外研社七年级下册英语语法

1、外研社七年级下册英语语法Module 11. First of all, come and look in the lost and found box!首先，过来看看失物招领箱吧！first of all 的意思是 “首先 ”，常用于句首。例如： First of all, let me introduce my friend Lily to you.首先，让我向你介绍我的朋友莉莉。find v. 发现；找到Many people here cannot find work.这里很多人都找不到工作。So far they have not found a way to fight the v

2、irus.迄今为止，他们还没有找到一种对抗该病毒的方法。3. Everyone, please be careful with your things from now on.从现在开始，请每个人小心保管自己的物品。be careful with的意思是小心（对待）：例如： Be careful with that knife, or you ll cut .yourself 小心那把刀子，否则你会划伤自己。from now on 的意思是 “从现在开始 ”例如 :From now on, things are going to be different around here. 从现在起，这

3、附近的情况将发生变化。4. in a hurry 匆匆忙忙She went to the school in a hurry.她匆匆忙忙地去学校了。Don t be in a hurry. 不要着急。5. They leave things on planes, on trains, on buses and taxis. 他们把东西落在飞机、火车、公交车和出租车上。leave 这里表示 “落下，遗忘” ，它还有很多其他的含义：1） 表示 “离开 ”，例如：Nancy wants to be a doctor when she leaves school.南希毕业后想当一名医生。2） 表示 “

4、把（某人或某物）留在（某处）” ，例如：I often leave the kids with Susan.我经常把孩子们留给苏珊（照顾）。3） 表示 “留到，留待” ，例如：Leave it another week, then tell he ll have to decide.把此事再放一周，到时告诉他必须做出决定。4） leave 还可以用作名词，表示 “假期，休假” ，例如：I have to ask for three day s leave.我得请三天假。6. Hundreds of people come here every day.每天都有许多人到这里来。hundred 是

5、一个确数，表示 “一百 ” ； hundreds of 是一个概 数，表示 “好几 百，许许多多” 。当hundred 前面有一 个具体的数词时， hundred 不变为复数例如： two hundred cows 两百头奶牛当 hundred 与 of 连用时，它后边的名词和它本身都用复数，例 如： hundreds of cows 几百头奶牛Module 2d like tgin the Music Club because I can play the piano. 我想力口 入音乐社团是因为我会弹钢琴。1）定冠词the用于西洋乐器前（民族乐器前不加）play the piano 弹钢琴

6、play the violin 拉/J、提琴2）中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用：play erhu 拉二胡3）进行球类运动、下棋不用冠词：play basketball 打篮球play volleyball 打排球play football 踢足球play chess 下棋2. I think she d like tjoin the Dance Club because she can really well.我认为她想加入舞蹈俱乐部，因为她真的跳得好。would like意为 想要，其语气比用like婉转些。具体用法如1）后面接名词或代词，表示具体要某样东西。例如：I d liktwo swe

7、aters for my daughters.我想给我的女儿们买两件毛衣。Would you like one of these mooncakes 你想要块这样的月饼2）后面接动词不定式，表示 愿望，喜爱工常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议。例如：I would like to be your class monitor. 我想当班长。Would you like to come to supper 你愿意来吃晚饭吗3）当主语是第一人称时， would可与should换用，它们都可以 缩写为d弁且like也可换成love。例如：I m sure hwould love to come.I s

8、hould like the red one.我想要红色的。I would like to be your class monitor. 我想当班长。Would you like to come to supper 你愿意来吃晚饭吗3）当主语是第一人称时，would可与should换用，它们都可以缩写为d弁且like也可换成love。例如：I m sure hwould love to come.I should like the red one.我想要红色的。4) would like后面可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:What would you like me to do 你想要我干

9、什么dlikeou to meet my parents, too.我想要你也见见我的父母。3. I can cook eggs, but that s.靛会炒鸡蛋，但仅此而已。that s趣口语中一句非常有用的表法，其用法主要有以下三 种： 1）表示仅此这些或无关紧要，意为：没别的；没事；没什么； 事情就是这样。如：一How are you feeling 你感觉怎么样Fine. Just a little tired. That s affi好，只是有点累，没事。2）表示沮丧或无可奈何，意为：没有（别的）办法如：If it rains tomorrow, we shall have to

10、stay at home, we can t plfootball, that s.戌口果明天下雨，我们只好呆在家里，不能出 去踢球，没有别的办法。3）表示说话或做事完了（或暂时完了）。意为 ：”完了；就这些”。如：That s .aThank you.我的发言完了，谢谢。That s aor today.今天就到这里吧。That s aytou may go now.就这些，你可以走了。4. Don worry about Chinese.别担心中1文。worry about = be worried about 担心Don，worry about your son. = Don be wo

