Whatdoesitmeantobegreen?”Green“ismorethanjusta.Italsomeanstakingspecialstepstoprotecttheenvironmentland,andtheairwebreathe.Whygreen?Plantsaregreen,andthe

20、mtheEarthwouldn'tbesuchalovelyhumanbeings.Here'safour-stepguidetobeinggreen:?ReduceIt!?Whenyouuselessofsomething,youdofortheEarth.Forexample,ashortershowermeansyouusewaterandlessfuel（燃料）yourhouseusesfueltorunthewaterheaterthatwarmsupthewater.?ReuseIt!?Sometimeswe'realittletoowillingtothi

21、ngsandbuynewthings.Manytimes,ifyounoneedsomething,someoneelsejustmightneedit.Forexample,ifyourbabybrothergrowsoutof,whynotgivethemtoanotherhasalittlekid?RecycleIt!?Recyclinghasneverbeeneasier.Manypeoplewillituprightinfrontofyourhouseandtheywillneedit.Tellyourmomordadbecome“HeadofRecycling"foryo

22、urhouse.Thatmeansyou'lltaketherecyclablethingsindustbinstellothersthingscanberecycled.?EnjoyIt!?It'sthatpollutionisaproblemremainsahugeandbeautifulplaceforyoutogoandstudy.Youcanstartbythenaturallybeautifulplacesinyourhometown.Goforahike,visitlocalnaturecentersandgardens,climbupmountainsandso

23、on.however,before,name,well,worst,notice,also,twice,and,giveNamingtheBaby?Parentsalwaysthinktheirbabiesareveryspecial.Theywantotherstotheirchildren.Forthisreason,theysometimesgivetheirchildrenunusual.TheymaychoosenamessuchasChelma,Ukiah,Brianna,orElvira.Therearesomeadvantagestothispractice.Achildwho

24、isanuncommonnamemayfeelspecialfromchildhood.,sometimeswerememberpeoplewithunusualnamesthanwerememberpeoplewithordinarynames.?,unusualnamescancauseproblems.Theycanbehardforteachersandfriendstopronounce.Theycanalsobehardtospell,computersmayautomatically（自动地）changethem.Forexample,JulemaybecomeJuly.Some

25、peoplemayhaveabadimpressiononanunusualnametheyevenmeettheperson.ofall,otherchildrensometimesdon'tlikekidswithuncommonnames.Themessageforparentsis,“Thinkbeforeyougiveyourchildanunusualname.”exampletheynobodycorrectusualreachbuildsoifnext“Logicisthescienceofthinking."Isaid,clearingmythroat.th

26、inklearntotellthecommonfallacies（谬误）oflogic.Thesewewilltakeuptonight.”"Wow!"shecried,clappingherhandshappily.学习好资料欢迎下载Iwentbravelyon."FirstletusexaminethefallacyofUnqualifiedGeneralization（绝对判断）.Foeexample,Exerciseisgood,everybodyshouldexercise.”“Iagree,saidPollyseriously."Imeane

27、xerciseiswonderful.Imeanitthebodyandeverything.”PPolly,I"saidgently,isitafallacy.ExerciseisgoodisanUnqualifiedGeneralization.Forexample,youhaveheartdisease,exerciseisbad,notgood.Manypeopleareorderedbydoctorsnottoexercise.Youmustsayexerciseisgood,orexerciseisgoodformostpeople.Ifnot,youhavemadeth

28、efallacyofUnqualifiedGeneralization.”“wetakeupafallacycalledHastyGeneralization（草率Z论）.Listencarefully.YoucanspeakFrench.Ican'tspeakFrench.Petercan'tspeakFrench.ImustthereforeconcludethatatthisschoolcanspeakFrench.”“Really?”saidPolly,surprised.“Polly,Isaidcalmly,it'asfallacy.Theconclusion