11、rried about your son. 不要担心你的儿子。5. I get on well with everyone 我和每个人都相处得很好 get on well with.与 相处融洽；进展顺利1) Do you get on well with your parents 你跟你父母相处得怎样2) I get on very well with them. 我和他们相处的非常好。3) He is not easy to get on well with. 他不是一个容易相处的人 如果要表达 与某人相处得不好 ; 可以用get on badly with sb.如果想询问与某人相处得怎

12、样要用how来提问，例如：How do you get on well with yourclassmates你跟同学相处得怎样Just so so. 一般般。6. Choose me as your class monitor and I promise to help YOU! 选 我当你们的班长，我保证会帮助你们！as的意思是作为，当作工例如：As a student, she has to finish her homework.作为一个学生，她必须完成作业。promise 允诺；许诺”promise sb. to do sth.答应某人做某事make a promise 许下诺言ke

13、ep one s promis琳守诺言break one s promise诺言,说话不算数7. I often help my mother do cleaning at home. 我经常帮助我妈 妈在家打扫卫生。do some cleaning 打扫卫生do some shopping 买东西do some reading 看书do some washing 洗衣月艮 4. I malways ready to help others.我 总是准备帮助别人。be ready to do sth.准备好做某事”get ready to do sth.和 be ready to do sth

14、.的意思是 准备做某 事”。前者强调行为；后者强调状态。两者后面可接介词for,for后面接名词。如：We are ready for the English test.8. UL m su everybody would like a clean classroom, just like home. 我确信每个人都喜欢干净的教室，就好像家一样。sure确信的；有把握的”1) be sure坏定式用于祈使句，作 务必、一定”讲。Be sure to come to my house.Be sure to finish your homework as soon as possible.2) b

15、e sure+从句，表 确信、对有把握”I am sure that he is coming.=He is sure to come.3) make sure + 从句 =make sure of弄清、查清楚Make sure that he has handed his workbook.Make sure of it before you start out.just like正如；正像”The night of the celebration was just like Christmas for them.当晚的庆祝活动对他们来说就像圣诞节一般。9.情态动词can的用法（一）基本用法

16、1） .表示能力（如体力和脑力方面），意为 能；会”等。例如：Can you speak English你会讲英语吗Can you play the piano你会弹钢琴吗2） .表示请求或允许，多用在口语中，意为 何以；能”等。用于 疑问句中用来提出要求，用于否定句表示不允许。例如：Can I help you我能帮助你吗You can play basketball.你不能玩篮球。Can you.请你好吗”表示说话人的请求；Can I.我可以吗”用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事。如在 句末加上please一词就显得更有礼貌了。例如：Can you help me, please请你帮助我好吗

17、3） .表示可能。例如：He can _be at home now.他现在可能在家。The moon can always be full.月亮不可能常圆。4） .表示怀疑。在表达此意时，只能用于一般疑问句中，带有感情色彩。例如：Can it be true那会是真的吗（二）句式变化如下：1） .在变否定句时，直接在 can后加上“not可缩写成can或 cannot,但不能写成 cann 。t例如：He can swim.He can swim.Tony can see the pen on the desk.f Tony can not see the pen on the desk.2

18、） .在变一般疑问句时，直接移到主语前（原主语的首字母改成 小写，第一人称应变为第二人称）即可。例如：I can see an orange on the table.f Can you see an orange on thetable其回答可用Yes, OK或Certainly等作肯定回答；用 No或Sorry 等作否定回答。例如：Can you look after my dog, please 你能照看下我的狗吗一OK.可以。用Certainly回答。此时语气更为肯定。Can I see your piano我能看看你的钢琴吗Certainly.当然可以。Module 31. On S

19、aturday morning, I m going to check mynedmdaoilmayhomework. 周六上午我打算查看电子邮件并写作业。I m going to see a movie in the afternoon我打算下午去看电影。如果我们要表达 “在上午、下午、晚上”，可以说 in the morning/ evening / afternoon 三个词也常跟介词 in 连用。例如：Dont watch TV too much in the evening. 晚上看电视不要太多。They sometimes play games in the afternoon.

20、他们有时在下午做游戏。但如果特指 “在具体的某一天”或 “（在具体的某一天的）上午、下午、晚上”等，须用介词on 。例如：I ll see you on Monday morning.周一上午见。She always goes to see a film on Friday evening.她总是周五晚上去看电影。2. but on Sunday afternoon, Lingling and I are going to have a picnic,但是星期日下午玲玲和我要去野餐。have a picnic 去野餐 “ ”。在英语中，经常用 have + n. 组成词组，例如：have a

21、look at 看一看have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早 /午/ 晚饭have classes / lessons 上课have a meeting 开会a rest 休息一会儿 I m looking forward to the footballmatch tomorrow.我期待着明天的足球赛。look forward to 期待，盼望 “” ，后面接名词或动名词(V-ing) 。例如：I m looking forward to my holiday.我盼望着假期的到来。The children are looking forward to visit

22、ing Beijing.孩子们期待着去北京游览。4、 I m going to enjoy myself during the May Day holiday.我要在五一假期好好玩一玩。enjoy oneself 过得愉快 “” ，相当于 have a good time ，例如：I hope you enjoy yourself this evening. 我希望你今晚过得愉快。5、 be going to 的用法点拨be going to是一种固定结构，它后面要接动词原形，用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作，有 “准备；打算” 的意思。含有 be g

23、oing to结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。例如：We are going to see a movie this afternoon. 今天下午我们打算去看电影。Look at the black clouds. It s gong Kora症，快要下雨了。6、 be going to 在肯定句中的形式be going to 结构中的助动词 be 很少用原形，它一般有三种形式，即：am, is, are。当主语是I时用am ；当主语是第三人称单数时用is；当主语是其他人称时用are。例如：I am going to buy something tomorrow.She is goin

24、g to see me this afternoon.7、含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法由于句子中有助动词be,即在be (am, is, are)的后面加上not就构成 了否定句；把be (am, is, are) 放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为： Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. / No, 主语 + isn t/aren t. / No, I 例如： m not.They are going to have a picnic this Sunday. (肯定句)They are not going to have a picnic

25、this Sunday. ( 否定句 ) Are they going to have a picnic thisSunday Yes, they are. (No, they arent.)(一般疑问句及其回答)8、使用be going to 应注意的两点：1) There be 句型的 be going to 结构为： There is / are going to be. (注意句型中going to 后面的 be 不能改为 have。 )常用来表示将有某事发生。例如：There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our s

26、chool.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。2) . come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如：Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。Module 4more 是形容词many 和 much “多的 ”的比较级。意为 “更多的 ” ，即：many more多的 更多的如:much more多的 更多的many books许多书一more books 更多书much milk 许多牛奶一more milk 更多牛奶free是形容词，意思是 “（时间）空闲；

27、例如：空余的，反义词是busy忙碌的”。即：free busy空闲的反义词忙碌的m7工I am free today but I was busy yesterday.今天我有空，但昨天我很忙。in future 今后表示从今以后in the future 将来”，表示未来。例如：Please be more careful in future.今后小心点。I don t know what will happen in the future.我不知道将来会发生什么事。In 20 year s time, maybe there won t be anysChOols. 后，也许一所学校都没有

28、了。句中的 “in +一段时间”表示 “一段时间之后” ，常用于将来时。可以用 how soon 来提问。例如： How soon will you be back 你多久回来 In a week. 一个月之后。They can ask their teachers questions byInternet, telephone or email.他们可以通过互联网、电话或电子邮件向老师提问。句中的“by装示方式，意思是 用；靠；通过:例 如：Send it by air mail. 用航空邮件寄吧。They want to travel by train.他们想坐火车旅行。Computer

29、won t be able to do that.计算机无法胜任。句中的 “be able to 的意思是” “能够，会，胜任 ”。相当于 can， 比起 can 来可以用于更多的时态中。例如： I m able to swim. = I can swim.我会游泳。再如：They will be able to tell you the news soon.= They can tell you the news soon.他们很快就能够告诉你这个消息了。He was able to write when he s three.=He could write when hes three.他

30、两岁就会写字了t useTeachers won t use chalk on a blackboard and students won pen and paper, or erasers any more! 老师们将不再用粉笔在黑板 上写字，学生们也将不再使用钢笔、纸或橡皮！句中的“notany more的意思是 不再例如：He isn t a child any morel不再是小孩子了。I won t do that any mor戴再也不那样做了。short是形容词，意思是 短的；短暂的；矮的”，作短的”讲 时，反义词是long长的”；而作矮的”讲时，反义词是tall高的“。即: h

31、eavy是形容词，意思是 重的，沉的”反义词是light不重的, 轻的；轻松的；少量的即：short短的反义词长的short tall矮的反义词高的heavy light重的反义词轻的cheap是形容词,意思是贵的、昂贵的。即:expensive 1 dear便宜的“其反义词是 expensive 或 dear便宜的反义词 贵的easy adj.容易的.This question is so easy.这个问题很简单。rain n.雨；雨水 v.下雨.It rained the whole weekend.here is/are.（用于介绍某人或某物）下面”如果后面跟的是复数名词，就用 is,