29、istoohurriedly.Therearetoofewtosupportsuchaconclusion.”develop,cheap,make,expensive,only,almost,type,calluse,fromNowadays,asthesocietydevelops,theneedoffuelisgettinglargerandlarger.Howcanwegetmoreandfuel?OnecompanyinNewJerseyisaspecialwaytogetlow-costbio-fuels（生物燃料）fromsugar,animportantpartforgettin

30、gethanol（乙醇）.Inordertomakebio-fuelscheaper,thecompanyProterro,istryingtocutthecostofmakingsugar.Thecompanyisgettingphotosyntheticmicroorganisms（光合微生物）toproducelargeamountsofsugar,anditisdesigningaspecialwaytogrowthemicroorganismssmallamountsofwater.Photosyntheticmicroorganisms,suchasalgae（藻类）,areusu

31、allythoughtthatitcanproduceoils.Proterropaidsomuchattentiontosugarbecausebio-fuelethanolismainlyfromit,andit'salsothestartingpointfornewwaysofmakingotherofbio-fuels.Today,allofthesugarforbio-fuelsismadefromcornorsugarcane（甘蔗）,andseveralcompaniesaretryingmorewaystomakesugarotherplantssuchasgrassa

32、ndtrees.Butwe'vejustgotthebeginningtomakebio-fuels;sugarisstillexpensive,"saysKefkasdin,Proterro'sCEO.sugarfromsugarcaneischeapenough,andthatcanonlybegrowninsomeplaces,suchasBrazil.many,believe,sell,reduce,pollute,be,shop,fashion,support,aboutApopularshoppingbaghasbeenseenonthearmofsome

33、oftheworld'smostbeautifulwonsellsatanofficialpriceof£5,butasas£400online.Thebagcalled"I'mNotaPlastiBag“ismadeocotton.Itisso"hot"thatnoweveryonewantstogetone.It,andit''sgreen!seethebagasawaytomoveawayfromthrowaway（次性的）plasticbagsthataregivenawayinlargenumbersb

34、ysupermarketseveryyear.Whenthebagswerefirstsold,about500peoplewaitedinlinetobuyone.Sofar,20,000ofthepopularbagshavebeenatthesecondlargestsupermarketinGreatBritain.Itisoneofthewaystoencouragetousethereusablebags,ratherthantheplasticones.Thebaghasalso学习好资料欢迎下载becomeamust-haveformanyfamouspeoplewhowant

35、tobefashionable,andatthesametimecaretheenvironment.Thedesignerofthebaghasbeenaskedtodevelopthebagbythe“WeAreWhatWeDo"groupThegroupthateachpersoninGreatBritainusesabout167plasticbagseveryyear.Itsaysthatsmalllifestylechangescanhaveastrongeffectonwasteandtheenvironmental.Italsosaysthateveryoneshou

36、ldtryhisbesttoprotecttheearthfrompolluted.develop,cheap,make,expensive,only,almost,type,calluse,fromNowadays,asthesocietydevelops,theneedoffuelisgettinglargerandlarger.Howcanwegetmoreandcheaperfuel?OnecompanyinNewJerseyisdevelopingaspecialwaytogetlow-costbio-fuels（生物燃料）fromsugar,animportantpartforge

37、ttingethanol（乙醇）.Inordertomakebio-fuelscheaper,thecompanycalledProterro,istryingtocutthecostofmakingsugar.Thecompanyisgettingphotosyntheticmicroorganisms（光合微生物）toproducelargeamountsofsugar,anditisdesigningaspecialwaytogrowthemicroorganismsusingsmallamountsofwater.Photosyntheticmicroorganisms,suchasa

38、lgae（藻类）,areusuallythoughtthatitcanproduceoils.Proterropaidsomuchattentiontomakingsugarbecausebio-fuelethanolismainlyfromit,andit'salsothestartingpointfornewwaysofmakingothertypesofbio-fuels.Today,almostallofthesugarforbio-fuelsismadefromcornorsugarcane（甘蔗）,andseveralcompaniesaretryingmorewaystomakesugarfromotherplantssuchasgrassandtrees.Butwe'vejustgotthebeginningtomakebio-