32、如后面跟的是单数名词，就用are。常常翻译成 这儿是.或这儿有.。例如：Here is a pen.这儿是一支钢笔。Here are some students.这儿有一些学生。注意单数时与This is a的差别，试比较：Here is a pen.这儿是一支钢笔。This js a pen. 这是一支钢笔。not only . but also . 不仅，而且当not only but als连接的两个成分作主语时，谓语动词要与其最近的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。例如：Not only the students but also the teacher likes the sea.Not

33、only the teacher but also the students like the sea.not only . but also . 不仅，而且小贴士：1. not only but Oso not only 不能分开使用， but also 可 以。2. not onlyut also连接两个弁列成分时，可以省略 but或also,也可以把but also都省略掉。The sea level will rise as well.海平面也会升高。句中的“as well表示 也，又，常用于句子末尾。例如：The little girl sings, and plays the pi

34、ano as well.这个小女孩既会唱歌，又会跳舞。He can speak English, and speak Chinese as well.他既会说英语， 又会说汉语。般将来时如果我们想描述将来的事情或表达对未来的预测等，我们可以 用一般将来时表达,它的动词形式是：“will + 动词原形:例如：There will be a computer on every desk in the future. 未来每个桌 子上都将有一台电脑。It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨。We will go to school on foot.我们将步行去上学。一般将来时的否定

35、形式一般将来时的否定形式，是在 will后面加not或用won &例 如：There will not be a computer on every desk in the future.=There won t bea computer on every desk in the future.未来每个桌子上都将没有一台电脑。一般将来时的否定形式It will not rain tomorrow.It won t raintomorrow.明天将不会下雨。We will not go to school by bus.We won t goto school by bus.我们将不乘公交车去上

36、学。一般将来时的一般疑问形式及其肯定、否定回答：这个时态的一般疑问形式，是将will提到句首，弁在句尾使用问号。肯定回答用 will,否定回答用缩略式 won 6例如：Will there be a computer on every desk tomorrow Yes, there will. / No, there won .t 未来每个桌子上都将有一台电脑吗是的，将有。/不，将没有。一般将来时的一般疑问形式及其肯定、否定回答：Will it rain tomorrowYes, it will. / No, it won .t明天将会下雨吗是的，将会。/不，将不会。Will we go_

37、to school by bus tomorrowYes, it will. / No, it won .t明天我们将乘公交车去上学吗是的，将会。/不，将不会。Module 5I try it on 我可以试穿下吗try on试穿”代词放中间，名词放后面。例如：Try on the shoes before you buy them.买鞋之前要先试穿。2. What else would you like 你还想要点什么else常放在疑问代词或不定代词之后，“anything / something /nothing / who / what + else 。 例如：What else can

38、 you seeWhat else do you wantI have something else to tell you.Would you like something else to drinkelse 与 other 比较：other 一般放在名词之前。表示名词意义。 other 就是普通的形容词用法，表示 “其他的 ” ，比方说 :Some students are in the classroom, where are the others(=the other students)There are other ways of doing this exercise.1. Sec

39、ond, shopping usually takes a lot of time. 其次，购物通常 需要花很多时间。take, spend, cost 和 pay 的用法区别：spend, take, cost 和 pay 都可以表示 “花费 ” ，但用法却不尽相同。1) take 后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：It takes sb. 时间 to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。2) spend 的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：spend time/m

40、oney on sth.在上花费时间(金钱)。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他 们两年时间。(3) spend money for sth. 花钱买例： His money was spent forbooks.他的钱用来买书了。3) cost 的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示 “值 ” ， 常见用法如下：(

41、1) sth. costs (sb.) 金钱，某物花了(某人)多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间，某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。4) pay 的基本用法是：pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱(给某人)买&例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room ea

42、ch month.我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2) pay for sth.付的钱。 例：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3) pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Don t worry! Ill pay for you.别担心， 我会给你付钱的。2. Online shopping is changing our way of life.网上购物正在改变我们的生活方式。way在这里表示 方式,方法工它还可以表示道路，路线:例如：I don t know the way to the post offic破不认识去由B局的路。语法点

43、拨特殊疑问句：一、定义：以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。二、常用的疑问词有： what （什么），who （谁），whose （谁的），which （哪个）， when （何时），where （哪里），how （怎样）,why （为何）等。三、特殊疑问句的语序：1 .疑问词（+主语）+谓语动词+ 其他成分Who is singing in the room2 .疑问词+一般疑问句语序如：How much are these sausagesWhat size does his mother takeHow much meat do you wantWhat colour w

44、ould you likeWhat time does he get up every morningWhen are you going to have a picnicWhy do they like shopping on the Internet四、注意事项：1.回答特殊疑问句时，不能用 yes / no,即问什么答什么，尤 其是简略回答。如：1) What colour does he likeHe likes white.2) What size do you likeSmall.3) How much beef would you like一Half a kilo.4) How

45、much are they一Thirty-eight yuan a kilo.5) Why do they like shopping on theInternet一Because they can buy almosteverything on the Internet, and it svery easy.2.特殊疑问句一般读降调(Ohow many 与 how much 的用法：1. how many接可数名词的复数，表示 多少”。How many books are there on the deskHow many days are there in a week2. how muc

46、h 的用法：1)用来询问事物的数量，后接不可数名词。例如：How much milk is there in the glass2)用来询问事物的重量。例如：How much does the pig weighEighty kilos.3) how much意为 多少钱”时，可单独使用，也可构成词组howmuch money ,但英语中常省略 money,用来询问某物的价钱、 价格。(注意：how much询问价格时，它的回答若是中国的货币单位应采用汉语拼音yuan来表示,且字母小写，无复数。 How much is the eraser Two yuan.两元。4)用来询问数字计算的结果，

47、相当于 what。例如： How much is three plus one Its four.Module 61. along作介词时，意为 沿着”。.Go along the road and you ll see it.2. across 和 cross：(1) across为介词，表示(在表面)越过，横穿 ；cross为动 词，意为穿过，横穿”。(2) across必须与动词连用。cross不能与动词连用。例如：run across3. Why not + v.表示 为什么不 呢”Why not go to the library4. opposite是介词，表示在的对O.The b

48、ank is opposite the bookshop.5. turn left 表示 向左转；turn right 表示向右转6. third是序数词，表示 第三。Three是基数词。序数词要放 在the的后面。. the third street7. Could you tell me how to get to + 地点= Can you tell me the way to + 地点= Where is +地点8. take v. 搭乘；乘坐；固定使用；把（某人）带往；使（某人）到take bus/train/boatCan you take me to the bus statio

49、n 问路的句型：Where is How can I go/get to Excuse me. Can you tell me the way toCould you show me the way to 指路的句型：Go along the street and you ll see Turn left/Turn right.Turn left into Take the underground/Take a bus/taxi.Follow the road 1. We re standing opposite the National Gallery, a museum with lots

50、 of famous paintings.a museum 是 the National Gallery 的同位语， with 引导的介词短语修饰 museum 。2. It takes you 135 metres above the River Thames.above prep.在土方； 在 之上The bird is flying above the water.那只鸟在水面上飞。He lifted his hands above his head.他将双手举过头顶。3. When you are tired, the best way to see London is by boat

51、.当你累了 , 游览伦敦最好的方式便是乘船。4. As you go along the river, the LondonEye is on your right.沿河进行时，伦敦眼就在你的右边。as这里引导的是时间状语从句。5. When you get off the boat, go past the station and walk along the street.get off 表示 “下（车，船） ”past prep. 路过（某物或某地）；越过We walk past the school.go past 经过walk along 沿着走I like to walk alon

52、g the beach.6. You re now back where you started.你现在回到了出发的地方。Where you started 是地点状语从句。1 . 方位介词。on the left/right 在左边 / 右边next to 临近opposite在附近on the corner of 在的拐角between and 在和之间2 .问路、指路。Turn left/right.Go across Take the No. bus.Where is How can I get to Could you tell me the way toCan you show m

53、e the way toModule 7be动词的形式原形amisare否定缩略式am notisn taren t过去式waswaswere否定缩略式wasn twasn tweren t含有was的特殊疑问句例如：1. What was the name of the village2. What was the name of your first school3. Who was your first teacher含有were的特殊疑问句例如:1. Where were you born2. Where were you born, Tony3. Who were your firs

54、t friends4. What were they like5. And what were you likedifficult难对付的good乖的多 反义词守规知的.，born出生于如：I was born in Zibo.我出生于淄博。2. the name of的名字如：The name of his school is ForeignLanguage School.他学校的名字是外语学校。3. be strict with对某人严格.Our teacher is very strict with us.老师对我们要求很严格。4. primary school 小学.The children like their primaryschool very much.孩子们非常喜欢他们的小学There was a big living room with a TV, a kitchen, a bathroom and three bedrooms.有一个很大的起居室，里面有一台电视机；此外还有一间厨房、一个卫生间和三间卧室。此句中的 with a TV是介词短语，在句中作定语，修饰 a big living room。又如：1.